〔害〕凡病虚而多热宜之，虚而有寒者忌之。肾虚无火，精寒自出者非宜。恶吴萸、细
辛、
麻黄。
〔利〕咸以软坚化痰，涩以收脱，微寒以清热，补水、利湿、止渴，海水化咸，潜伏不
动，
故体用皆阴，为肝肾血分之药，用左者以平肝也。贝母为使，得蛇床、远志、牛膝、甘草良
。
〔修治〕盐水煮一伏时， 粉或生用。
〔害〕蛤粉善消痰积血块，然脾胃虚寒者宜少用，或加益脾胃药同用为宜。
肉气味虽冷，与服丹石人相反，食之令腹结痛，凡使海蛤，勿用游波，虫骨相似只是面上
无光，误饵令人狂走，欲投水如鬼祟，惟醋能解之。
〔利〕与牡蛎同功，肉咸冷，止渴解酒。大抵海属咸寒，功用略同。江湖蛤蚌，但能清
热利
湿，不能软坚。蜀漆为使。畏狗胆、甘遂、芫花。
〔修治〕四五月淘沙取之，炭 火研成粉，或生捣碎。
〔害〕下部腰膝无力，由于精血真阴不足者不宜用。其味酸涩，伤食脾胃未虚，积滞多
者不
宜用。愚谓性温必燥，肾恶燥，故久服损齿及骨。针经云∶多食之，令人癃（闭溺者为癃），
忌铁器。
〔利〕酸涩而温，和脾理胃，敛肺伐肝，气脱能收，气滞能和，故筋急能舒，筋缓能利，
攻
湿痹，治香港脚，但酸收能闭小便，须与车前子同用。
〔修治〕八月采实，切片晒干入药。宣州瓜陈生者良。
桃仁
〔害〕性善破血，散而不收，泻而无补，过用之及用之不得其当，能使血下不止，损伤
真阴
。凡经闭不通，由于血虚，而不由于瘀滞；产后腹痛，由于血虚空痛，而不由于留血结块；
大便不通，由于津液不足，而不由于血燥闭结；误用之大伤阴气。双仁有毒，不可用。桃枭
，其功专于辟邪去瘀，病值虚者忌，与桃仁用同。桃花攻决为用，但可施于气实有余之症，
若无故而因除百病、美颜色诸谬说而服之，为害不少。耗人阴血，损元气。勿用千叶花，令
人鼻衄不止、目黄。藏器乃言，食之患淋。
桃叶苦平，杀虫发汗，采嫩者，名桃心。入药尤胜。
桃子辛酸甘热、微毒，多食令人有热痈疖。
〔利〕桃仁苦甘平，入肝大肠两经。破诸经血瘀，润大肠血燥，肌有血凝，而燥痒堪除；
热
入血结，而狂言可止。香附为使。
〔修治〕桃仁，去皮尖炒黄用。或麸炒，或烧存性。润燥活血，宜汤浸。行血宜连皮尖
生用
。以六七月采桃核，敲碎取仁阴干，采之千叶者，勿用。以绢袋盛，悬檐下阴干用。桃枭，
是桃实在树经冬者，正月采之，实者良，酒拌蒸焙干去核用。主辟邪祛祟。桃为五木之精，
故能解邪杀鬼，亦可杀虫。桃花苦平，峻利通攻，泻痰饮滞血，下宿水，疗风狂。
黄帝书云∶食桃饱，入水浴，令人成淋，及寒热病。桃实多食，令人膨胀，及生痈疖，
有损
无益。与鳖肉同食，患心痛。服术人，忌食之。
【左顾牡蛎】
〔危害〕凡是虚证且伴有内热的患者适宜使用，但虚证而伴有寒象的患者应当禁忌。肾气虚弱而无命门之火，导致精液清冷、滑脱不禁者，不适合使用。本品畏恶吴茱萸、细辛和麻黄。
〔功效〕其味咸能软化坚积、化解痰浊，味涩能收敛固脱，性微寒能清除热邪，具有滋补肾水、利湿通淋、止渴生津的作用。海水化生为咸味，性质潜伏静止，因此其体与用均属阴，是作用于肝、肾血分的药物。选用左侧生长的牡蛎是为了平抑肝阳。以贝母为引经药，配合蛇床子、远志、牛膝、甘草使用效果良好。
〔炮制〕用盐水煮一个时辰（约两小时），可研成粉末或生用。
【海蛤蜊壳】
〔危害〕蛤粉善于消除痰积和血块，但脾胃虚寒者应少用，或者加入补益脾胃的药物一同使用为宜。海蛤肉气味虽冷，但与服用丹石类药物的人相反，食用后会导致腹部结聚疼痛。凡使用海蛤时，不要使用“游波”（一种外形似虫骨但表面无光泽的伪品），误食后会使人发狂奔走，如同中邪鬼祟一般，只有醋能解此毒。
〔功效〕海蛤的功效与牡蛎相同。其肉味咸性冷，能止渴、解酒。大抵海洋贝壳类多属咸寒之性，功用大致相同。江河湖泊中的蛤蚌，只能清热利湿，不能软化坚积。以蜀漆为使药。畏狗胆、甘遂、芫花。
〔炮制〕在四五月间淘洗去沙取用，用炭火研成粉末，或生捣碎。
【木瓜】
〔危害〕下部腰膝无力，若因精血真阴不足所致者不宜使用。木瓜味酸涩，若饮食停滞而脾胃尚未虚弱、积滞较多者也不宜使用。我认为其性温必燥，肾恶燥，所以久服会损伤牙齿及骨骼。《针经》说：多吃会让人患癃闭（小便不通）。忌用铁器加工。
〔功效〕味酸涩性温，能调和脾脏、理顺胃气，收敛肺气、伐泄肝气。气机下脱能收敛，气机阻滞能调和，因此筋脉拘急能舒缓，筋脉弛缓能强健。能攻逐湿痹，治疗脚气病。但因其酸收之性能闭塞小便，必须与车前子同用。
〔炮制〕八月采集果实，切片晒干入药。宣州产的陈年木瓜品质优良。
【桃仁】
