味甘、性平，无毒。入脾经。忌生葱。凡蜜一斤，入水四两，磁器中炼去沫，滴水不散
为度
和百药而解诸毒。安五脏而补诸虚。润大肠而悦颜色，调脾胃而除心烦。同姜汁行初成
之痢，同薤白涂汤火之疮。
采百花之英，合雨露之气酿成。其气清和，其味甘美，虚实寒热之正，无不相宜也。
大肠虚滑者，虽熟蜜亦在禁例。酸者，食之令人心烦；同葱食害人；同莴苣食，令
人利
下；食蜜饱后，不可食醋，令人暴亡。
味酸，性温，无毒。入肝经。
浇红炭而闻气，产妇房中常起死。涂痈疽而外治，疮科方内屡回生。消心腹之疼，症积尽破。
杀鱼肉之毒，日用恒
宜。
陈藏器曰∶“多食损筋骨、损胃、损颜色。”
味咸，性寒，无毒。入肾经。
擦齿而止痛，洗目而去风。二便闭结，纳导随通。心腹烦疼，服吐即愈。治疝与辟邪有
益，痰停与霍乱无妨。
润下作咸，咸走肾。喘嗽、水胀、消渴，大忌食盐，或引痰生，或凝血脉，或助水邪，多食
损颜色，伤筋力。故西
北人不耐咸，少病多寿，东南人嗜咸，少寿多病。青盐，功用相同，入肝散风。
味辛，性大热，有毒。入胃、大肠二经。
温中下气，消风去痰。食积与快膈称良，腹痛与胃寒共治。
阴虚火旺之人忌用。毕澄茄即胡椒之大者，乃一类二种，亦易僭上。
味甘，性平，无毒。归脾经。忌与生葱同食。凡是蜜一斤，加入水四两，在瓷器中熬炼至泡沫去除，滴入水中不散开为度。能调和百药并解除各种毒素。安定五脏并补益各种虚损。滋润大肠并美容颜，调理脾胃并消除心烦。配合姜汁可治疗初成的痢疾，配合薤白外涂可治疗烫伤和火伤。采集百花的花蕊，融合雨露之气酿成。它的气清和，味道甘美，对于虚实寒热等各种证候，没有不适宜的。
大肠虚滑者，即使是熟蜜也在禁忌之列。味酸的（醋），食用后令人心烦；与葱同食伤害人；与莴苣同食，令人腹泻；吃饱蜂蜜后，不可再吃醋，令人突然死亡。
味酸，性温，无毒。归肝经。将红炭烧红浇酒后闻其气味，产妇房中常能起死回生。外涂治疗痈疽疮疡，外科方剂中屡次救活生命。消除心腹疼痛，症积全部破除。杀死鱼肉之毒，日常饮食恒常适宜。陈藏器说：“多食损伤筋骨、损伤胃气、损伤容颜。”
味咸，性寒，无毒。归肾经。擦拭牙齿可止痛，清洗眼睛可祛风。二便闭结，纳入导引即可通畅。心腹烦痛，服用催吐剂即愈。治疗疝气和辟邪有益，痰停和霍乱无妨。润下作咸，咸味走肾。喘嗽、水胀、消渴，大忌食盐，或者引动痰湿，或者凝滞血脉，或者助长水邪，多食损伤容颜，损伤筋力。所以西北人不耐受咸味，少病多寿；东南人嗜好咸味，少寿多病。青盐，功用相同，入肝散风。
味辛，性大热，有毒。归胃、大肠二经。温中降气，消风祛痰。食积与快膈称为良药，腹痛与胃寒共同治疗。阴虚火旺之人忌用。毕澄茄即胡椒中较大的品种，乃一类两种，也容易引起气机上逆。
Taste sweet, nature neutral, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen Meridian. Avoid raw green onion. For every one jin of honey, add four liang of water, refine in a porcelain vessel until foam is removed; the degree is reached when a drop does not disperse in water. It harmonizes hundred herbs and resolves various toxins. Calms the five zang organs and tonifies various deficiencies. Moistens the large intestine and beautifies complexion, regulates the spleen and stomach and eliminates mental restlessness. Combined with ginger juice, it treats newly formed dysentery; combined with Allium macrostemon (Xiebai) applied externally, it treats burns and scalds.
It gathers the essence of a hundred flowers and combines with the qi of rain and dew to ferment. Its qi is clear and mild, its taste sweet and beautiful; for patterns of deficiency-excess and cold-heat, there is none that is not suitable.
For those with deficiency and slipping of the Large Intestine, even refined honey is contraindicated. Sour substances (Vinegar), when ingested, cause mental restlessness; eating with green onion harms the person; eating with lettuce causes diarrhea; after eating honey to fullness, vinegar must not be eaten, causing sudden death.
Taste sour, nature warm, non-toxic. Enters the Liver Meridian. Pouring wine on red-hot charcoal and inhaling the aroma often brings the dead back to life in the delivery room. Applying externally to treat carbuncles and sores, surgical formulas have repeatedly revived patients. Eliminates pain in the heart and abdomen, completely breaks up mass accumulations. Kills the toxicity of fish and meat, suitable for daily use. Chen Cangqi said: "Excessive consumption damages sinews and bones, damages the Stomach, and damages the complexion."
Taste salty, nature cold, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney Meridian. Rubbing teeth relieves pain, washing eyes dispels wind. For constipation of both stool and urine, insertion or guidance leads to immediate passage. For mental and abdominal irritability and pain, taking an emetic leads to recovery. Beneficial for treating hernia and warding off evil influences, harmless for phlegm retention and cholera-like disease.
Moistening downward produces saltiness; salty flavor travels to the Kidney. For asthma and cough, edema, and wasting-thirst, strict avoidance of table salt is necessary, as it may either draw out phlegm, coagulate blood vessels, or assist water pathogenic factors. Excessive consumption damages the complexion and injures sinew strength. Therefore, people in the Northwest are intolerant of saltiness, having few illnesses and long lives; people in the Southeast are fond of saltiness, having short lives and many illnesses. Green salt has the same functions but enters the Liver to disperse wind.
Taste pungent, nature greatly hot, toxic. Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. Warms the middle and directs qi downward, dispels wind and resolves phlegm. Excellent for food stagnation and promoting diaphragmatic comfort; jointly treats abdominal pain and stomach cold.
Contraindicated for individuals with yin deficiency and hyperactive fire. Bi Chengqie (Piperis Longi Fructus) is the larger variety of Piper nigrum (Hu Jiao); they belong to the same category but different species, and can also easily cause rebellious qi to ascend.