（采根。用糯米浓泔水汁浸一宿。其醒秽气并浮在水面上。须重重淘过。即蒸之。从巳
至申。取晒切用。）
【气味】
苦寒无毒。气沉纯阴。入足少阴肾经君药也。
【主治】
心腹结气症瘕积聚黄胆。溺有余沥。逐水。除痈肿。补中明目止泪。治腹中冷痛。
中恶腹痛。养肝胆气。安五脏。平胃气。令人嗜食。轻身定志。益精利九窍。除伏热肠癖。
止渴醒酒。小便黄赤。疗恶疮下部 。治恶虫胫酸。杀疳虫。炒存性米饮服。治肠风泻血并
热痢。渍酒饮治疥杀虫。生疮赤癞眉脱。除大热嗜睡。治热毒风皮肌烦躁。李时珍曰。子午
乃少阴君火对化。故苦参黄柏之苦寒。皆能补肾。盖取其苦燥湿寒除热也。热生风。湿生虫
。
故又能治风杀虫。惟肾水弱而相火胜者用之相宜。若火衰精冷。真元不足。及年高之人不可
用耳。
恶（贝母 兔丝 漏芦） 反（藜芦）
【气味】
甘苦平微寒无毒。浮而升阳也。为足阳明太阴引经之药。取理白外黑而紧实者谓之
鬼脸升麻。去须及头芦用。
【主治】
辟瘟疫疠气。头痛。喉痛。口疮。时气热疾。牙根浮烂恶臭。引葱白散阳明风邪。
引石膏止阳明齿痛。引人参黄 而上行。同柴胡引生发之气而上行。同葛根发阳明之汗。故
升麻葛根汤为阳明发散之主方。若初发太阳症便用之。必传阳明。反成其害。又升麻能解痘
毒。惟初发热时可用。已出后则气弱不可用也。痘后泄泻亦可炒用。见 则忌解散不可用也
。衄血吐血犀角地黄汤。无犀角以升麻代犀角。非升麻能代犀角。能引地黄及诸药入阳明经
也。太阳症兀兀自汗者。为表虚并不可用。太阳兀兀无汗者。宜用此以发之。
葛根
【气味】
甘辛平无毒。升也阳也。为阳明经行经之药。
【主治】
消渴身大热。疗伤寒中风头痛。解肌发表出汗。开腠理。其气轻浮。鼓舞胃气上行
。朱氏云。凡头痛如破。投以莲须葱白汤而不已者。以葛根葱白汤主之。似乎葛根又为太阳
之药。不知仲景之治太阳阳明合病。桂枝汤内加麻黄葛根。又有葛根黄连黄芩解肌汤。是因
此以是断太阳入阳明之路。非即太阳药也。虽然葛根固能断太阳入阳明之路。孰知太阳初病
未入阳明而头痛者。不可便服升麻葛根之发剂。反能引邪气入阳明为引贼破家之害欤。又仲
景
治伤寒有葛根汤。以主大热解肌发腠理。若 痘之症葛根汤亦为对剂。孰知 痘已见红点。
则不可复用升麻葛根汤。致重虚其表。而增 烂之患也。又或谓葛根为治脾虚作渴之仙药。
复云不可多用。多用则恐伤其胃气何也。孰知脾者津液之府。脾气不伸。则津液耗竭。得葛
根以升发其阳。则脾得所生。若误认为脾药而过发不已。则胃气何得无伤乎。
（采集根部。用浓糯米泔水浸泡一夜。其腥秽之气并浮在水面上。必须多次淘洗。然后蒸制。从巳时到申时。取出晒干切片使用。）
【气味】
味苦性寒，无毒。气机沉降，属纯阴之品。入足少阴肾经，作为君药。
【主治】
心腹结气、症瘕积聚、黄疸。小便余沥不尽。逐水消肿。消除痈肿。补益中气、明目止泪。治疗腹中冷痛。中恶腹痛。养护肝胆之气。安定五脏。调和胃气。使人增进食欲。轻身定志。益精利九窍。清除伏热引起的肠癖。止渴醒酒。治疗小便黄赤。疗治恶疮及下部病变。治疗恶虫引起的胫部酸痛。杀灭疳虫。炒至存性，用米饮送服。治疗肠风泻血及热痢。浸酒饮用可治疗疥癣杀虫。治疗生疮、赤癞、眉毛脱落。清除大热引起的嗜睡。治疗热毒风邪导致的皮肤肌肉烦躁。李时珍说：子午之时乃少阴君火对化之时，所以苦参、黄柏的苦寒之性，都能补肾。大概取其苦能燥湿、寒能除热的功效。热生风，湿生虫。所以又能治疗风疾、杀虫。只有肾水虚弱而相火偏胜者使用才适宜。如果火衰精冷，真元不足，以及年老之人不可使用。
【气味】
味甘、苦，性平，微寒，无毒。气浮而升阳。为足阳明、太阴经的引经药。选取外皮白色、内部黑色且质地紧实的称为“鬼脸升麻”。去掉须根及头芦部分使用。
【主治】
辟除瘟疫疠气。头痛。喉痛。口疮。时行热病。牙根浮烂恶臭。引导葱白疏散阳明风邪。引导石膏止住阳明齿痛。引导人参、黄芪药力上行。同柴胡一起引导生发之气上行。同葛根一起发散阳明之汗。所以升麻葛根汤是阳明经发散的主方。如果初起太阳证就使用它，必然传入阳明经，反而造成危害。另外升麻能解痘毒，只有在初发热时可用。痘疹已发出后则因气弱不可使用。痘后泄泻也可以炒用。见到斑疹隐没不出则忌用解散法，不可使用。鼻衄、吐血用犀角地黄汤。无犀角时用升麻代替犀角。并非升麻能替代犀角，而是能引导地黄及其他药物进入阳明经。太阳证出现兀兀自汗者，属于表虚，均不可使用。太阳证出现兀兀无汗者，宜用此药以发散之。
【气味】
味甘、辛，性平，无毒。主升、主阳。为阳明经行经之药。
【主治】
消渴、身体大热。治疗伤寒中风头痛。解肌发表出汗。开泄腠理。其气轻浮，鼓舞胃气上行。朱氏说：凡是头痛剧烈如破，投用莲须葱白汤无效的，用葛根葱白汤主治。似乎葛根又是太阳经的药。不知道张仲景治疗太阳阳明合病，在桂枝汤内加麻黄、葛根。又有葛根黄连黄芩解肌汤。这是因此来判断太阳传入阳明之路径，并非即太阳经药。虽然葛根确实能阻断太阳传入阳明之路，但谁知道太阳初病未入阳明而头痛者，不可立即服用升麻葛根的发表剂，反而能引邪气入阳明，成为引贼破家的祸害吗？另外张仲景治疗伤寒有葛根汤，用以主治大热、解肌、发腠理。如果是痘疹病症，葛根汤也是对证之剂。但谁知道痘疹已见红点，则不可再复用升麻葛根汤，导致重虚其表，而增加溃烂的患害啊。又有人说葛根是治疗脾虚作渴的仙药。又说不可多用。多用则恐怕损伤其胃气，为什么呢？谁知道脾是津液之府，脾气不伸展，则津液耗竭。得到葛根以升发其阳气，则脾得其所生。如果误认为它是脾药而过分发散不止，那么胃气怎么会不受损伤呢？