〔危害〕桃仁性善破血，有散无收，只泻不补。过量使用或使用不当，会导致出血不止，损伤真阴。凡是月经闭止不通，是由于血虚而非瘀血阻滞者；产后腹痛，是由于血虚空痛而非瘀血结块者；大便不通，是由于津液不足而非血燥闭结者，误用桃仁会大伤阴气。双仁桃核有毒，不可使用。桃枭（树上过冬的干桃），其功效专于辟邪去瘀，体质虚弱者忌用，用法与桃仁相同。桃花攻决力强，仅适用于气实有余的病症，如果听信无故服用桃花能除百病、美容颜等谬论而服用，危害不小。它会耗损人的阴血，损伤元气。不要用千叶桃花，否则会导致鼻衄不止、目黄。陈藏器曾说，吃桃花会引发淋证。
桃叶苦平，能杀虫发汗，采摘嫩叶称为“桃心”，入药效果更佳。
桃子味辛酸甘性热，微毒，多吃会让人产生热毒痈疖。
〔功效〕桃仁味苦甘性平，入肝、大肠两经。能破除各经的血瘀，润燥大肠的血燥，肌肤有血凝滞导致的干燥瘙痒可消除；热邪入血分形成结聚导致的胡言乱语可停止。以香附为使药。
〔炮制〕桃仁需去皮尖，炒至黄色使用。或用麸皮炒，或烧存性。用于润燥活血，宜用水浸泡；用于行血宜连皮尖生用。在六七月采集桃核，敲碎取出桃仁阴干，采自千叶桃树的勿用。用绢袋盛装，悬挂在屋檐下阴干备用。桃枭，是指挂在树上经过冬天的桃子，正月采集，实心者良，用酒拌蒸焙干去核使用。主要功效是辟邪祛祟。桃被视为五木之精，故能解邪杀鬼，也可杀虫。桃花味苦平，峻利通攻，能泻除痰饮、停滞之血，排出宿水，治疗风狂病。
《黄帝书》说：吃桃吃饱后入水洗澡，会让人患上淋证及寒热病。桃子多吃会让人腹胀，并生痈疖，有害无益。与鳖肉同食，会患心痛。服用白术的人，忌食桃子。
[Left-Gazing Oyster Shell]
[Harm] It is suitable for patients with deficiency syndromes accompanied by internal heat, but contraindicated for those with deficiency syndromes accompanied by cold. It is not suitable for cases of Kidney deficiency without Mingmen fire (Fire of the Gate of Life), where clear and cold essence spontaneously escapes. It is incompatible with Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu), Asari Radix (Xixin), and Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang).
[Efficacy] Its salty taste softens hardness and resolves phlegm; its astringent nature consolidates leakage; its slightly cold nature clears heat; it nourishes Kidney water, promotes diuresis, and relieves thirst. Seawater transforms into saltiness, possessing a latent and still nature; therefore, both its substance and function are Yin. It is a herb acting on the Blood aspect of the Liver and Kidney. The left-gazing variety is used to pacify the Liver. Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu) serves as an guiding drug; combined with Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi), Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), it yields good results.
[Preparation] Boil in salt water for one *fu* period (approx. 2 hours); can be powdered or used raw.
