（人）凉血逐瘀
血余（专入肝心。兼入肾）。味苦微温。据书载能补肾壮气。然总不如地茱参耆为补精
补气之
最耳。（素问曰。肾之华在发。王冰注云。肾主髓。脑者髓之海。发者脑之华。脑减则发素
。滑寿注云。水出高源。故肾华在发。发者血之余。血者水之类也。今方家叫发为血余。盖
本此也。叶世杰草木子云。精之荣以须。气之荣以眉。血之荣以发。类苑云。发属心。禀火
气而上生。须属肾。禀水气而下生。眉属肝。禀木气而侧生。故男子肾气外行而有须。女子
宦人则无须。而眉发不异也。）又载功能疗惊痫。理咳嗽。固崩带。止血晕血痢血淋。舌血
鼻血。暨转胞不通。及涂疮疥。入膏敷毒。治皆有效。（时珍曰。发者血之余。埋之土中。
千年不朽。煎之至枯。复有液出。误食入腹。变为瘕虫。 治服饵。令发不白。此正神化之
应验也。）然总皆属通关开窍。凉血散瘀生新之品。（子母秘录治小儿斑疹。用发灰饮。服二
钱。治小儿两角生疮。用发灰三钱。饮汁服。）若胃虚用之。多有吐泻之弊。皂荚洗。 用
。
血为人身之宝。安可言下。然有血瘀之极。积而为块。温之徒以增热。凉之或以增滞。
惟取
疏动走泄。苦咸烈毒之品。以为驱逐。则血自尔不凝。按书所载破血下血。药类甚众。要在
审症明确。则于治方不谬。如症兼寒兼热。内结不解。则宜用以莪术桃仁郁金母草以为之破
。取其辛以散热。苦以降结之意也。瘀气结甚。则宜用以斑蝥干漆以为之降。取其气味猛烈
。得以骤解之意也。寒气既除。内结滋甚。则宜用以丹参郁李没药姜黄三七紫菀柴参贯众以
为之下。取其苦以善降。不令内滞之意也！寒气既除。瘀滞不化。则宜用以蒲黄苏木以为之
疏。取其气味宣泄。不令郁滞之意也至有借食人血以治血。则有虻虫水蛭可用。借其咸味引
血下走。则有茜草血竭瓦楞紫贝 虫鳖甲可取。借其质轻灵活不滞。则有莲藕花蕊石可投。
借其阴气偏布可解。则有螃蟹蚯蚓可啖。借其酸涩咸臭以解。则有皂矾五灵脂可入。惟有苦
温而
破。则又更有刘寄奴等味。但刘寄奴自然铜古文钱三七血竭没药 虫。则于跌仆损伤而用。
蚯蚓则于解毒而用。丹参则于血瘀神志不安而用。水蛭虻虫桃仁。则于蓄血而用。花蕊石则
于金疮血出而用。五灵脂益母草蒲黄。则于妇人血滞而用。茜草则于妇人经闭不解而用。瓦
楞子则为妇人块积而用。斑蝥则为恶疮恶毒而用。郁金则为血瘀胞络痰气积聚而用。莪术则
为
血瘀积痛不解而用。郁李仁则为下气行水破血而用。干漆则为铲除老血蛊积而用。紫贝则为
血蛊水积而用。贯众则为时行不正而用。鳖甲则为劳热骨蒸而用。紫参则为血痢痈肿而用。
姜黄则为脾中血滞而用。苏木则为表里风起而用。皂矾则为收痰杀虫除湿而用。生藕则为通
调津液而用也。至于斑蝥干漆三七水蛭虻虫 虫螃蟹瓦楞子花蕊石。尤为诸剂中下血败血之
最。用之须当审顾。不可稍有忽略。以致损人元气于不测中也！
（人发）具有凉血、逐瘀的功效。
人发专门入肝经和心经，兼入肾经。味道苦，性微温。据书籍记载，它能补肾益气。然而，总不如地黄、茱萸、人参、黄芪在补精益气方面效果显著。（《素问》说：肾的荣华表现在头发上。王冰注释说：肾主骨生髓，脑是髓海，头发是脑的荣华。脑髓减少则头发枯白。滑寿注释说：水源于高处，所以肾的荣华表现在头发上。头发是血的剩余部分，血属于水的同类。现在方家称头发为“血余”，大概就基于此。叶世杰在《草木子》中说：精气的荣华体现在胡须上，元气的荣华体现在眉毛上，血气的荣华体现在头发上。《类苑》说：头发属心，禀受火气而向上生长；胡须属肾，禀受水气而向下生长；眉毛属肝，禀受木气而向侧面生长。所以男子肾气外行而生有胡须，女子宦官则没有胡须，但眉毛和头发没有差异。）又记载其功能能治疗惊痫，调理咳嗽，固摄崩漏带下，止血晕、血痢、血淋，舌出血，鼻出血，以及转胞不通，涂抹可治疮疥，入膏药敷贴可解毒，治疗都有效。（李时珍说：头发是血的剩余部分，埋在土中，千年不腐烂；煎煮至干枯，仍有液体流出；误食入腹，会变成瘕虫。治疗服用它，能使头发不白，这正是神妙变化的应验。）然而这些功效都属于通关开窍、凉血散瘀、生新的药物。（《子母秘录》治疗小儿斑疹，用发灰水送服二钱；治疗小儿两角生疮，用发灰三钱，饮汁送服。）如果胃虚的人使用，多有引起吐泻的弊端。需用皂荚清洗后使用。
血是人身的宝物，怎么能轻易让它下行呢？但是如果有血瘀到了极点，积聚成块，用温热药只会增加热邪，用寒凉药可能会增加凝滞。只有选取疏动走泄、味苦咸且烈毒的药物，用来驱逐瘀血，那么血液自然不再凝结。按书籍所载，破血下血的药物种类很多，关键在于审察病症明确，那么在制定治疗方案时就不会出错。比如症状兼有寒热，内结不解，则适宜使用莪术、桃仁、郁金、益母草来破除瘀结，取其辛味以散热，苦味以降结的意思。瘀气结聚严重，则适宜使用斑蝥、干漆来降泄，取其气味猛烈，得以迅速解除的意思。寒气既然已经去除，内结更加严重，则适宜使用丹参、郁李仁、没药、姜黄、三七、紫菀、丹参（注：原文重复或指代不明，此处保留）、贯众来攻下瘀血，取其苦味善于降泄，不让内部停滞的意思！寒气既然已经去除，瘀滞不能化解，则适宜使用蒲黄、苏木来疏通，取其气味宣泄，不让郁结停滞的意思。至于借助食用人血来治疗血证，则有虻虫、水蛭可以使用，借助其咸味引导血液下行，则有茜草、血竭、瓦楞子、紫贝齿、䗪虫、鳖甲可以选取。借助其质地轻灵活泼而不凝滞的，则有莲藕、花蕊石可以投用。借助其阴气偏布可以解热的，则有螃蟹、蚯蚓可以吞服。借助其酸涩咸臭的气味来解瘀的，则有皂矾、五灵脂可以加入。唯有苦温而破血的，则又有刘寄奴等药味。但是刘寄奴、自然铜、古文钱、三七、血竭、没药、䗪虫，则用于跌打损伤；蚯蚓则用于解毒；丹参则用于血瘀导致的神志不安；水蛭、虻虫、桃仁，则用于蓄血证；花蕊石则用于金创出血；五灵脂、益母草、蒲黄，则用于妇人血滞；茜草则用于妇人经闭不通；瓦楞子则为妇人癥块积聚而用；斑蝥则为恶疮恶毒而用；郁金则为血瘀胞络、痰气积聚而用；莪术则为血瘀积痛不解而用；郁李仁则为下气行水破血而用；干漆则为铲除老血蛊积而用；紫贝齿则为血蛊水积而用；贯众则为时行不正之气而用；鳖甲则为劳热骨蒸而用；紫参则为血痢痈肿而用；姜黄则为脾中血滞而用；苏木则为表里风气而用；皂矾则为收痰杀虫除湿而用；生藕则为通调津液而用。至于斑蝥、干漆、三七、水蛭、虻虫、䗪虫、螃蟹、瓦楞子、花蕊石，尤为各类方剂中下血败血的最强效者，使用时必须审慎顾护正气，不可稍有忽略，以致在不知不觉中损害人的元气！
(Human Hair) Cools blood and expels stasis.
