味苦，性微寒。
散结消肿，软坚解毒。乳房生块，颈部瘰 。鼻 难通少通多塞，苍耳芙蓉，同施有益。
土贝母与川贝之润肺，浙贝之止咳不同，旨在消肿，兼能解毒。鼻内肿窄，而气难通。并非
息肉者，与芙蓉叶、苍
耳子、白芷、菖蒲、路路通等同行有益。同时，可用冰片、白芷二药
，共研吸之。
味苦、咸，性寒，无毒。入肾经。反甘草。
消瘰 瘿瘤，散症瘕痈肿。
苦能泄结，寒能涤热，咸能软坚，故主疗如上。
脾家有湿者勿服。
味咸，性寒，无毒。入肾经。洗净。
顽痰结气，积聚瘿瘤。
咸能软坚，噎证恒用之，取其祛老痰也。
昆布之性，雄于海藻，不可多服，令人瘦削。
味苦，性寒，无毒。入肝、肾二经。
清解热毒，治面颊肿。败杨梅恶气、理发背疮痈。血闭宜求、症瘕须用。
此草专以驱逐为长，疮症久而虚者，斟酌用之。咽肿连颊，饮汁甚效，盖其行血活血，
消肿
解毒之功也。
性、味、归经、畏、恶详见治痰药皂荚条。
其性锐利，直达疮区。山甲相伍，穿透痈疽。
为痈疽、妒乳、丁肿未溃之神药。醋熬嫩刺，涂癣有效。痈疽已溃者勿服。孕妇忌用。
味辛、苦，性平，无毒。入脾、肝二经。
活血凉血，解毒止痛，内可消疽，金疮痈肿。瘰 隐疹，吐衄皆用。外治牙疼、骨哽能
通。
此香性粘腻，能去风燥。对外症内服外用均宜，故小金丹中用之。又藏书家除夕每用以
熏书
，谓可辟 鱼。
【土贝母】
味苦，性微寒。
具有散结消肿、软坚解毒的功效。用于治疗乳房生块（乳腺肿块）、颈部瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）。对于鼻息肉导致鼻塞严重而通气困难的情况，将苍耳子与芙蓉叶配合使用有益。
土贝母与川贝母的润肺功效不同，也与浙贝母的止咳功效不同，其作用重点在于消肿，同时兼具解毒功能。针对鼻内肿胀狭窄导致气息难以通畅的症状（并非息肉阻塞者），与芙蓉叶、苍耳子、白芷、石菖蒲、路路通等药物同用有益。此外，也可单独使用冰片和白芷两味药，共同研磨成粉吸入鼻腔。
【白胶香】
味苦、咸，性寒，无毒。归肾经。与甘草相反。
能够消除瘰疬和瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大），消散症瘕（腹内结块）和痈肿。
苦味能泄降郁结，寒性能清除热邪，咸味能软化坚硬之物，因此主治上述病症。
脾脏有湿气的患者禁止服用。
【昆布】
味咸，性寒，无毒。归肾经。需洗净后使用。
用于治疗顽固痰浊凝结之气，以及积聚形成的瘿瘤。
咸味能软化坚硬之物，治疗噎膈证（吞咽困难）时常使用此药，取其祛除老痰的作用。
昆布的药性比海藻猛烈，不可多服，否则会导致人体消瘦。
【败酱草】
味苦，性寒，无毒。归肝、肾二经。
能够清解热毒，治疗面颊肿胀。可消除杨梅疮（梅毒）的恶气，治疗理发不当引发的背疮痈肿。血闭不通宜用此药，症瘕积聚也须使用。
此草特长在于驱逐邪气，若疮疡症状日久导致正气虚弱者，需斟酌使用。咽喉肿痛牵连面颊时，饮用其汁液效果显著，这是因为它具有行血活血、消肿解毒的功效。
【穿山甲】
其性味、归经及畏恶关系详见治痰药皂荚条。
其药性锐利，能直达疮疡病灶区域。与山甲（即穿山甲鳞片）配伍，具有穿透痈疽的作用。
是治疗痈疽、妒乳（急性乳腺炎）、疔肿尚未溃破时的神药。用醋熬煮嫩刺，涂抹于癣疾处有效。痈疽已经溃破者禁止服用。孕妇忌用。
【白胶香】
味辛、苦，性平，无毒。归脾、肝二经。
能够活血凉血，解毒止痛。内服可消除疽病，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）和痈肿。瘰疬隐疹（皮肤瘙痒起疹），吐血衄血皆可使用。外治牙疼、骨哽（鱼刺卡喉）能使其通畅。
此香性质粘腻，能去除风燥。对外科病症既适合内服也适合外用，因此小金丹方剂中使用了它。另外，藏书家在除夕夜常用来熏书，据说可以辟除蠹虫（书虫）。
[Radix Fritillariae Thunbergii]
Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature.
