涩，镇惊
涩凉。镇心安魂。治大人痉癫狂热，小儿五惊十二痫（《卫生宝鉴》曰∶龙齿安魂，虎
睛定魄。龙属木，主肝，肝藏魂。虎属金，主肺，肺藏魄也）。治同龙骨。
通，行水
甘平。下水气，利小便。治咳逆上气，香港脚黄胆，妊娠水肿（古方治水肿，有鲤鱼汤、
鲤鱼粥。刘河间曰∶鲤之治水，鸭之利水，所谓因其气相感也）。
鲤鱼骨烧灰，疗鱼骨哽。
补土和胃
甘温。诸鱼属火，独鲫属土。土能制水，故有和胃、实肠、行水之功（作 食，治香港脚
及上气）。忌麦冬、芥菜、沙糖、猪肝。
补，调胃
甘平。开胃消食，治暴痢腹胀（《菽园杂记》曰∶痢疾最忌油腻、生冷，惟白鲞相宜。
以其无脂不腻，而能消宿食、理肠胃也）。即干白鱼鲞，首中有石，故名（石治石淋。昂按∶
今人多以石首鱼鳔合破故纸等药为丸，名鱼鳔丸，云暖精种子。而《本草》全未之及，何也
）。
泻热，治目疾
苦寒色青。入肝胆。治目疾，点眼消赤肿障翳，咽津吐喉痹痰涎，涂火热疮，疗鱼骨哽
。腊月收，阴干。
泻热
凡胆皆苦，惟鳢鱼胆甘（昂按∶味终带苦）。喉痹将死者，点入即瘥，病深者水调灌之。
俗名乌鱼，即七星鱼（首有七星，夜朝北斗，道家谓之水厌。雁为天厌，犬为地厌。《卫生
》歌云∶雁行有序犬有义，黑鱼拱北知臣礼，人无礼义反食之，天地鬼神皆不喜。杨拱《医
方摘要》云∶除夕黄昏时，取大黑鳢鱼一尾，小者二三尾，煮汤浴儿，遍身七窃俱到，能免
出痘。不可嫌腥，而以清水洗去也。如不信，留一手或一足不洗，遇出痘时，不洗处痘必多
。此乃异人所传，不可轻易。《食医心镜》∶鳢鱼一斤以上，和冬瓜、葱白作羹，治十种水
气）。
涩味，具有镇惊安神的作用。
性味涩凉。能镇心安神定魂。治疗成人痉挛、癫痫、高热狂躁，以及小儿五惊十二痫（《卫生宝鉴》记载：龙齿能安魂，虎睛能定魄。龙属木，对应肝脏，肝藏魂；虎属金，对应肺脏，肺藏魄）。其功效与龙骨相同。
通利，行水消肿
性味甘平。能下行水气，通利小便。治疗咳嗽气逆上冲，脚气病及黄疸，妊娠水肿（古代方剂治疗水肿，有用鲤鱼汤、鲤鱼粥的。刘河间说：鲤鱼治水，鸭子利水，这就是所谓的气机相感原理）。
将鲤鱼骨烧成灰，可治疗鱼刺卡喉。
补益脾胃，调和胃气
性味甘温。各种鱼类属性偏火，唯独鲫鱼属性偏土。土能制约水湿，因此鲫鱼有和胃、充实肠道、行水利湿的功效（作为食物食用，可治疗脚气病及气逆上冲）。忌与麦冬、芥菜、砂糖、猪肝同食。
补益，调理胃气
性味甘平。能开胃消食，治疗急性痢疾伴腹胀（《菽园杂记》记载：痢疾最忌讳油腻、生冷食物，只有白鲞适宜。因为它没有油脂不腻，且能消化积食、调理肠胃）。即干制的白鱼鲞，头部中间有石头，所以得名（石首鱼之石可治疗石淋。汪昂按语：现在人多用石首鱼的鳔配合破故纸等药物制成丸药，名为鱼鳔丸，声称能暖精种子。但《本草》中对此全未提及，这是为什么呢？）。
泻热，治疗眼疾
性味苦寒，色青。入肝胆经。治疗眼疾，研末点眼可消除红肿障翳，吞咽津液可吐出喉痹痰涎，涂抹可治火热疮，也可治疗鱼刺卡喉。腊月采集，阴干保存。
泻热
凡是胆都苦，唯独黑鱼胆甘（汪昂按语：味道终究带苦）。喉痹即将死亡的患者，滴入胆汁即可痊愈，病情深重的用水调服灌下。俗称乌鱼，即七星鱼（头部有七星，夜晚朝向北斗，道家称之为“水厌”。雁是“天厌”，犬是“地厌”。《卫生》歌诀云：雁行有序犬有义，黑鱼拱北知臣礼，人无礼义反食之，天地鬼神皆不喜。杨拱《医方摘要》记载：除夕黄昏时，取一条大黑鱼，小的两三条，煮汤给婴儿洗澡，全身七窍都要洗到，能避免出痘。不可嫌腥味而用清水洗去。如果不信，留一只手或一只脚不洗，等到出痘时，没洗的地方痘痘一定多。这是异人传授的方法，不可轻易尝试。《食医心镜》记载：黑鱼一斤以上，搭配冬瓜、葱白做成羹汤，治疗十种水气病）。
Astringent, calms fright.
