味辛。入足阳明厥阴经。功专解毒胜邪。得黑铅治结阴。得朱砂猪心血治癫痫。雌
黄主治略同。血虚者大忌。阴肿如斗。雄黄矾石各二两。甘草一尺。水五升。煮二升浸之良
。
味甘辛。入足阳明手太阴少阳轻。功专解肌发汗。得桂枝治温疟。得苍术治中 。
得知母甘草粳米治胃腑大热。少壮火热者功效神速。老弱虚寒者祸不旋踵。病邪未入阳明者
。切勿遽投。或因其性太寒。用火 则不甚伤胃。但少用则难见功。且须先煎。鸡子为使。
恶巴豆。畏铁。亦名寒水石。
味甘寒。入足太阳经。功专发汗利小便。得甘草解暑止泻。加红曲治赤痢。加
干姜治白痢。凡脾虚下陷。及精滑有孕。病当发表者均忌。石苇为使。宜甘草。
味甘温酸涩。入手足阳明经。功专浓肠止利。得干姜粳米治下利脓血。得蜀椒附
子治心痛彻背。得故纸等分为末。米饮下。治经水过多。研粉或 研。水飞用。畏芫花。恶
大黄松脂。
味甘平性涩。入手足阳明经。功专镇固下焦。得赤石脂治伤寒下利。得干姜治赤
白带下。得牡蛎乌 骨桂心治崩中带下。是药既能固下。亦能催生。
味甘温。入足阳明经。功专止血消肿。收湿祛痰。治烂腿。去赤翳。得海螵蛸硼
砂各一两。朱砂五钱。研极细末。点目神效。以之 醋淬七次。与儿茶为末。麻油调敷下疳
阴疮。今之黄铜皆炉甘石所点。
【雄黄】
味辛。入足阳明经、足厥阴经。功效专于解毒祛邪。配伍黑铅可治疗结阴病。配伍朱砂和猪心血可治疗癫痫。雌黄的主治作用大致相同。血虚患者大忌使用。对于阴部肿胀如斗大的症状，可用雄黄、矾石各二两，甘草一尺，加水五升，煮取二升药液浸泡患处，效果良好。
【炉甘石】（注：原文此处标题虽未明示，但根据下文“亦名寒水石”及后续描述，实为多段药材介绍，需仔细辨析。观察原文结构，第一段是雄黄。第二段开头“味甘辛...亦名寒水石”，这通常指代另一种矿物药，但在《本草撮要》等古籍中，有时排版紧凑。让我们重新审视原文分段。
原文：
1. 【雄黄】...浸之良。
2. 味甘辛。入足阳明手太阴少阳轻...亦名寒水石。 -> 这段描述的是“石膏”还是“寒水石”？“解肌发汗”、“得桂枝治温疟”、“得知母甘草粳米治胃腑大热”（白虎汤意），且“恶巴豆，畏铁”，“亦名寒水石”。这里存在文本混淆或特定版本差异。通常石膏味甘辛，入肺胃经，清热泻火。寒水石味咸寒。但原文写“味甘辛...亦名寒水石”，且提到“鸡子为使”，这是石膏的特征（石膏用鸡蛋清拌炒或同煎）。然而，“少壮火热者...老弱虚寒者祸不旋踵”符合石膏大寒之性。但“亦名寒水石”这一说法在主流本草中较少见，可能是指某种特定炮制或别名，或者原文有误/异文。不过作为翻译任务，我必须忠实于原文文字。原文说它“味甘辛...入足阳明手太阴少阳...亦名寒水石”。
3. 味甘寒。入足太阳经...石苇为使... -> 这段描述的是“滑石”吗？滑石味甘淡，入膀胱肺经。利小便。这里写“味甘寒...入足太阳经...发汗利小便...加红曲治赤痢...加干姜治白痢”。这更像是滑石的某些用法，但滑石通常味甘淡。或者是指“紫石英”？不，紫石英温。看“凡脾虚下陷...均忌”，滑石利窍，虚者慎用。但“石苇为使”提示可能与利尿通淋有关。实际上，这段描述极有可能是**滑石**，尽管味道描述略有出入（滑石甘淡平/微寒），或者是指**寒水石**的另一种写法？不，上一段结尾说了“亦名寒水石”。让我们再看下一段。
4. 味甘温酸涩。入手足阳明经...浓肠止利... -> 这是**禹余粮**或**赤石脂**？赤石脂味甘酸涩，入大肠胃经，收涩止血。这里写“入手足阳明”，“治心痛彻背”（乌头赤石脂丸意），“治经水过多”。这符合赤石脂的特征。
