（龟鳖）除血热血滞化血为水
螃蟹（专入胃肝）。最属阴寒。故书所述利弊。大令人骇。如蟹与柿同食。则令人泄泻
及发症
瘕。与孕妇食。则能使胎即下。而爪尤甚。以蟹烧烟。则能集鼠于庭。（弘景曰。以黑犬血
灌蟹三日烧之。诸鼠毕至。）同银朱烧烟。则能使臭虫即毙。蟹近于漆。则能化漆为水。筋
骨损断。用蟹捣烂微炒。纳入疮中。则能使筋即连。他如胸中热结。 辟面肿。及蓄血发黄
。妇人乳痈硬肿。小儿颅解。凡因热结热滞而成者。无不用之立效。其化血为水。逐热消瘀
。未有若是其神者矣！总缘性属咸寒。外骨内肉。生青熟赤。阳包阴象。阴气纯布。故克见
其迅利耳。若血因寒滞。及腹中疼痛。喜热恶寒者。其切忌焉。腌蟹宜入蒜头。则不沙蔽。
中蟹毒者。宜捣藕节。热酒调服。（宗 曰。此物极动风。风疾人不可食。屡见其事。）
病不外乎虚实寒热。治不越乎攻补表里。所以百病之生。靡不根于虚实寒热所致。即治
亦
不
越乎一理以为贯通。又安有杂治杂剂之谓哉？惟是虚实异形。寒热异致。则或内滞不消而为
传尸鬼疰。外结不散而为痈疽疮疡。在虫既有虚实之殊。寒热之辨。而毒亦有表里之异。升
降之别。此虫之所必杀。而毒之所以必治也。至于治病用药。尤须审其气味冲和。合于人身
气血。相宜为贵。若使辛苦燥烈。用不审顾。祸必旋踵。谨于杂剂之中。又将恶毒之品。另
为编帙。俾人一览而知。庶于本草义蕴。或已得其过半云。又按虫之生。本于人之正气亏
损而成。体实者。其虫本不易生。即生亦易殄灭。体虚者。其虫乘空内蓄。蓄则即为致害。
害则非易治疗。考之方书所载。治虫药品甚多。治亦错杂不一。如黄连苦参黑牵牛扁蓄。是
除湿热以杀虫也。大黄朴硝。是除热邪以杀虫也。苦楝子青黛蓝子。是除郁热以杀虫也。雷
丸芦荟蚯蚓。是除热积以杀虫也。贯众是除时行热毒以杀虫也。青葙子是除肝经风热以杀虫
也。故其为药。皆寒而不温。苍耳子松脂密陀僧。是除风湿以杀虫也。故其为药。稍温而不
凉。川椒椒目。是降寒湿水湿以杀虫也。故其为药。温燥而不平。苏合香雄黄阿魏樟脑蛇蜕
。是除不正恶气以杀虫也。故其为药。最辛最温。水银银朱轻粉铅粉黄丹大枫子山茵陈五倍
子百药煎。是除疮疥以杀虫也。故其为药。寒热皆有。紫贝桃仁干漆皂矾百草霜。是除血瘀
以杀虫也。故其药亦多寒热不一。浓朴槟榔。是除湿满瘴气以杀虫也。故其为药苦温而平。
谷虫鹤虱使君。是除痰食积滞以杀虫也。故其为药。又温而又寒。獭肝是补肝肾之虚以杀虫
也。故其药味咸而气温。至于榧实则能润肺以杀虫。乌梅则能敛肺以杀虫。百部则能清肺散
热以杀虫。皆有不甚寒燥之虞。且虫得酸则止。凡乌梅五倍子等药。非是最酸之味以止其虫
乎。得苦则下。凡大黄黄连苦楝根芦荟苦参。非是至苦之味以下其虫乎？得辛则伏。凡川椒
雄黄干漆大枫子阿魏轻粉樟脑槟榔。非是最辛之味以伏其虫乎？得甘则动。凡用毒虫之药。
必加甘蜜为使。非是用以至甘之味以引其虫乎？至于寒极生虫。可用姜附以为杀。虫欲上出
。可用藜芦上涌以为杀。热闭而虫不下。可用芫花黑牵牛以为杀。虫食龋齿。可用胡桐泪莨
菪韭子蟾酥以为之杀。虫食皮肤而为风癣。可用川槿皮海桐皮以为杀。九蛊阴蚀之虫。可用
青葙子复盆叶以为之杀。痨瘵之虫。可用败鼓心虎粪骨獭爪鹳骨以为之杀。但用多属辛苦酸
涩。惟使君榧实治虫。按书偏以甘取。义实有在。自非精于医道者。所可与之同语也。
（龟、鳖）能消除血热、血滞，将瘀血化为水液排出。