It dissipates nodules, reduces swelling, softens hardness, and resolves toxicity. It is indicated for breast lumps (mammary masses) and scrofula (cervical lymph node tuberculosis). For nasal polyps causing severe nasal congestion with difficulty in breathing, using Xanthium Fructus (Cang Er Zi) together with Hibiscus Mutabilis Leaf (Fu Rong Ye) is beneficial.
Tu Beimu differs from Chuan Beimu in its ability to moisten the lungs, and from Zhe Beimu in its ability to stop coughing; its primary aim is to reduce swelling, while also possessing detoxifying properties. For conditions where internal nasal swelling and narrowing cause difficult airflow (not caused by polyps), it is beneficial to use it in combination with Hibiscus Mutabilis Leaf, Xanthium Fructus, Angelica Dahurica Root (Bai Zhi), Acorus Tatarinowii Rhizome (Shi Chang Pu), and Liquidambar Formosana Fruit (Lu Lu Tong). Additionally, Borneolum Syntheticum (Bing Pian) and Angelica Dahurica Root can be ground together into powder and insufflated into the nose.
[Bai Jiao Xiang / Dragon's Blood Resin]
Bitter and salty in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney Meridian. Incompatible with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao).
It eliminates scrofula and goiter (thyroid enlargement), and dissipates zheng jia (abdominal masses) and carbuncles and sores.
The bitter taste can drain stagnation, the cold nature can wash away heat, and the salty taste can soften hardness; thus, it treats the aforementioned conditions.
Patients with dampness in the Spleen should not take this herb.
[Kelp]
Salty in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney Meridian. Must be washed clean before use.
It treats stubborn phlegm condensation and qi stagnation, as well as accumulations forming goiters.
The salty nature softens hardness; it is commonly used in treating dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) to remove old phlegm.
The nature of Kelp is more potent than Sargassum Herba (Hai Zao); it should not be taken in large amounts, as it may cause emaciation.
[Patrinia Scabiosifolia Root]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians.
It clears and resolves heat toxins, treating facial swelling. It eliminates foul odors from ymei chuang (syphilitic sores) and treats back carbuncles caused by improper hairdressing. It is suitable for blood closure and must be used for zheng jia (abdominal masses).
This herb excels at expelling pathogens. For chronic sores that have led to deficiency, it should be used with caution. When throat swelling extends to the cheeks, drinking its juice is very effective, owing to its functions of promoting blood circulation, invigorating blood, reducing swelling, and resolving toxicity.
[Pangolin Scale]
For its nature, taste, meridian tropism, and incompatibilities, refer to the entry for Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fang Feng) under the section on phlegm-resolving herbs.
Its nature is sharp and penetrating, reaching directly to the area of the sore. Paired with Pangolin Scales, it penetrates carbuncles and deep-seated abscesses.
It is a miraculous medicine for carbuncles, acute mastitis, and furuncles that have not yet ulcerated. Tender thorns boiled in vinegar are effective when applied topically for tinea. It is contraindicated for patients whose carbuncles have already ulcerated. Pregnant women should avoid it.
[Bai Jiao Xiang / Dragon's Blood Resin]
Pungent and bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen and Liver meridians.
It invigorates blood, cools blood, resolves toxicity, and relieves pain. Internally, it can eliminate deep-seated abscesses and treat traumatic injuries and carbuncles. It is used for scrofula, hidden rashes, hematemesis, and epistaxis. Externally, it treats toothache and helps dislodge fish bones stuck in the throat.
This resin has a sticky and greasy nature, capable of dispelling wind and dryness. It is suitable for both internal and external use in surgical conditions, hence its inclusion in Xiao Jin Dan. Furthermore, book collectors traditionally burn it on New Year's Eve to fumigate books, believing it repels bookworms.