5. 味甘平性涩。入手足阳明经...镇固下焦...治伤寒下利...赤白带下...崩中带下...催生。 -> 这也是**赤石脂**或**禹余粮**？赤石脂甘酸涩，入大肠、胃经。这里写“味甘平性涩”，“治崩中带下”，“能催生”。赤石脂确实可用于崩漏。但“催生”一说较少见，通常是固胎。不过原文如此。
6. 味甘温。入足阳明经...止血消肿...烂腿...去赤翳...点目神效...醋淬七次...与儿茶为末...麻油调敷...今之黄铜皆炉甘石所点。 -> 这是**炉甘石**。炉甘石味甘平（或温），外用解毒明目退翳，收湿生肌敛疮。
*修正分析*：原文没有明确的小标题分隔每一段药材，除了第一个【雄黄】和最后一个隐含的炉甘石（最后一句提到）。中间几段需要根据内容判断。
- 第一段：【雄黄】。
- 第二段：“味甘辛...亦名寒水石”。根据“解肌发汗”、“得知母甘草粳米”（白虎汤）、“恶巴豆”，这实际上是**石膏**的描述。但原文最后说“亦名寒水石”。在某些古籍中，寒水石有分为南、北，或不同品种。但“解肌发汗”是石膏的典型功效。此处可能存在原文传抄错误或特殊别名。我将按原文翻译，保留“亦名寒水石”的说法，但内容实质偏向石膏类清热药。*等等*，再仔细看，“入足阳明手太阴少阳轻”，“轻”字可能是衍文或误植，应为“经”。如果是石膏，应入肺胃。如果是寒水石，味咸寒。这里味辛甘。这非常矛盾。
*再次检查原文*：
“味甘辛。入足阳明手太阴少阳轻。功专解肌发汗...亦名寒水石。”
这可能是一段关于**石膏**的文字，但被错误地标记或混入了寒水石的别名？或者这是一段关于**寒水石**的文字，但描述了石膏的功效？
在《本草撮要》中，通常条目清晰。
让我们看第三段：“味甘寒。入足太阳经...利小便...石苇为使”。这很像**滑石**，但滑石入膀胱肺。或者**瞿麦**？不，瞿麦苦。
第四段：“味甘温酸涩...浓肠止利...蜀椒附子...故纸”。这是**禹余粮**？禹余粮甘涩平。或者**赤石脂**？赤石脂甘酸温。这里写“味甘温酸涩”。符合赤石脂。
第五段：“味甘平性涩...镇固下焦...赤石脂...牡蛎乌骨...”。这也像**赤石脂**或**禹余粮**。
第六段：“味甘温...止血消肿...炉甘石”。这是**炉甘石**。
*关键问题*：原文只有两个显式标题【雄黄】和隐含的【炉甘石】（通过最后一句确认）。中间四段没有标题。
但是，题目要求提取实体。我需要识别出这些段落分别是什么药，或者如果无法确定，只提取文中出现的属性。
然而，任务三是提取实体。
第二段提到的“寒水石”是一个实体。
第三段没有名字，但描述了功效。
第四段没有名字。
第五段没有名字。
第六段最后提到“炉甘石”。
*重新阅读任务*：任务是翻译和分析。
对于翻译，我必须把每句话翻出来。
对于实体提取，我要从文本中提取。
让我们逐段处理：
1. **【雄黄】**
- 味辛。入足阳明厥阴经。功专解毒胜邪。得黑铅治结阴。得朱砂猪心血治癫痫。雌黄主治略同。血虚者大忌。阴肿如斗。雄黄矾石各二两。甘草一尺。水五升。煮二升浸之良。
2. **第二段**
- 味甘辛。入足阳明手太阴少阳轻（疑为经之误，或指轻清之品）。功专解肌发汗。得桂枝治温疟。得苍术治中（暑/湿？原文缺字，推测为中署或中湿，但只能译现有文字“治中”）。得知母甘草粳米治胃腑大热。少壮火热者功效神速。老弱虚寒者祸不旋踵。病邪未入阳明者。切勿遽投。或因其性太寒。用火（煅？）则不甚伤胃。但少用则难见功。且须先煎。鸡子为使。恶巴豆。畏铁。亦名寒水石。
- *注意*：这段文字描述的特征（解肌、白虎汤组成、恶巴豆）完全指向**石膏**。但结尾说“亦名寒水石”。在中医古籍中，有时会将不同药物混淆，或者这是一种特殊的寒水石。为了忠实原文，我翻译为“也称为寒水石”。
3. **第三段**
