一切草木药畏之。
熟铁∶辛,平,有毒。坚肌耐痛。生铁∶镇心除痫,散瘀消丹。针砂∶作铁索磨 细末
也。
须真钢砂乃可用。铁粉∶钢铁飞炼而成者。铁落∶ 时铁砧上打落者。铁锈∶铁上赤衣
也。
盐汤煮之可作粉。
甘,平,小毒。补中下气,坚肌续绝。治痨伤溏痢,疗疮肿痈疽。
生太山山谷及庐山、齐山、定山石间,二月采。兖州、淳州、杭越间亦有之。生土石间,
作
者为上。
明净者良。细研水飞用。恶磁石,畏碱水,忌一切血。
甘,寒,无毒。镇心清肝,明目发汗,祛风定惊,解毒辟邪,止渴安胎,通脉除烦。
西南诸山谷皆有之,有数十种,以辰州、锦州者为良。光明莹澈者为胜。今世所用,皆
都仇
堪用。惟以光明如镜者入药。
畏磁石、砒霜。乃炼朱砂而成者。
辛,寒,有毒。祛痰除惊,坠胎绝孕,治疮疗风,退热利水。却虫疥虮虱之患,解金银
铜锡
畏磁石,忌一切血。
温燥,有毒。杀虫治疮,劫痰消积。除水肿鼓胀,治瘰 疥癣。
乃水银烧炼而成者。其法用水银一两,白矾二两,食盐一两,同研不见星,铺于铁器内,
以小乌盆覆之,筛皂灰,
盐水和封固盆口,以炭火打二炷香时,取开,则粉升于盆上矣。一两
下疳阴疮,为末掺之。(验方第一。)
【轻粉】味辛,性平,有毒。能明目去翳,缓解心腹疼痛,促进难产或胎位不正时的分娩。
所有草木类药材都畏惧它。
【熟铁】:味辛,性平,有毒。能使肌肉坚实,增强对疼痛的耐受力。
【生铁】:能镇心安神,消除癫痫,散瘀血,消退丹毒。
【针砂】:是将铁索磨成的细末。必须使用真正的钢砂才可使用。
【铁粉】:由钢铁经过飞炼而成。
【铁落】:是在打铁砧上敲打时掉落下来的铁屑。
【铁锈】:是附着在铁表面的红色物质。用盐汤煮过之后可以制成粉末状。
【代赭石】味甘,性平,有小毒。能补益中气,降逆下气,使肌肉坚实,接续断绝之筋骨。治疗劳损引起的腹泻痢疾,疗治疮肿和痈疽。
产于泰山山谷以及庐山、齐山、定山等岩石之间,二月采集。兖州、淳州、杭州、越州等地也有出产。生于土石之间的为佳品。
质地明亮洁净的为良质。需细细研磨,用水飞法处理使用。忌与磁石同用,畏碱水,禁忌一切活血类药物。
【朱砂】味甘,性寒,无毒。能镇心安神,清肝火,明目,发汗,祛风定惊,解毒辟邪,止渴安胎,通血脉除烦闷。
西南各山谷都有出产,有数十种,以辰州、锦州出产的质量最好。光明莹澈的为上乘。当今世面所用的,都是来自仇家(地名)的可用品。只选用像镜子一样光亮的入药。
【水银】畏惧磁石、砒霜。是由炼朱砂而成的。
味辛,性寒,有毒。能祛痰除惊,导致堕胎绝育,治疗疮疡风疾,退热利水。能驱除虫疥虮虱的危害,解除金银铜锡的毒性。
【轻粉(再次提及/或指其他含汞制剂,结合上下文实为轻粉的制备前奏或重复描述,但根据原文结构,此处紧接“畏磁石...”且前文已有轻粉定义,此处更可能是指另一种矿物药或是对轻粉特性的补充,但看后文“乃水银烧炼而成者”及制法,这整段其实是【轻粉】的详细描述,前文的“辛,平,有毒...催横逆胎产”是简略版,或者原文排版有误将轻粉分成了两段?仔细阅读原文:“畏磁石、砒霜。乃炼朱砂而成者。”这句明显是指朱砂还是水银?朱砂不炼成水银吗?不对,朱砂炼成水银。水银畏磁石。
再看最后一段:“温燥,有毒。杀虫治疮...乃水银烧炼而成者...一两下疳阴疮...”。
让我们重新梳理原文逻辑:
1. 第一段:【轻粉】辛平有毒...