Taste astringent, nature cool. Calms the heart and settles the soul (Hun). Treats adult spasms, epilepsy, high fever, and mania; pediatric five frights and twelve types of epilepsy (*Weisheng Baojian* states: Longchi [Dragon Teeth] calms the Hun, Hujing [Tiger Eyes] stabilizes the Po. Dragon belongs to Wood, governs the Liver, and the Liver stores the Hun. Tiger belongs to Metal, governs the Lung, and the Lung stores the Po). Its actions are the same as those of *Longgu* [Dragon Bone].
Unblocking, promotes water metabolism.
Taste sweet, nature neutral. Directs water qi downward, promotes urination. Treats cough with rebellious qi, beriberi (Jiaoxie), jaundice, and edema during pregnancy (Ancient formulas for treating edema include Carp Decoction and Carp Porridge. Liu Hejian stated: Carp treats water retention, duck promotes water metabolism; this is referred to as mutual influence of their natures).
Carp bone calcined to ash treats fishbone impaction in the throat.
Tonifies Earth, harmonizes the Stomach.
Taste sweet, nature warm. All fish belong to Fire, but only Crucian Carp belongs to Earth. Earth controls Water, thus it has the effects of harmonizing the Stomach, solidifying the intestines, and promoting water movement (When consumed as food, it treats beriberi and rebellious qi). Avoid consuming with *Maidong* [Ophiopogonis Radix], mustard greens, rock sugar, and pig liver.
Tonifying, regulates the Stomach.
Taste sweet, nature neutral. Opens the appetite and aids digestion, treats acute dysentery with abdominal distension (*Shuyuan Zaji* states: Dysentery strictly forbids greasy and raw/cold foods; only dried white fish is suitable. Because it lacks grease and is not cloying, it can digest retained food and regulate the intestines and stomach). It refers to dried white fish (*Baixiang*). The head contains a stone, hence the name (The stone from the Stonehead Fish treats stone strangury. Note by Ang: Nowadays, people often use the swim bladder of the Stonehead Fish combined with *Pogu Zhi* [Psoraleae Fructus] etc., made into pills named Yubiao Wan [Fish Bladder Pill], claiming it warms essence and seeds offspring. Yet *Bencao* does not mention this at all, why?).
Drains heat, treats eye diseases.
Taste bitter, nature cold, color green. Enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Treats eye diseases; applied topically to the eyes reduces redness, swelling, nebula, and pterygium. Swallowing saliva helps expel phlegm-saliva in throat obstruction (Houbi); applying externally treats burns/fire sores; also treats fishbone impaction. Collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in shade.
Drains heat.
All gallbladders are bitter, except for the Snakehead Fish gallbladder which is sweet (Note by Ang: The taste ultimately retains bitterness). For patients dying of severe throat obstruction, instilling the gallbladder juice leads to recovery; for deep-seated disease, dilute with water and administer orally. Commonly known as Black Fish, or Seven-Star Fish (It has seven stars on its head, facing the North Star at night; Daoists call it "Water Repeller". Wild geese are "Heaven Repellers", dogs are "Earth Repellers". *Weisheng* song says: Geese fly in order, dogs show righteousness; Black fish bows north knowing ministerial propriety. If humans lack propriety and eat them, Heaven, Earth, ghosts, and gods will not approve. Yang Gong's *Yifang Yaoyao* states: On New Year's Eve at dusk, take one large black snakehead fish and two or three small ones, boil soup to bathe the infant, ensuring all seven orifices are washed. This can prevent smallpox. Do not wash away the scent with clear water due to dislike of the smell. If you doubt this, leave one hand or foot unwashed; when smallpox erupts, the unwashed area will have more pustules. This was passed down by an extraordinary person, do not try it lightly. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Snakehead fish over one jin, cooked with winter melon and scallion whites as soup, treats ten types of water qi disorders).