螃蟹（主要归入胃经和肝经）。性质极属阴寒。所以医书所述其利弊，常令人感到惊骇。例如蟹与柿子同食，会导致人腹泻及引发瘕聚（腹中结块）。若孕妇食用，则能使胎儿立即流产，且蟹爪的危害尤为严重。用蟹烧烟，能将老鼠聚集到庭院中。（陶弘景说：用黑狗血灌喂螃蟹三天后焚烧，所有的老鼠都会到来。）与银朱一同烧烟，能使臭虫立即死亡。蟹靠近漆树时，能使漆化为水液。筋骨损伤断裂，将蟹捣烂微炒后纳入疮口中，能使筋脉重新连接。其他如胸中热结、面部肿胀，以及蓄血发黄、妇人乳痈硬肿、小儿囟门不合等，凡是因热结、热滞而形成的病症，无不用之立效。其化血为水、逐热消瘀的功效，没有比这更神奇的！总因为其性属咸寒，外有骨壳内有肉，生时青色熟时红色，阳包阴之象，阴气纯布，所以功效显得迅利。若是血因寒滞，以及腹中疼痛、喜热恶寒者，切忌使用。腌蟹宜加入蒜头，则不致引起沙蔽（指皮肤瘙痒或不适）。误食蟹毒者，宜捣碎藕节，用热酒调服。（陈藏器说：此物极易动风，患风疾的人不可食用，屡见此类事例。）
疾病不外乎虚、实、寒、热四种性质。治疗不越乎攻、补、表、里四种法则。所以百病的发生，无不根源于虚实寒热所致。即使治疗，也不越乎这一原理来贯通。又怎会有杂乱的治疗和杂乱的方剂之说呢？只是由于虚实形态不同，寒热成因各异，所以有的内滞不消而成为传尸鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性传染病），有的外结不散而成为痈疽疮疡。在虫证既有虚实之分，寒热之辨，而毒邪也有表里之异，升降之别。这是虫所必杀，毒所必治的原因。至于治病用药，尤其必须审察药味的冲和，合乎人身气血，以相宜为贵。如果使用辛苦燥烈之品而不加审慎顾惜，祸患必将随即降临。因此在杂剂之中，又将恶毒之品单独编为一卷，使人一览而知，或许对本草的义蕴，已得其过半了。另外按：虫的产生，本于人的正气亏损而成。体质强壮者，其虫本来不易产生，即使产生也容易被消灭。体质虚弱者，其虫乘虚内蓄，蓄积则即为致病，致病则不容易治疗。考证方书记载，治虫药品甚多，治疗方法错杂不一。如黄连、苦参、黑牵牛、扁蓄，是除湿热以杀虫；大黄、朴硝，是除热邪以杀虫；苦楝子、青黛、蓝子，是除郁热以杀虫；雷丸、芦荟、蚯蚓，是除热积以杀虫；贯众是除时行热毒以杀虫；青葙子是除肝经风热以杀虫。所以这些药物，都是寒而不温。苍耳子、松脂、密陀僧，是除风湿以杀虫，所以这些药物稍温而不凉。川椒、椒目，是降寒湿水湿以杀虫，所以这些药物温燥而不平。苏合香、雄黄、阿魏、樟脑、蛇蜕，是除不正恶气以杀虫，所以这些药物最辛最温。水银、银朱、轻粉、铅粉、黄丹、大枫子、山茵陈、五倍子、百药煎，是除疮疥以杀虫，所以这些药物寒热皆有。紫贝、桃仁、干漆、皂矾、百草霜，是除血瘀以杀虫，所以这些药物也多寒热不一。浓朴、槟榔，是除湿满瘴气以杀虫，所以这些药物苦温而平。谷虫、鹤虱、使君子，是除痰食积滞以杀虫，所以这些药物又温而又寒。獭肝是补肝肾之虚以杀虫，所以其药味咸而气温。至于榧实则能润肺以杀虫，乌梅则能敛肺以杀虫，百部则能清肺散热以杀虫，都无不甚寒燥的忧虑。而且虫得酸则止，凡乌梅、五倍子等药，不是最酸的滋味来制止其虫吗？得苦则下，凡大黄、黄连、苦楝根、芦荟、苦参，不是至苦的滋味来使其虫下行吗？得辛则伏，凡川椒、雄黄、干漆、大枫子、阿魏、轻粉、樟脑、槟榔，不是最辛的滋味来使其虫潜伏吗？得甘则动，凡用毒虫之药，必加甘蜜为使药，不是用至甘的滋味来引导其虫吗？至于寒极生虫，可用姜、附子以为杀；虫欲上出，可用藜芦上涌以为杀；热闭而虫不下，可用芫花、黑牵牛以为杀；虫食龋齿，可用胡桐泪、莨菪、韭子、蟾酥以为杀；虫食皮肤而为风癣，可用川槿皮、海桐皮以为杀；九蛊阴蚀之虫，可用青葙子、复盆叶以为杀；痨瘵之虫，可用败鼓心、虎粪骨、獭爪、鹳骨以为杀。但所用大多属辛苦酸涩，惟使君子、榧实治虫，按书偏以甘味取效，义理实在其中。若不是精通医道的人，不可以与之谈论。
(Turtle and Soft-shelled Turtle) Eliminate blood heat, blood stasis, and transform coagulated blood into fluid for excretion.
