一名九头狮子草
泻热，散血
酸寒。散血解毒，祛风杀虫。治诸淋疳痢（《海上方》∶捣汁，和鸡子白服，治赤白痢）
，血癖恶疮（多年恶疮，敷两三遍即瘥。烧灰煎膏，涂秃疮湿癣），小儿丹毒（捣汁饮，以
滓涂之），利肠滑产。叶如马齿，有大、小二种，小者入药。性至难燥，去茎用（亦忌鱼、
鳖同食）。
宣，涌，吐。与淡豆豉、赤小豆，并为吐药
苦寒。阳明（胃）吐药，能吐风热痰涎，上隔宿食（吐去上焦之邪，经所谓其高者因而
越之。在上者涌之，木郁达之是也。越以瓜蒂、淡豉之苦，涌以赤小豆之酸，吐去上焦有形
之物，则木得舒畅，天地交而万物通矣。当吐而胃弱者，代以参芦。朱丹溪曰∶吐中就有发
散之义。张子和曰∶诸汗法，古方多有之，惟以吐发汗，世罕知之。故予尝曰∶吐法兼汗以
此夫。昂按∶汗、吐、下、和，乃治疗之四法。仲景瓜蒂散、栀豉汤，并是吐药。子和治病，
用吐尤多。丹溪治许白云大吐二十余日，治小便不通，亦用吐法，甚至用四物、四君以引吐
，成法具在。今人惟知汗、下、和，而吐法绝置不用。遇邪在上焦及当吐者，不行涌越，致
结塞而成坏证。轻病致重，重病致死者多矣！时医皆弃古法，枉人性命，可痛也夫），治风
眩头痛，懊 不眠，癫痫喉痹，头目湿气，水肿黄胆（或合赤小豆煎，或吹鼻中，取出黄水），
湿热诸病。上部无实邪者禁用（能损胃耗气，语曰∶大吐亡阳，大下亡阴。凡取吐者，须天
气清明，巳午以前，令病患隔夜勿食，卒病者不拘。《类编》云∶一女子病 喘不止，遇道
人教取瓜蒂七枚为末，调服其汁，即吐痰如胶粘，三进而病如扫）。
又名九头狮子草。
功效为泻热、散血。
性味酸寒。具有散血解毒、祛风杀虫的功效。治疗各种淋证、疳疾和痢疾（《海上方》记载：捣取汁液，与鸡蛋清混合服用，可治赤白痢）；治疗血癖恶疮（多年的恶疮，外敷两三次即可痊愈。烧成灰后煎制成膏，涂抹于秃疮和湿癣处）；治疗小儿丹毒（捣汁内服，并将药渣外涂）；通利肠道，滑利产道。叶片形状像马齿，有大、小两种，小的品种入药使用。性质极难干燥，使用时去除茎部（同时也忌讳与鱼、鳖同食）。
甜瓜蒂
功效为宣通、涌吐。常与淡豆豉、赤小豆配伍，共同作为催吐药物。
性味苦寒。是阳明经（胃经）的催吐药，能够吐出风热痰涎，以及上焦隔夜的宿食（通过呕吐去除上焦的病邪，正如经典所说“病位高的，顺势使其向上排出”。病在上部的用涌吐法，肝气郁结的用疏达法。利用瓜蒂、淡豆豉的苦味来越出邪气，利用赤小豆的酸味来涌吐，将上焦有形的病邪吐出，这样肝木就能舒畅，天地之气相交而万物通畅。对于应当催吐但胃气虚弱的人，可以用参芦代替。朱丹溪说：“吐法中蕴含着发散的意义。”张子和说：“各种发汗的方法，古方中有很多，唯独用吐法来发汗，世人很少知道。所以我曾说：吐法兼有发汗的作用。”汪昂按语：汗、吐、下、和，是治疗的四种方法。张仲景的瓜蒂散、栀豉汤，都是催吐药。张子和治病，多用吐法。朱丹溪治疗许白云剧烈呕吐二十多天，治疗小便不通，也用了吐法，甚至用四物汤、四君子汤来引导催吐，这些成法都记录在案。现在的人只知道汗、下、和三种方法，而完全弃置不用吐法。遇到病邪在上焦且应当催吐的情况，如果不进行涌吐，导致邪气结塞而形成坏证。轻病因此变重，重病因此致死的很多！当时的医生都抛弃古法，枉人性命，真是令人痛心啊），治疗风眩头痛、心中烦闷不眠、癫痫喉痹、头目湿气、水肿黄疸（或者配合赤小豆煎煮，或者吹入鼻中，引出黄水），以及湿热引起的各种疾病。上部没有实邪者禁用（因为会损伤胃气、耗损正气，俗话说：“大吐亡阳，大下亡阴”。凡是采用催吐法的，必须选择天气晴朗的日子，上午巳时到午时之前，让患者在服药前一晚不要进食，急病患者不拘泥于此。《类编》记载：一个女子气喘不止，遇到道人教她取七枚瓜蒂研成粉末，调服其汁液，立即吐出如胶粘状的痰，服用三次后病如扫除般痊愈）。
Machi Xian (Portulaca Oleracea)
Also known as Jiutou Shizi Cao (Nine-Headed Lion Grass).