- 味甘寒。入足太阳经。功专发汗利小便。得甘草解暑止泻。加红曲治赤痢。加干姜治白痢。凡脾虚下陷。及精滑有孕。病当发表者均忌。石苇为使。宜甘草。
- *分析*：这段没有药名。但根据“发汗利小便”、“治赤痢白痢”、“石苇为使”，这很可能是**滑石**或**寒水石**的另一种描述？不，滑石利水。寒水石也利水。但前一段已经说了寒水石。这可能是**紫苏**？不，紫苏辛温。这是**香薷**？香薷辛温。
- 实际上，这段描述非常像**滑石**，但滑石味甘淡。或者这是**寒水石**的另一条记录？
- 不管它是什么药，原文没给名字。我只翻译内容。
4. **第四段**
- 味甘温酸涩。入手足阳明经。功专浓肠止利。得干姜粳米治下利脓血。得蜀椒附子治心痛彻背。得故纸等分为末。米饮下。治经水过多。研粉或（煅？）研。水飞用。畏芫花。恶大黄松脂。
- *分析*：无药名。特征：收敛止利，治心痛彻背（乌头赤石脂丸），治崩漏（经水过多）。这是**赤石脂**或**禹余粮**。
5. **第五段**
- 味甘平性涩。入手足阳明经。功专镇固下焦。得赤石脂治伤寒下利。得干姜治赤白带下。得牡蛎乌（贼？）骨桂心治崩中带下。是药既能固下。亦能催生。
- *分析*：无药名。提到“得赤石脂”，说明此药不是赤石脂。可能是**禹余粮**？禹余粮甘涩平，入脾胃大肠。固涩。
6. **第六段**
- 味甘温。入足阳明经。功专止血消肿。收湿祛痰。治烂腿。去赤翳。得海螵蛸硼砂各一两。朱砂五钱。研极细末。点目神效。以之（醋淬？）醋淬七次。与儿茶为末。麻油调敷下疳阴疮。今之黄铜皆炉甘石所点。
- *分析*：最后提到“炉甘石”。这是**炉甘石**。
*总结*：原文似乎缺失了中间几个药材的标题，或者是连续排列的药性描述。我将按段落翻译。
[Realgar]
Pungent in flavor. Enters the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Jueyin meridians. Its efficacy is specialized in detoxification and dispelling pathogenic factors. When combined with Black Lead (Hei Qian), it treats Jieyin disease (a condition characterized by cold extremities and internal yin excess). When combined with Cinnabar (Zhusha) and Pig Heart Blood, it treats epilepsy. The therapeutic effects of Orpiment (Xihuang) are roughly similar. It is strictly contraindicated for patients with blood deficiency. For symptoms of genital swelling as large as a dou (a unit of volume), use Realgar and Alum (Fanshi) each two liang, and Licorice Root (Gancao) one chi. Add five sheng of water, boil to obtain two sheng of decoction, and soak the affected area; this is effective.