2. 第二段:【熟铁】【生铁】【针砂】【铁粉】【铁落】【铁锈】...
3. 第三段:【代赭石】甘平小毒...
4. 第四段:【朱砂】甘寒无毒...(注:原文“明净者良...今世所用皆都仇堪用”通常形容朱砂或雄黄,但后文说“畏磁石、砒霜。乃炼朱砂而成者”,这句话主语缺失。如果主语是“水银”,则水银畏磁石,水银由朱砂炼成。如果主语是“轻粉”,轻粉由水银炼制。
5. 第五段:【水银】辛寒有毒...(注:原文“畏磁石、砒霜。乃炼朱砂而成者”放在这里,说明这一段的主语应该是“水银”。因为水银畏磁石,且水银是从朱砂里炼出来的。)
6. 第六段:【轻粉】温燥有毒...(注:原文“乃水银烧炼而成者”明确指出了这是轻粉,因为轻粉是升华法从水银制成的。前文第一段也是轻粉,可能是不同版本的混排或重复。但根据《本草易读》体例,通常是按顺序介绍。
让我们仔细看原文分段:
- “辛,平,有毒...催横逆胎产。” -> 这是轻粉的特性(轻粉确实辛温/平,有毒,外用杀虫攻毒,内服逐水通便,坠胎)。
- “一切草木药畏之。” -> 轻粉畏草木?或者是草木畏轻粉?通常指轻粉腐蚀性强。
- “熟铁...生铁...针砂...铁粉...铁落...铁锈...” -> 铁类药。
- “甘,平,小毒...治痨伤溏痢...” -> 代赭石。
- “明净者良...恶磁石...甘,寒,无毒...镇心清肝...” -> 朱砂。
- “畏磁石、砒霜。乃炼朱砂而成者。” -> 这句话紧跟在朱砂后面,但朱砂不炼朱砂。朱砂炼成水银。所以这段开头缺了主语“水银”。
- “辛,寒,有毒...祛痰除惊...却虫疥...” -> 这是水银的特性。
- “畏磁石,忌一切血。” -> 水银的禁忌。
- “温燥,有毒...乃水银烧炼而成者...” -> 这是轻粉的制法和特性。
所以,原文实际上包含了:轻粉(简)、铁类、代赭石、朱砂、水银、轻粉(详/制法)。
但在实体提取时,我们主要关注出现的药名。
翻译如下:
【轻粉】味辛,性平,有毒。能明目去翳,缓解心腹疼痛,促进难产或胎位不正时的分娩。
所有草木类药材都畏惧它。
【熟铁】:味辛,性平,有毒。能使肌肉坚实,增强对疼痛的耐受力。
【生铁】:能镇心安神,消除癫痫,散瘀血,消退丹毒。
【针砂】:是将铁索磨成的细末。必须使用真正的钢砂才可使用。
【铁粉】:由钢铁经过飞炼而成。
【铁落】:是在打铁砧上敲打时掉落下来的铁屑。
【铁锈】:是附着在铁表面的红色物质。用盐汤煮过之后可以制成粉末状。
【代赭石】味甘,性平,有小毒。能补益中气,降逆下气,使肌肉坚实,接续断绝之筋骨。治疗劳损引起的腹泻痢疾,疗治疮肿和痈疽。
产于泰山山谷以及庐山、齐山、定山等岩石之间,二月采集。兖州、淳州、杭州、越州等地也有出产。生于土石之间的为佳品。
质地明亮洁净的为良质。需细细研磨,用水飞法处理使用。忌与磁石同用,畏碱水,禁忌一切活血类药物。
【朱砂】味甘,性寒,无毒。能镇心安神,清肝火,明目,发汗,祛风定惊,解毒辟邪,止渴安胎,通血脉除烦闷。
西南各山谷都有出产,有数十种,以辰州、锦州出产的质量最好。光明莹澈的为上乘。当今世面所用的,都是来自仇家(地名)的可用品。只选用像镜子一样光亮的入药。
【水银】畏惧磁石、砒霜。是由炼朱砂而成的。
味辛,性寒,有毒。能祛痰除惊,导致堕胎绝育,治疗疮疡风疾,退热利水。能驱除虫疥虮虱的危害,解除金银铜锡的毒性。
【轻粉】性温燥,有毒。能杀虫治疮,劫痰消积。消除水肿鼓胀,治疗瘰疬疥癣。
它是通过烧炼水银制成的。其方法是取一两水银,二两白矾,一两食盐,一同研磨至不见星点光亮,铺在铁器内,用小乌盆覆盖,筛皂灰,用盐水和泥封固盆口,用炭火煅烧二炷香的时间,打开后,粉末就会升腾到盆盖上。一两轻粉可治疗下疳阴疮,研末外掺。(验方第一。)
[Calomel (Qingfen)] Acrid, neutral, toxic. Brightens the eyes and removes nebulae, relieves heart and abdominal pain, and induces labor in cases of dystocia or malpresentation.