Its actions are to clear heat and dissipate blood stasis.
It is sour and cold in nature. It dissipates blood stasis, resolves toxicity, expels wind, and kills parasites. It treats various types of Lin syndrome (dysuria), Gan disease (pediatric malnutrition with abdominal distension), and dysentery (The *Haishang Fang* records: crush the herb to extract juice, mix with egg white, and take orally to treat red and white dysentery); it treats blood masses and malignant sores (for chronic malignant sores, apply topically two or three times until healed; burn to ash, decoct into ointment, and apply to alopecia and wet tinea); it treats pediatric erysipelas (crush to extract juice for oral administration, and apply the dregs topically); it promotes intestinal lubrication and facilitates childbirth. The leaves resemble those of a pig's tooth, coming in large and small varieties; the smaller variety is used medicinally. Its nature is extremely difficult to dry; use only the leaves, removing the stems (also contraindicated to be consumed with fish and turtle).
Tian Gua Di (Melon Seed Stalk / Peduncle of Cucumis melo)
Its actions are to diffuse, promote vomiting, and induce emesis. It is often combined with Dan Dou Chi (Prepared Soybean) and Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) as an emetic formula.
It is bitter and cold in nature. It is an emetic for the Yangming channel (Stomach), capable of expelling wind-heat, phlegm, and saliva, as well as overnight retained food in the upper jiao (by vomiting, pathogenic factors in the upper jiao are expelled, as stated in the classics: "For pathogens located high, facilitate their upward expulsion." For pathogens in the upper region, use the method of surging/emesis; for liver qi stagnation, use the method of smoothing and unblocking. Using the bitterness of Tian Gua Di and Dan Dou Chi to vent pathogens, and the sourness of Chi Xiao Dou to surge them out, thereby removing有形 (tangible/pathological) substances from the upper jiao allows the Wood element to flow freely, enabling the interaction of Heaven and Earth Qi and the smooth passage of all things. For patients who require emesis but have weak stomach qi, Shen Lu (Ginseng Root Tip) can be substituted. Zhu Danxi stated: "There is an inherent meaning of dispersion within the method of emesis." Zhang Zihe said: "Various sweating methods exist in ancient formulas, but few people know that emesis can also induce sweating. Thus I once said: Emesis combines the function of sweating." Wang Ang notes: Sweating, emesis, purgation, and harmonizing are the four therapeutic methods. Zhongjing's Gualisan (Melon Peduncle Decoction) and Zhichi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) are both emetics. Zhang Zihe frequently used emesis in treating diseases. Danxi treated Xu Baiyun who suffered from severe vomiting for over twenty days, and also used emesis to treat urinary retention, even using Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) and Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) to guide the emetic process; these established methods are recorded. Nowadays, people only know of sweating, purgation, and harmonizing, completely abandoning emesis. When pathogens are in the upper jiao and emesis is indicated, failing to perform surging/venting leads to pathological accumulation and complex syndromes. Many cases of mild illness becoming severe, or severe illness leading to death, occur due to this! Contemporary physicians abandon ancient methods, wasting lives, which is truly heartbreaking.) It treats wind-dizziness headache, ao nao (restlessness and irritability) with insomnia, epilepsy, throat obstruction, dampness in the head and eyes, edema, and jaundice (either decocted with Chi Xiao Dou or insufflated into the nose to draw out yellow fluid); it treats various diseases caused by damp-heat. It is strictly contraindicated for individuals without excess pathogens in the upper body (as it damages stomach qi and consumes vital energy; as the saying goes: "Severe emesis depletes Yang, severe purgation depletes Yin." Whenever inducing emesis, one must choose clear weather, before noon (Si and Wu hours), and instruct the patient to fast overnight prior to taking the medicine, except in acute emergencies. The *Leibian* records: A woman suffered from incessant asthma/wheezing. A Daoist priest instructed her to take seven pieces of Tian Gua Di, grind them into powder, mix with juice, and ingest. She immediately vomited sticky phlegm like glue. After three doses, her illness was cleared away like sweeping dust.).