气味辛温，有小毒。主治温中下气，止痛，除湿血痹，逐风邪，开腠理，咳逆寒热
。
（吴茱萸所在有之，江浙、蜀汉尤多。木高丈余，叶似椿而阔浓，紫色，三月开红紫细
花，
七八月结实累累成簇，似椒子而无核，嫩时微黄，熟则深紫，多生吴地，故名吴茱萸。九月
九日采，阴干，陈久者良，滚水泡一二次，去其毒瓦斯用之。）
山茱萸、吴茱萸咸禀木火之气。禀火气，故主温中。禀木气，故主下气。中焦温而逆气
下，
则痛自止矣。湿血痹者，湿伤肌腠，致充肤热肉之血凝泣为痹。少阳炎热之气，行于肌腠，
肝主冲任之血，淡渗皮肤，则湿血痹可除矣。又曰∶逐风邪者，言湿痹可除，而风邪亦可逐
也。气味辛温，故开腠理。腠理开，则肺病之咳逆，皮肤之寒热皆治矣。
气味甘平，无毒。主治 疟，解毒蛊疰不祥，利水道。久服轻身耐老。
（猪苓始出衡山山谷及济阴、冤句，今蜀州、习州亦有之。乃枫树之苓也，其皮黑，其
肉白
述记》云∶南中有枫子鬼木之老者，为人形，亦呼为灵枫，盖瘿
之雕刻鬼神，可致灵异。《尔
雅正义》云∶枫子鬼乃枫木上寄生，枝高二三尺，天旱以泥涂之即雨。荀伯子《临川记》云∶
岭南枫木岁久生瘿，如人
形，遇暴雷大雨，则暗长三五尺，谓之枫人，则枫为灵异之木，可知矣。）
（按∶陶弘景曰∶猪苓是枫树苓。苏颂曰∶生土底不必枫根下始有。李时珍曰∶猪苓是
木之
结茯苓之理。他木皆有，枫树为多。卢子由曰∶木之有余于气与脂者，唯松与枫，松则兼气
与脂而咸有余，枫则余气为
苓，不复余脂为香。余脂为香，不复余气为苓，苓与香各禀气与脂之体与用也。合诸说，观
之苓虽他木皆有，唯枫树下
者，入药为良。
犹寄生、螵蛸二物他树亦有，而唯取桑上者入药，亦此理耳。谓之猪苓者，以其形似猪矢命
枫树之瘿，遇雷雨则暗长，以泥涂之，即天雨，是禀水精所主之木也。猪苓新出土时，
其味
带甘，苓主淡渗，故曰甘平。 疟，阴疟也。主治 疟者，禀水精之气以奉春生，则阴疟之
邪，随生气而升散矣。解毒蛊疰不详者，苓禀枫树之精华，结于中土，得土气则解毒，禀精
华则解蛊疰不祥也。味甘平而淡渗，故利水道。久服则水精四布，故轻身耐老。
气味辛、温，有小毒。主治温中散寒、降逆气，止痛，去除湿邪与血瘀阻滞，驱除风邪，开发腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔），治疗咳逆及寒热往来。
（吴茱萸产地较多，江浙、蜀汉地区尤其多产。树木高一丈余，叶子像椿树但更宽阔浓密，呈紫色，三月开红紫色细花，七八月果实累累成簇，形状像花椒子但没有核，嫩时微黄，成熟后深紫色，多生长在吴地，所以名叫吴茱萸。九月九日采收，阴干，陈久的品质好，用滚水泡一两次，以去除其毒性瓦斯后再使用。）
山茱萸和吴茱萸都禀受了木和火的气化特性。禀受火气，所以主治温中；禀受木气，所以主治下气。中焦温暖且逆气下行，疼痛自然停止。所谓“湿血痹”，是指湿邪损伤肌腠，导致充养肌肤、温热肌肉的血液凝滞不通而形成痹证。少阳经的炎热之气运行于肌腠之间，肝主司冲脉和任脉的血液，吴茱萸味淡能渗利皮肤，这样湿邪和血瘀阻滞就可以消除了。又说：“逐风邪”的意思是，湿痹既除，风邪也可以随之驱除。气味辛温，所以能开发腠理。腠理开通，那么肺病引起的咳逆，以及皮肤感受外邪引起的寒热症状都可以治愈了。
气味甘、平，无毒。主治疟疾，解毒，治疗蛊疰（一种由虫毒或疫气引起的慢性消耗性疾病）及不祥之症，通利水道。长期服用能使身体轻健、延缓衰老。
（猪苓最早出产于衡山山谷及济阴、冤句等地，现在蜀州、习州也有出产。它是枫树上的菌核，外皮黑色，内肉白色。《述记》说：南方有枫子鬼木这种老树，长得像人形，也叫灵枫，大概是因为雕刻鬼神能带来灵异。《尔雅正义》说：枫子鬼是寄生在枫树上的植物，枝条高二三尺，天旱时用泥涂抹它就会下雨。荀伯子的《临川记》说：岭南的枫木年代久了会长出树瘿，形状像人，遇到暴雨雷电就会暗中长高三五尺，叫做枫人，可见枫树是灵异之木。）
（按语：陶弘景说：猪苓是枫树上的菌核。苏颂说：生长在土底的不一定非要在枫树根下才有。李时珍说：猪苓是树木结出的茯苓类物质。其他树木都有，枫树居多。卢子由说：树木中气与脂剩余较多的，只有松和枫。松树兼有气和脂且都剩余，枫树剩余的“气”结成苓，不再剩余“脂”来形成香气。剩余的脂形成香气，剩余的氣形成苓，苓与香各自禀受了气与脂的体性和功用。综合各种说法观察，虽然苓在其他树木上都有，但唯独枫树下生长的，入药效果最好。就像桑寄生、海螵蛸这两种东西其他树上也有，但唯独取桑树上的入药，也是这个道理。称之为猪苓，是因为它的形状像猪屎。枫树的树瘿，遇到雷雨就暗中生长，用泥涂抹它就下雨，这是禀受水精所主宰的树木。猪苓新出土时，味道带甘，苓主淡渗，所以说它味甘平。疟疾，这里指阴疟。主治疟疾，是因为禀受水精之气以奉助春生之气，那么阴疟的邪气，会随着生气而升发消散。解毒、治疗蛊疰及不祥之症，是因为苓禀受枫树的精华，结于中土，得到土气就能解毒，禀受精华就能解蛊疰及不祥之症。味道甘平而淡渗，所以能通利水道。长期服用则水精四布全身，所以身体轻健、延缓衰老。）
The flavor is acrid and warm, with slight toxicity. It treats interior cold by warming the middle, directs rebellious qi downward, alleviates pain, eliminates dampness and blood stasis obstruction (Bi syndrome), expels wind pathogens, opens the interstices (cou li), and treats cough with counterflow of qi as well as alternating chills and fever.
