（菊之品凡百种。自生茎叶花色。品品不同。性单叶花小而黄绿。叶色深小而薄。九
月应候而开者是也。邓州白菊单叶者亦入药。余皆医经不用。其茎有株蔓紫赤青绿之殊。其
叶有大小浓薄尖秃之异。其花有千叶单叶。有心无心。有子无子。黄白红紫间色深浅大
小之别。其味有甘苦辛之辨。又有夏菊秋菊冬菊之分。大抵惟以单叶味甘者入药。菊谱
所载甘菊、邓州黄、
邓州白者是也。）
【气味】
苦平无毒。又苦甘寒。可升可降。阴中微阳也。黄者入金水阴分。白者入金水阳分
。红者行妇人血分。盖其性属土与金有水与火。
【主治】
诸风头眩肿痛。目欲脱泪出。皮肤死肌。恶风湿痹。久服利血气。轻身耐老延年。
补阴血而养目益肝木。祛身上一切游风。目脱泪出。盖补水所以制火。益金所以平木。木平
则
损人胃气。即野菊花也。色
黄而小。心如莲子。治痈肿疔毒瘰 眼 。
【气味】
苦平有毒。阳中阴也。
【主治】
咳逆上气。喉痹咽痛。散结气。腹中邪逆。食饮大热。苦酒摩涂毒肿。治疰气。消
瘀血。通女人月闭。消痰。破症结胸膈满腹胀气喘 癖。开胃下食。镇肝明目。治肺气喉痹
为佳。射干属金有木与火。行太阴厥阴之积痰。使结核自消甚捷。又治湿气因疲劳而发。变
为便毒。又能降火。故古方治痹咽痛为要药。仲景治咳而上气。喉中作水鸡声者。有射干麻
黄汤。又治疟母有鳖甲煎丸亦用射干。皆取其降厥阴相火。火降则血散肿消。痰结自解。瘕
坚自破也。
菊花这类药材共有上百种。它们各自生长的茎、叶和花的颜色，品种各不相同。性（指单叶菊）的叶子小而呈黄绿色，叶片颜色深、小且薄，在九月按时令开花的就是这种。邓州产的白菊中单叶的品种也可以入药，其余的都未被医书所采用。它的茎有株状、蔓状，颜色有紫、赤、青、绿的区别；它的叶子有大、小、浓、薄、尖、秃的不同；它的花有千叶、单叶之分，有心花、无心花之别，有子、无子之异，颜色有黄、白、红、紫及间色，深浅、大小也有差异；它的味道有甘、苦、辛的区别，又有夏菊、秋菊、冬菊的分类。大体上只有单叶且味甘的菊花才入药，《菊谱》中记载的甘菊、邓州黄菊、邓州白菊就是这类。
【气味】
味苦，性平，无毒。又说味苦、甘，性寒。药气可升可降，属于阴中有微阳的性质。黄色的菊花进入金、水二脏的阴分；白色的菊花进入金、水二脏的阳分；红色的菊花通行妇女的血分。大概是因为它的性质属土与金，兼具水与火的特性。
【主治】
各种头风引起的头晕、头痛、肿痛，眼睛感觉要脱出、流泪，皮肤死肌，恶风湿痹。长期服用能通利血气，使身体轻健，耐老延年。它能补阴血以养目益肝木，祛除身上所有的游风。对于眼睛欲脱、流泪的症状，是因为补水所以能制约火邪，益金所以能平抑木气。木气平和则不损伤人的胃气。这就是野菊花，花色黄而小，花心像莲子一样，治疗痈肿、疔毒、瘰疬等症。
【气味】
味苦，性平，有毒。属于阳中有阴的性质。
【主治】
咳嗽气逆，喉痹咽痛。能消散结聚之气，治疗腹中邪气逆乱，饮食积热。用醋研磨外涂可治毒肿。治疗注病（一种慢性传染病或症状），消除瘀血，通调女子月经闭止，消痰，破除症结、胸膈满闷、腹胀、气喘、癖块。能开胃进食。能镇肝明目。治疗肺气引起的喉痹效果最佳。射干属金，兼具木与火的特性。能行太阴、厥阴经的积痰，使结核自然消散，速度很快。又能治疗因疲劳引发的湿气，变为便毒（肛周脓肿等）。又能降火，所以古方中治疗痹证、咽痛是重要药物。张仲景治疗咳嗽且气逆，喉咙里发出像水鸡叫声的患者，有射干麻黄汤。又治疗疟母（疟疾形成的痞块）用的鳖甲煎丸中也用到射干，都是取其降低厥阴相火的作用，火降则血散肿消，痰结自然解开，坚硬的瘕块自然破裂。
There are hundreds of varieties of Chrysanthemum (Ju Hua, 菊花). Their stems, leaves, and flower colors vary from one variety to another. The "Xing" type has small yellow-green flowers, with deep-colored, small, and thin leaves; it blooms in the ninth month according to the seasonal climate. Single-leaf white Chrysanthemum from Dengzhou is also used in medicine, while the rest are not utilized in medical classics. Its stems differ in being stalk-like or vine-like, and in colors such as purple, red, green, and blue-green. Its leaves vary in size, density, thickness, shape (pointed or blunt), and texture. Its flowers differ in having multiple petals or single petals, a central disk or none, bearing seeds or not. Colors range from yellow, white, red, purple, to mixed shades, with variations in depth and size. Flavors include sweet, bitter, and pungent, and there are summer, autumn, and winter chrysanthemums. Generally, only single-leaf chrysanthemum with a sweet taste is used medicinally. These include the Sweet Chrysanthemum (Gan Ju, 甘菊), Dengzhou Yellow Chrysanthemum, and Dengzhou White Chrysanthemum recorded in *Ju Pu* (Chrysanthemum Catalogue).