(Collect the roots. Soak them overnight in thick rice washing water. The foul odor will float on the surface. Must be washed repeatedly. Then steam them. From Si hour to Shen hour, take out, dry in the sun, and slice for use.)
[Flavor and Properties]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Qi sinks, belonging to pure Yin. Enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian, serving as the Sovereign herb (Jun Yao).
[Indications]
Chest and abdominal qi stagnation, masses and accumulations (Zheng Jia Ji Ju), jaundice. Dribbling after urination. Draining water retention. Eliminating carbuncles and swellings. Tonifying the Middle Jiao, brightening the eyes, and stopping tearing. Treating cold pain in the abdomen. Abdominal pain due to sudden evil invasion. Nourishing Liver and Gallbladder Qi. Calming the Five Zang organs. Harmonizing Stomach Qi. Increasing appetite. Lightening the body and stabilizing the mind. Benefiting essence and opening the nine orifices. Clearing latent heat causing intestinal dysentery. Stopping thirst and sobering up from alcohol. Treating yellow-red urine. Healing malignant sores and lower body lesions. Treating shin soreness caused by malicious parasites. Killing gut worms. Stir-fried until carbonized but retaining its nature, taken with rice decoction. Treating intestinal wind bleeding and hot dysentery. Soaked in wine and drunk to treat scabies and kill parasites. Treating sores, erythema, alopecia of eyebrows. Clearing high fever causing somnolence. Treating skin and muscle irritability caused by hot toxic wind pathogen. Li Shizhen said: Zi and Wu hours correspond to the transformation of Shaoyin Ministerial Fire. Therefore, the bitter-cold nature of Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) can both tonify the Kidney. This is likely due to their ability to dry dampness with bitterness and remove heat with cold. Heat generates wind; dampness generates insects. Thus, they can also treat wind diseases and kill parasites. They are suitable only for those with weak Kidney Water and victorious Ministerial Fire. If there is fire decline, cold essence, insufficiency of true Yuan Qi, or in elderly people, they should not be used.