Crab (primarily enters the Stomach and Liver meridians). Its nature is extremely Yin and Cold. Therefore, the pros and cons described in medical texts often cause alarm. For instance, consuming crab together with persimmons can lead to diarrhea and induce *Jia* masses (abdominal lumps). If consumed by pregnant women, it may cause immediate miscarriage, with the crab claws being particularly harmful. Burning crab smoke can attract rats to the courtyard. (Tao Hongjing stated: After feeding crabs black dog's blood for three days and then burning them, all rats will arrive.) Burning it together with Cinnabar (Yin Zhu) can kill bedbugs instantly. When near lacquer trees, crab can transform lacquer into water. For damaged or fractured tendons and bones, crushing the crab, lightly stir-frying it, and applying it to the wound can reconnect the tendons. Other conditions such as heat accumulation in the chest, facial swelling, jaundice due to retained blood, breast abscesses with hardness and swelling in women, and open fontanelles in infants—all caused by heat accumulation and stagnation—respond immediately to its use. Its efficacy in transforming blood into fluid, dispelling heat, and resolving stasis is unparalleled! This is primarily because its nature is salty and cold; it has an external shell and internal meat, appearing green when raw and red when cooked, symbolizing Yang enveloping Yin, with pure Yin Qi distributed throughout, thus making its effects swift and potent. However, if blood stasis is due to Cold, or if there is abdominal pain with a preference for warmth and aversion to cold, it must be strictly avoided. Pickled crab should be prepared with garlic to prevent irritation. For those poisoned by crab, crushed lotus root nodes mixed with hot wine should be taken orally. (Chen Cangqi noted: This substance easily triggers Wind; patients with Wind diseases should not consume it, as numerous cases have been observed.)
Diseases do not go beyond the categories of Deficiency (Xu), Excess (Shi), Cold, and Heat. Treatments do not exceed the principles of Purging (Gong), Tonifying (Bu), Exterior-releasing (Biao), and Interior-resolving (Li). Thus, the origin of all diseases lies fundamentally in Deficiency, Excess, Cold, and Heat. Even treatment does not transcend this single principle for integration. How could there be talk of chaotic treatments and miscellaneous prescriptions? It is merely that Deficiency and Excess present different forms, and Cold and Heat arise from different causes. Consequently, internal stagnation that fails to resolve may become *Chuanshi Guizhu* (a chronic consumptive infectious disease), while external knotting that fails to dissipate may become carbuncles, sores, and ulcers. In parasitic diseases, there are distinctions between Deficiency and Excess, and Cold and Heat; furthermore, toxins differ in their Exterior/Interior location and Ascending/Descending dynamics. These are the reasons why parasites must be eliminated and toxins must be treated. Regarding medication for treating diseases, one must especially scrutinize whether the medicinal flavors are balanced and harmonious with the body's Qi and Blood, prioritizing compatibility. If pungent, bitter, drying, and acrid substances are used without careful consideration, disaster will follow swiftly. Therefore, within miscellaneous prescriptions, highly toxic substances are compiled separately in another volume, allowing people to understand them at a glance, perhaps gaining more than half of the profound meaning of Materia Medica. Furthermore, according to records: Parasites arise from the depletion of the body's Healthy Qi (Zheng Qi). Those with strong constitutions rarely develop parasites, and if they do, they are easily eradicated. Those with weak constitutions allow parasites to accumulate internally; once accumulated, they cause harm, which is difficult to treat. Examining medical texts, there are many drugs for treating parasites, but methods are varied. For example, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Heiqian Niu (Pharbitidis Semen), and Bianxu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba) eliminate Damp-Heat to kill parasites; Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas) eliminate Heat Evil to kill