(Wu Zhuyu [Evodiae Fructus] is abundant in various places, particularly in Jiangzhe and Shuhan. The tree grows over one zhang high; its leaves resemble those of the Toona sinensis but are broader and denser, appearing purple. In March, it bears small red-purple flowers. From July to August, fruits cluster heavily like Sichuan pepper seeds but lack kernels. They are slightly yellow when tender and deep purple when ripe. Grown predominantly in the Wu region, it derives its name from this location. Harvested on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, dried in shade, aged specimens are superior. Prior to use, soak in boiling water once or twice to remove toxic vapors.)
Both Shan Zhuyu [Corni Fructus] and Wu Zhuyu inherit the qi of Wood and Fire. By inheriting Fire qi, they warm the middle jiao. By inheriting Wood qi, they direct qi downward. When the middle jiao is warmed and rebellious qi descends, pain ceases naturally. "Dampness and blood stasis Bi" refers to dampness injuring the muscle interstices, causing the blood that nourishes the skin and warms the flesh to stagnate, resulting in Bi syndrome. The hot qi of the Shaoyang channel circulates within the muscle interstices. Since the Liver governs the Chong and Ren vessels' blood, and Wu Zhuyu has a bland taste that penetrates the skin, dampness and blood stasis can be eliminated. Furthermore, "expelling wind pathogens" implies that once damp-Bi is resolved, wind pathogens can also be expelled. Due to its acrid and warm flavor, it opens the interstices. Once the interstices are open, lung-related cough with counterflow of qi and skin-related alternating chills and fever are both treated.
The flavor is sweet and neutral, without toxicity. It treats malaria (nüe), detoxifies gu-zhu (a chronic wasting disease caused by insect toxins or epidemic qi) and other ominous pathologies, and promotes urination. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging.
(Zhuling [Polyporus] was originally found in the valleys of Hengshan and in Ji Yin and Yuan Ju. It is now also produced in Shuzhou and Xizhou. It is the sclerotium growing on maple trees, with black skin and white flesh. *Shuji* states: In the south, there is an old maple tree known as Fengzi Gui Mu, which resembles a human form and is also called Ling Feng, likely because carving deities upon it brings spiritual efficacy. *Erya Zhengyi* notes: Fengzi Gui is a parasite on maple trees, with branches two to three chi high; applying mud to it during drought induces rain. Xun Bozi's *Linchuan Ji* records: In Lingnan, old maple trees develop galls resembling humans; upon sudden thunderstorms, they grow secretly by three to five chi, called Feng Ren. Thus, the maple is known as a spiritually potent tree.)
(Note: Tao Hongjing stated: Zhuling is the sclerotium on maple trees. Su Song said: It grows in the soil and does not necessarily require maple roots. Li Shizhen stated: Zhuling is a type of Poria formed by trees. Other trees produce it, but maples are most common. Lu Ziyou said: Among trees, only Pine and Maple have surplus Qi and lipid. Pine retains both Qi and lipid in surplus, whereas Maple converts its surplus Qi into Ling (sclerotium) and does not retain surplus lipid for fragrance. Surplus lipid becomes fragrance; surplus Qi becomes Ling. Ling and fragrance respectively embody the substance and function of Qi and lipid. Synthesizing these views, although Ling exists on other trees, the specimen under the maple tree is best for medicinal use. This is analogous to Sang Jisheng (Mulberry Mistletoe) and Bie Jia (Tartar Turtle Shell), where only specimens from mulberry trees are used medicinally. It is named Zhuling because its shape resembles pig feces. The maple gall grows secretly during thunderstorms, and applying mud induces rain, indicating it is a tree governed by Water essence. Freshly unearthed Zhuling carries a sweet taste. Since Ling possesses a bland and permeating nature, it is described as sweet and neutral. "Malaria" here refers to Yin malaria. Its ability to treat malaria stems from inheriting Water essence qi to support Spring generation qi, allowing Yin malaria pathogens to ascend and dissipate with the generative qi. Detoxifying gu-zhu and ominous pathologies occurs because Ling inherits the essence of the maple tree,結s in the central earth, obtains Earth qi to detoxify, and inherits essence to resolve gu-zhu and ominous pathologies. With a sweet, neutral, and bland-permeating nature, it promotes urination. Long-term consumption distributes Water essence throughout the body, thereby lightening the physique and delaying aging.)