[Clam Shell]
[Harm] Clam powder excels at dissipating phlegm accumulations and blood masses, but should be used sparingly by those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold, preferably combined with herbs that tonify the Spleen and Stomach. Although the meat is cold in nature, it opposes those taking mineral pills (Dan Shi); ingestion causes abdominal constriction and pain. When using sea clams, do not use "Youbo" (a look-alike resembling insect bone but lacking luster); mistaken ingestion causes madness and running about as if possessed by ghosts, which can only be antidoted by vinegar.
[Efficacy] It shares the same functions as Oyster Shell. The meat is salty and cold, relieving thirst and resolving alcohol intoxication. Generally, marine shells are salty and cold, with similar functions. Freshwater clams and mussels can only clear heat and promote diuresis, but cannot soften hardness. Lycopii Herba (Shuqi) serves as an guiding drug. It is inhibited by Cynoglossi Radix (Goudan - likely referring to a specific preparation or error in text, literally Dog Gallbladder), Kansui Radix (Gansui), and Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua).
[Preparation] Harvest in April-May, wash away sand, grind into powder over charcoal fire, or crush raw.
[Chaenomelis Fructus (Papaya)]
[Harm] It is unsuitable for weakness in the lower back and knees caused by insufficiency of essence, blood, and true Yin. Due to its sour and astringent nature, it is unsuitable for food stagnation where the Spleen and Stomach are not yet deficient and there is significant accumulation. I believe its warm nature must be drying; since the Kidney dislikes dryness, long-term use damages teeth and bones. *Zhen Jing* states: excessive consumption leads to strangury (difficulty in urination). Avoid iron tools during processing.
[Efficacy] Sour, astringent, and warm; harmonizes the Spleen and regulates the Stomach; astringes Lung Qi and subdues Liver Qi. It consolidates sinking Qi and moves stagnant Qi; thus, it relaxes tense sinews and strengthens flaccid sinews. It attacks damp-bi syndrome and treats beriberi (Hongjiaojiao). However, its astringent nature may obstruct urination, so it must be used with Plantaginis Semen (Cheqianzi).
[Preparation] Harvest fruits in August, slice, and sun-dry for medicinal use. Aged Chaenomelis from Xuanzhou is superior.
[Peach Kernel]
[Harm] Peach kernel excels at breaking blood stasis; it scatters but does not consolidate, purges but does not tonify. Overuse or improper use can cause continuous bleeding and damage true Yin. It is contraindicated for amenorrhea due to Blood deficiency rather than stasis; postpartum abdominal pain due to Blood deficiency empty-pain rather than retained blood masses; and constipation due to fluid insufficiency rather than dryness-stagnation. Misuse severely damages Yin Qi. Double-kernel peaches are toxic and should not be used. Tao Xiao (dried peach kept on the tree through winter) specializes in dispelling evil and removing stasis; it is contraindicated for deficient patients and used similarly to Peach Kernel. Peach Flower has strong purgative properties, applicable only to excess conditions with abundant Qi. Believing false claims that it removes all diseases and beautifies the skin leads to harm; it depletes Yin Blood and damages Yuan Qi. Do not use double-petaled flowers, as they cause persistent epistaxis and yellow eyes. Chen Zangqi stated that eating peach flowers causes strangury.
Peach Leaf is bitter and neutral, kills parasites, and induces sweating; tender leaves, called "Peach Heart," are superior for medicinal use.
Peach Fruit is sour, acrid, sweet, and hot, with slight toxicity; excessive consumption causes heat-toxin carbuncles and furuncles.
[Efficacy] Peach Kernel is bitter, sweet, and neutral, entering the Liver and Large Intestine meridians. It breaks blood stasis in all meridians, moistens dryness in the Large Intestine, eliminates dryness-itching from blood coagulation in the skin, and stops delirium caused by heat entering the Blood level forming clumps. Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu) serves as an guiding drug.
[Preparation] Remove skin and tips, stir-fry until yellow. Or stir-fry with bran, or charred to retain efficacy. For moistening dryness and invigorating blood, soak in decoction; for moving blood, use raw with skin and tips intact. Harvest pits in June-July, crack open, extract kernels, and dry in shade. Kernels from double-petaled peaches are forbidden. Store in silk bags, hang under eaves to dry. Tao Xiao refers to peeks kept on the tree through winter, harvested in January; solid ones are best, steamed with wine, dried, pitted, and used to dispel evil spirits. Peach is considered the essence of the Five Woods, capable of resolving evil, killing ghosts, and killing parasites. Peach Flower is bitter and neutral, strongly purging and unblocking, draining phlegm-fluids and stagnant blood, expelling old water, and treating wind-mania.
*Huangdi Shu* states: Eating peaches until full and then bathing in water causes strangury and alternating chills and fever. Excessive consumption of peach fruit causes bloating and carbuncles/furuncles, doing more harm than good. Consuming with turtle meat causes heart pain. Those taking Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu) should avoid peaches.