parasites; Kulianzi (Meliae Semen), Qingdai (Indici Folium), and Lanzishen (Baphicacanthis Cusiae Folium) eliminate Depressed Heat to kill parasites; Leiwan (Omphalia Lapidescens), Lushen (Aloe), and Qiuyin (Lumbricus) eliminate Heat Accumulation to kill parasites; Guanzhong (Cyathulae Rhizoma) eliminates Epidemic Heat Toxins to kill parasites; Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen) eliminates Liver Meridian Wind-Heat to kill parasites. Thus, these drugs are Cold but not Warm. Can'erzi (Xanthii Fructus), Songzhi (Pini Resina), and Mituosen (Gallicum) eliminate Wind-Dampness to kill parasites; thus, these drugs are slightly Warm but not Cool. Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) and Jiaomu (Zanthoxyli Semen) descend Cold-Damp and Water-Dampness to kill parasites; thus, these drugs are Warm and Drying but not Balanced. Suhe Xiang (Styrax), Xionghuang (Realgar), Awei (Ferulae Resina), Zhangnao (Camphora), and Shetui (Bovis Colla Degradatum) eliminate Abnormal Evil Qi to kill parasites; thus, these drugs are most Pungent and most Warm. Shuiyin (Hydrargyrum), Yinzhu (Cinnabar), Qingfen (Calomelas), Qianfen (Minii Carbonas Rubrum), Huangdan (Minii Oxidum Rubrum), Dafengzi (Aleuritidis Fructus), Shanyinch'en (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), Wubeizi (Gallae Chinensis), and Baiyaojian (Fermented Medicinal Leaven) eliminate Sores and Scabies to kill parasites; thus, these drugs vary in Cold and Heat properties. Zibei (Concha Tridacnatis), Taoren (Persicae Semen), Ganqi (Resina Draconis), Zaofan (Ferric Sulfas), and Baicaoshuang (Carbonis Herbae) eliminate Blood Stasis to kill parasites; thus, these drugs also vary in Cold and Heat. Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Binglang (Arecae Semen) eliminate Damp-Fullness and Miasma to kill parasites; thus, these drugs are Bitter-Warm and Balanced. Guchong (Tineidae Larva), Heshi (Carpesii Fructus), and Shijunzi (Quisqualis Fructus) eliminate Phlegm-Food Accumulation to kill parasites; thus, these drugs are both Warm and Cold. Tagan (Enhydris Corium) Tonifies Liver and Kidney Deficiency to kill parasites; thus, its flavor is Salty and its nature is Warm. Feishi (Torreya Seed) moistens the Lung to kill parasites; Wumei (Mume Fructus) astringes the Lung to kill parasites; Baibu (Stemonae Radix) clears Lung Heat and disperses Heat to kill parasites; none carry the risk of being excessively Cold or Drying. Moreover, parasites stop when encountering Sour flavors: Are not Wumei and Wubeizi among the most Sour substances to arrest parasites? Parasites descend when encountering Bitter flavors: Are not Dahuang, Huanglian, Kulian Gen (Meliae Cortex), Lushen, and Kushen among the most Bitter substances to purge parasites? Parasites subside when encountering Pungent flavors: Are not Chuanjiao, Xionghuang, Ganqi, Dafengzi, Awei, Qingfen, Zhangnao, and Binglang among the most Pungent substances to suppress parasites? Parasites move when encountering Sweet flavors: When using toxic anti-parasitic drugs, Sweet Honey is always added as a guiding agent; is this not using the most Sweet flavor to guide parasites? As for parasites generated by extreme Cold, Ginger (Shengjiang) and Aconite (Fuzi) can be used for elimination. For parasites attempting to exit upwards, Veratrum (Lilu) can be used to induce vomiting. For heat-closure preventing downward expulsion of parasites, Euphorbia (Yuanhua) and Heiqian Niu can be used. For parasites eating teeth (caries), Hu Tong Lei (Populi Flos), Langdang (Daturae Semen), Jiuzi (Allii Tuberosi Semen), and Chansu (Bufonis Venenum) can be used. For wind-squamous caused by parasites on the skin, Chuan Jin Pi (Hibisci Mutabilis Cortex) and Haitong Pi (Sapindii Cortex) can be used. For the nine types of Gu poison and genital erosions, Qingxiangzi and Fupen Ye (Rubi Caulis Fructus) can be used. For tuberculosis-causing parasites, Decayed Drum Heart (Baiguxin), Tiger Excrement Bone (Hufen Gu), Otter Claws (Ta Zhua), and Stork Bones (Guan Gu) can be used. Most of these employ Pungent, Bitter, Sour, and Astringent flavors. Only Shijunzi and Feishi treat parasites, relying predominantly on Sweet flavors according to texts, which holds true rationale. This cannot be discussed with those who are not proficient in medical arts.