[Properties and Flavor]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Also described as bitter, sweet, and cold. It can ascend and descend, belonging to Yin with slight Yang characteristics. Yellow varieties enter the Yin aspects of Metal and Water organs; white varieties enter the Yang aspects of Metal and Water organs; red varieties circulate in the Blood aspect of women. This is because its nature belongs to Earth and Metal, incorporating Water and Fire.
[Indications]
It treats various types of Head Wind (Tou Feng, 头风) causing dizziness, headache, and swelling; eyes feeling like they are protruding with tearing; dead skin tissue; aversion to wind-dampness and bi-syndrome (Bi Zheng, 痹证). Long-term use benefits Qi and Blood, lightens the body, delays aging, and prolongs life. It tonifies Yin and Blood, nourishes the Eyes, and benefits Liver Wood. It dispels all wandering Wind from the body. For symptoms of protruding eyes and tearing, it works by tonifying Water to control Fire, and benefiting Metal to calm Wood. When Wood is balanced, it does not damage Stomach Qi. This refers to Wild Chrysanthemum (Ye Ju Hua, 野菊花), which has small yellow flowers with a lotus-seed-like center, treating carbuncles, sores, scrofula, and other swellings.
[Properties and Flavor]
Bitter, neutral, toxic. Belongs to Yang with Yin characteristics.
[Indications]
It treats cough with rebellious Qi, throat obstruction (Hou Bi, 喉痹), and sore throat. It dissipates stagnant Qi, treats rebellious evil Qi in the abdomen, and excessive heat from food and drink. Applied externally with vinegar for toxic swellings. It treats Zhu disease (Zhu Qi, 注气, a type of chronic infectious or lingering illness), resolves blood stasis, unblocks amenorrhea in women, resolves phlegm, breaks up masses, chest and diaphragm fullness, abdominal distension, asthma, and fixed masses (Pi Ke, 癖块). It opens the stomach and promotes appetite. It calms the Liver and brightens the eyes. It is excellent for treating Lung Qi-related throat obstruction. She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome, 射干) belongs to Metal, possessing Wood and Fire characteristics. It moves accumulated Phlegm in the Taiyin and Jueyin meridians, causing nodules to dissolve quickly. It also treats dampness triggered by fatigue, transforming into perianal abscesses (Bian Du, 便毒). It descends Fire, making it a key herb in ancient formulas for treating Bi syndrome and sore throats. Zhang Zhongjing's formula for cough with rebellious Qi and a sound in the throat resembling a water frog is She Gan Ma Huang Tang (Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction, 射干麻黄汤). It is also used in Bie Jia Jian Wan (Soft-Shelled Turtle Pill, 鳖甲煎丸) for treating Malaria Mass (Nuo Mu, 疟母). Both applications utilize its ability to descend Ministerial Fire of the Jueyin meridian; when Fire descends, blood disperses, swelling subsides, phlegm nodules resolve, and hard masses break apart.