气味苦平，无毒。主治暴热火疮赤气，疥瘙，疽痔，马鞍热气。
（败酱俗名苦菜，处处原野皆有。春初生苗，深冬始凋，野人多食之。）
败酱味苦性寒，故主治暴热火疮赤气，而疥瘙疽痔，马鞍热气，皆为火热之病。马者，
火之
畜也。《金匮》方有薏苡附子败酱散，亦主肠痈而消热毒。
气味苦寒，无毒。主治头风，黄胆，咳逆，淋沥，女子阴中肿痛，湿痹死肌，不
可屈伸起止行步。
（白藓出河中江宁、滁洲、润州皆有之，以川蜀者为胜。苗高尺余，茎青叶稍白，四月
开花紫白色，根皮白色，根
心内实，其气腥膻。）
白藓臭腥色白，气味苦寒，禀金水之精，而治风热之证，主治头风，金能制风也。治黄
疸，
水能清热也。禀金气而益肺，故治咳逆。禀水气而益膀胱，故治男子淋沥，女子之阴中肿痛
。燥气属金，故治湿痹之死肌。水气主骨，故治骨属不可屈伸，及不可起止行步也。
气味辛温，无毒。主治明目，温中，耐风寒，下水气，面浮肿，痈疡。
（蓼近水滨及下湿处皆有，其类甚多，有青蓼、香蓼、水蓼、马蓼、紫蓼、赤蓼、木蓼
七种。又一种味极辛辣，谓
之辣蓼。今时浸水和面， 面是为神曲，又取燥末拌糯米饭一团，作
之者鲜矣。）
气味苦平，无毒。主治风湿痹，历节痛，惊痫，吐舌，悸气，贼风，鼠 ，痈肿。（
薇音眉。）
（薇衔生汉中川泽及冤句，邯郸。丛生，叶似茺蔚。有毛赤茎，《本经》名麋衔，一名
鹿衔，言麋鹿有疾，衔此草即
瘥也。又名吴风草。李时珍曰∶按郦道元《水经注》云∶魏兴、
锡山多生薇衔草，有风不偃，无风独摇，则吴风当作无风乃通。）
按∶月令五月鹿角解，十一月麋角解，是麋鹿有阴阳之分矣。此草禀少阴水火之气，是
以麋
鹿咸宜，犹乌药之治猫狗也。《素问》黄帝问曰∶有病身热懈惰，汗出如浴，恶风少气，此
为何病？岐伯曰∶病名酒风，治之以泽泻、术各三分，麋衔五分，合以三指撮，为后饭（后
饭
，先服药也）。此圣方也。而后世不知用之，诚缺典矣。
【败酱】
气味：苦，平，无毒。
主治：暴热火疮、赤气，疥瘙，疽痔，马鞍热气。
（败酱的俗名是苦菜，在各地的原野中都有生长。春天初生苗，深冬才开始凋谢，野外的人多食用它。）
败酱味苦性寒，所以主治暴热火疮和赤气；而疥瘙、疽痔、马鞍热气，都属于火热性质的病证。“马”是火之畜类。《金匮要略》中有薏苡附子败酱散（Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San, Coix Seed and Aconite Decoction with Patrinia），也是主治肠痈并消除热毒的方剂。
【白鲜皮】
气味：苦，寒，无毒。
主治：头风，黄疸，咳逆，淋沥，女子阴中肿痛，湿痹死肌，不可屈伸起止行步。
（白鲜产于河中府及江宁、滁州、润州等地，以川蜀地区出产的为优。植株高约一尺余，茎为青色，叶片稍带白色，四月开紫白色花，根皮白色，根心内部充实，气味腥膻。）
白鲜气味腥臭色白，味苦性寒，禀受金、水二气的精华，从而治疗风热证候。主治头风，是因为金能制风；主治黄疸，是因为水能清热。禀受金气而补益肺脏，所以治疗咳逆；禀受水气而补益膀胱，所以治疗男子淋沥、女子阴中肿痛。燥气属金，所以治疗湿痹导致的肌肉僵硬坏死；水气主骨，所以治疗骨骼关节不能屈伸，以及不能站立行走的症状。
【蓼实/蓼草】
气味：辛，温，无毒。
主治：明目，温中，耐风寒，下水气，面浮肿，痈疡。
（蓼草近水边及低湿处都有生长，种类很多，有青蓼、香蓼、水蓼、马蓼、紫蓼、赤蓼、木蓼七种。又有一种味道极辛辣，称为辣蓼。现今有人将水和面浸泡制成神曲，也有人取干燥粉末拌入糯米饭一团来制作食物，这种做法较为新鲜少见。）
【薇衔】
气味：苦，平，无毒。
主治：风湿痹，历节痛，惊痫，吐舌，悸气，贼风，鼠瘘，痈肿。（“薇”读音同“眉”。）
（薇衔生长在汉中、川泽及冤句、邯郸等地。丛生，叶子像茺蔚。茎有毛且呈红色，《神农本草经》名为麋衔，又名鹿衔，意思是麋鹿生病时衔食此草即可痊愈。又名吴风草。李时珍说：按郦道元《水经注》记载：魏兴、锡山多生长薇衔草，有风不倒伏，无风独自摇动，那么“吴风”应当通“无风”才说得通。）
按：《月令》记载五月鹿角解，十一月麋角解，说明麋与鹿有阴阳之分。此草禀受少阴水火之气，因此麋鹿都适宜，就像乌药（Wuyao, Lindera Root）治疗猫狗疾病一样。《素问》中黄帝问道：有人患病身体发热、懈怠懒惰、汗出如浴、恶风、少气，这是什么病？岐伯回答：病名叫酒风，用泽泻、白术各三分，麋衔五分，合在一起用三指撮取，作为饭后服（后饭，即先服药后进食）。这是圣人的方剂，但后世不知道使用它，确实是缺失的典章制度啊。
[Baijiang (Patrinia Herb)]
Odor and Flavor: Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Indications: Acute fire-heat sores, redness and qi stagnation, scabies and itching, carbuncles and hemorrhoids, heat sensation in the saddle area of horses.