[Gypsum Fibrosum / Hanshuishi alias]
Sweet and pungent in flavor. Enters the Foot-Yangming, Hand-Taiyin, and Shaoyang [meridians]. Its efficacy is specialized in resolving the muscle layer and inducing sweating. When combined with Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), it treats warm malaria. When combined with Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu), it treats [internal obstruction/dampness] (text incomplete: "Zhi Zhong"). When combined with Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Licorice Root (Gancao), and Coix Seed (Jingmi), it treats excessive heat in the stomach fu-organ. It acts swiftly and miraculously for young and strong individuals with excessive fire-heat. However, for the elderly and weak with deficiency-cold, disaster follows immediately. If the pathogenic factor has not entered the Yangming stage, do not administer it hastily. Perhaps because its nature is too cold, if processed with fire [calcined], it does not injure the stomach as much. However, using a small dose makes it difficult to achieve efficacy. Moreover, it must be decocted first. Egg white is used as an adjuvant. It is incompatible with Euphorbia Lathyris (Badou) and fears iron. It is also known as Hanshuishi (Calcitum or Aragonitum).
[Unnamed Mineral Herb]
Sweet and cold in flavor. Enters the Foot-Taiyang meridian. Its efficacy is specialized in inducing sweating and promoting urination. When combined with Licorice Root (Gancao), it resolves summerheat and stops diarrhea. Added with Red Yeast Rice (Hongqu), it treats bloody dysentery. Added with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), it treats non-bloody dysentery. It is contraindicated for cases of Spleen deficiency with sinking qi, seminal emission, pregnancy, and conditions requiring release of the exterior. Leafy Fern Herb (Shiwei) is used as an adjuvant. Licorice Root (Gancao) is suitable.
[Unnamed Astringent Herb]
Sweet, warm, sour, and astringent in flavor. Enters the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians. Its efficacy is specialized in thickening the intestines and stopping diarrhea. When combined with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and Coix Seed (Jingmi), it treats dysentery with pus and blood. When combined with Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao) and Aconite Root (Fuzi), it treats heart pain radiating to the back. When combined with Psoralea Fruit (Guzhi) in equal parts, ground into powder, and taken with rice water, it treats excessive menstrual bleeding. Grind into powder or [calcine and] grind. Use water levigation. It dreads Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua). It is incompatible with Rhubarb (Dahuang) and Pine Resin (Songzhi).
[Unnamed Consolidating Herb]
Sweet, neutral, and astringent in flavor. Enters the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians. Its efficacy is specialized in stabilizing and consolidating the lower jiao. When combined with Halloysitum Rubrum (Chishizhi), it treats dysentery following typhoid. When combined with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), it treats leukorrhea that is red and white. When combined with Oyster Shell (Muli), Cuttlefish Bone (Wugub), and Cassia Twig (Guixin), it treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea. This herb can both consolidate the lower jiao and facilitate childbirth.
[Ludacite / Calamine]
Sweet and warm in flavor. Enters the Foot-Yangming meridian. Its efficacy is specialized in stopping bleeding, reducing swelling, absorbing dampness, and expelling phlegm. It treats ulcerated legs and removes red nebulae on the eyes. When combined with Cuttlefish Bone (Haipiaoxiao) and Borax (Pengsha) each one liang, and Cinnabar (Zhusha) five qian, ground into an extremely fine powder, it applies to the eyes with miraculous effect. Quench it in vinegar seven times. Mix with Catechu (Ercha) into powder, and apply with sesame oil to treat chancres and yin sores. Nowadays, all yellow brass is plated/refined using Calamine.