All herbal medicines fear it.
[Refined Iron] Acrid, neutral, toxic. Firmes the muscles and increases tolerance to pain.
[Raw Iron] Calms the heart and eliminates epilepsy, dissipates blood stasis, and resolves erysipelas.
[Iron Needle Sand] Finely ground powder made from iron chains. Only true steel sand should be used.
[Iron Powder] Produced by flying-smelting steel.
[Iron Filings] Pieces struck off onto an anvil during forging.
[Iron Rust] The red coating on iron. It can be processed into powder after boiling in salt water.
[Hematitum (Daizheshi)] Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic. Tonifies the middle jiao, directs rebellious qi downward, firmes the muscles, and reconnects severed tissues. Treats consumptive disorders with loose stools and dysentery; heals sores, swelling, carbuncles, and ulcers.
Grows among the rocks in the valleys of Mount Tai, Lushan, Qishan, and Dingshan; harvested in the second lunar month. Also found in Yanzhou, Chunzhou, Hangzhou, and Yuezhou. Those growing between earth and stone are superior.
Those that are bright and clean are of good quality. Grind finely and use the water-calcination method. Adversely interacts with Magnetitum (Cishi); fears alkaline water; contraindicated with all blood-invigorating herbs.
[Cinnabaris (Zhusha)] Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Calms the heart and clears the liver, brightens the eyes, induces sweating, dispels wind and settles fright, detoxifies and wards off evil pathogens, quenches thirst and calms the fetus, unblocks vessels and relieves irritability.
Found in various valleys in the southwest; there are dozens of varieties, with those from Chenzhou and Jinzhou being the best. Those that are luminous and translucent are superior. The ones used today are generally from Qiujia and are usable. Only those as bright as a mirror are used medicinally.
[Hydrargyrum (Shuiyin)] Fears Magnetitum (Cishi) and Realgar (Pishuang). It is obtained by smelting Cinnabaris (Zhusha).
Acrid, cold, toxic. Resolves phlegm and eliminates fright, causes abortion and sterility, treats sores and wind-diseases, reduces fever and promotes urination. Eliminates infestations of worms, scabies, lice, and nits; resolves toxicity from gold, silver, copper, and tin.
[Fuming Nigrum / Sublimated Mercury preparation] Warm and dry, toxic. Kills parasites and treats sores, forcibly expels phlegm and reduces accumulation. Eliminates edema and distension, treats scrofula and tinea.
It is produced by sublimating Hydrargyrum (Shuiyin). The method is as follows: Take one liang of Hydrargyrum, two liang of Alumen (Baifan), and one liang of Sal (Yanshi). Grind them together until no shiny spots remain. Spread the mixture in an iron vessel, cover it with a small black earthenware basin, sieve soap ash over it, seal the mouth of the basin with salt water and mud, and roast over charcoal fire for the time it takes to burn two incense sticks. Upon opening, the powder will have risen to the top of the basin. One liang is used externally as a powder for treating chancres and yin sores. (Verified Formula No. 1.)