(Patrinia vulgarly known as bitter vegetable, is found in fields and wilderness everywhere. It sprouts in early spring and withers only in deep winter; wild people often consume it.)
Baijiang has a bitter taste and cold nature, thus treating acute fire-heat sores and redness. Scabies, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and the heat sensation in the horse's saddle area are all diseases caused by fire-heat. The "horse" is considered an animal associated with fire. In the *Jingui Yaolue*, there is a formula called Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San (Coix Seed and Aconite Decoction with Patrinia), which also treats intestinal abscesses and dissipates heat toxins.
[Baixianpi (Dictamni Cortex)]
Odor and Flavor: Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
Indications: Head wind, jaundice, cough and reverse flow of qi, dysuria, swelling and pain in the female genitalia, damp-bi syndrome with necrotic muscle, inability to flex, extend, stand, or walk.
(Baixian grows in Hezhong, Jiangning, Chuzhou, Runzhou, etc., with those from Sichuan being superior. The plant is over a chi tall, with green stems and slightly white leaves, blooming purple-white flowers in April. The root bark is white, the root heart is solid inside, and it has a fishy, mutton-like odor.)
Baixian has a fishy odor, white color, bitter taste, and cold nature. It inherits the essence of Metal and Water, thereby treating wind-heat syndromes. It treats head wind because Metal controls Wind; it treats jaundice because Water clears Heat. By inheriting Metal qi, it benefits the Lung, thus treating cough and reverse flow of qi. By inheriting Water qi, it benefits the Bladder, thus treating dysuria in men and swelling/pain in the female genitalia. Dryness belongs to Metal, so it treats necrotic muscle caused by damp-bi. Water governs bones, so it treats skeletal joints that cannot flex or extend, and the inability to stand or walk.
[Liao (Polygonum Herb/Seed)]
Odor and Flavor: Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
Indications: Improves vision, warms the Middle Jiao, resists wind-cold, promotes urination for water retention, reduces facial edema, treats carbuncles and ulcers.
(Polygonum grows near water banks and damp places, with many varieties including Qingliao, Xiangliao, Shuiliao, Maliao, Ziliao, Chiliao, and Muliao. Another variety is extremely pungent, called Laliao. Currently, some soak it with water and flour to make Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), while others take dried powder mixed with glutinous rice to form a ball for food preparation, a practice that is quite novel.)
[Weixian (Dichondrae Herba)]
Odor and Flavor: Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Indications: Wind-damp bi syndrome, joint pain throughout the body, convulsions and epilepsy, protrusion of the tongue, palpitations due to qi disturbance, thief wind, scrofula (rat fistula), carbuncles and swellings. ("Wei" is pronounced like "Mei".)
(Weixian grows in Hanzhong, wetlands, Yuanju, and Handan. It grows in clumps, leaves resemble Chenwei (Perilla frutescens). Stems have hairs and are reddish. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* names it Mixian, also known as Luxian, meaning sika deer or roe deer carry this herb when sick to recover. It is also called Wufeng Cao (Wu Wind Grass). Li Shizhen stated: According to Li Daoyuan's *Shuijing Zhu*, Weixian grows abundantly in Weixing and Xishan; it does not bend in the wind but sways alone without wind. Thus, "Wu Feng" should be read as "Wu Feng" (No Wind) to make sense.)
Note: The *Yueling* records that deer antlers shed in the fifth month and sika deer antlers shed in the eleventh month, indicating a yin-yang distinction between them. This herb inherits the Qi of Shaoyin Fire and Water, making it suitable for both sika deer and roe deer, just as Wuyao (Lindera Root) is used for cats and dogs. In the *Suwen*, the Yellow Emperor asked: There is a patient with fever, lethargy, sweating like bathing, aversion to wind, and shortness of breath. What disease is this? Qibo replied: The disease is named Jiufeng (Alcohol Wind), treated with Zexie (Alisma Rhizome) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) each 3 parts, and Mixian (Dichondrae Herba) 5 parts. Combined and taken as a pinch of three fingers, administered after meals (Houfan means taking medicine before eating). This is a sage's formula, yet later generations did not know to use it, which is indeed a missing canonical practice.