Incompatible with (Beimu [Fritillariae Bulbus], Tusizi [Cuscutae Semen], Loulu [Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba]). Counteracted by (Lilu [Veratri Rhizoma]).
[Flavor and Properties]
Sweet, bitter, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Floats and raises Yang. It is a guiding herb for the Foot-Yangming Stomach and Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridians. Select those with white exterior, black interior, and dense texture, called "Ghost Face Shengma". Remove rootlets and head rhizome before use.
[Indications]
Warding off epidemic pestilence and miasma. Headache. Sore throat. Mouth ulcers. Seasonal febrile diseases. Floating and rotting gums with foul odor. Guiding Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) to disperse Wind-Cold in the Yangming meridian. Guiding Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to stop toothache in the Yangming meridian. Guiding Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix) to ascend. Combined with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to guide ascending and generating Qi upward. Combined with Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) to induce sweating in the Yangming meridian. Therefore, Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae and Pueraria Decoction) is the main formula for dispersing in the Yangming meridian. If used initially when Taiyang syndrome appears, it will inevitably transmit to the Yangming meridian, causing harm. Additionally, Shengma can resolve toxin from smallpox/measles, but only usable during initial fever. After eruption, it should not be used due to Qi deficiency. For diarrhea after smallpox/measles, it can be stir-fried. If macules do not emerge, dispersing methods are contraindicated, and it should not be used. For epistaxis and hematemesis, Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) is indicated. If Rhinoceros horn is unavailable, Shengma can substitute for it. Not because Shengma replaces Rhinoceros horn, but because it guides Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and other herbs into the Yangming meridian. For Taiyang syndrome with spontaneous sweating, which indicates exterior deficiency, it is generally contraindicated. For Taiyang syndrome with absence of sweating, this herb is suitable to induce dispersion.
Gegen
[Flavor and Properties]
Sweet, pungent, neutral, non-toxic. Ascending and Yang-raising. It is a meridian-traveling herb for the Yangming meridian.
[Indications]
Xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and high body heat. Treating headache from Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Zhongfeng (Wind Strike). Resolving the muscle layer, releasing the exterior, and inducing sweating. Opening interstices (Cou Li). Its Qi is light and floating, stirring up Stomach Qi to ascend. Zhu Shi said: For severe headaches that persist despite treatment with Lianxu Congbai Tang (Nelumbinis Plumula and Allium Decoction), Gegen Congbai Tang (Pueraria and Allium Decoction) should be used. It seems Gegen is also a Taiyang herb. However, Zhang Zhongjing's treatment of combined Taiyang-Yangming disease adds Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) and Gegen to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). There is also Gegen Huanglian Huangqin Jieji Tang (Pueraria, Coptis, and Scutellaria Muscle-Resolving Decoction). This is to judge the pathway of Taiyang entering Yangming, not necessarily a Taiyang herb itself. Although Gegen can indeed block the path of Taiyang entering Yangming, who knows that for early Taiyang disease without entry into Yangming presenting with headache, one must not immediately administer dispersing agents like Shengma Gegen. Doing so might instead guide pathogens into the Yangming meridian, causing the disaster of "inviting thieves to break the house." Furthermore, Zhang Zhongjing has Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction) for treating Shanghan, primarily for high heat, resolving the muscle layer, and opening interstices. If the condition involves smallpox/measles, Gegen Tang is also an appropriate formula. But who knows that once red spots appear in smallpox/measles, one must not reuse Shengma Gegen Tang, as it would further deplete the exterior and increase the risk of ulceration. Some say Gegen is a miraculous herb for treating thirst due to Spleen deficiency. Yet others say it should not be used in large doses, fearing it damages Stomach Qi. Why? Who knows that the Spleen is the residence of fluids. If Spleen Qi fails to extend, fluids are depleted. With Gegen to raise and generate Yang Qi, the Spleen receives nourishment. If mistakenly treated solely as a Spleen herb and over-dispersed, how could Stomach Qi remain undamaged?