Human hair specifically enters the Liver and Heart meridians, and additionally enters the Kidney meridian. Its taste is bitter, and its nature is slightly warm. According to texts, it can tonify the Kidney and strengthen Qi. However, it is generally not as effective as Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) in tonifying essence and Qi. (*Su Wen* states: The flourishing of the Kidney manifests in the hair. Wang Bing commented: The Kidney governs marrow, the brain is the sea of marrow, and hair is the flourishing of the brain. When brain marrow decreases, hair becomes white. Hua Shou commented: Water originates from high sources, thus the Kidney's flourishing manifests in hair. Hair is the surplus of blood; blood is a category of water. Hence, physicians call hair "Blood Remainder" (Xue Yu), likely based on this. Ye Shijie in *Caomu Zi* said: The flourishing of essence appears in beard, the flourishing of Qi in eyebrows, and the flourishing of blood in hair. *Lei Yuan* states: Hair belongs to the Heart, inheriting Fire Qi to grow upward; beard belongs to the Kidney, inheriting Water Qi to grow downward; eyebrows belong to the Liver, inheriting Wood Qi to grow sideways. Thus, men have beards due to external flow of Kidney Qi, while women and eunuchs do not, yet eyebrows and hair remain similar.) It is also recorded that it treats fright and epilepsy, regulates cough, secures metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, stops bleeding from dizziness, bloody dysentery, painful urinary dysfunction with blood, tongue bleeding, and epistaxis, as well as strangury with inability to urinate. Applied topically, it treats sores and scabies; incorporated into plasters, it detoxifies. All treatments are effective. (Li Shizhen said: Hair is the surplus of blood. Buried in soil, it does not decay for a thousand years. Boiled until dry, liquid still exudes. If mistakenly ingested, it transforms into parasites. Used in tonics, it prevents hair whitening, which is indeed a miraculous verification.) However, these functions all belong to herbs that unblock orifices, cool blood, dissipate stasis, and generate new tissue. (*Zimu Milu* treats infantile rubella using ash of hair taken with water, two qian; treats sores on both corners of the head using three qian of hair ash taken with juice.) If used by those with Spleen-Stomach deficiency, it often causes vomiting and diarrhea. It should be washed with Gao Jia (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) before use.
Blood is the treasure of the human body; how can one speak of it descending? However, when blood stasis reaches an extreme, accumulating into masses, warming alone merely increases heat, while cooling may increase stagnation. One must select herbs that promote movement and drainage, possessing bitter and salty flavors and potent toxicity, to drive out the stasis, so that blood naturally ceases to coagulate. According to texts, there are many categories of herbs that break blood and induce descent. The key lies in clearly diagnosing the syndrome, ensuring the treatment formula is not erroneous. For instance, if symptoms involve both cold and heat with internal knotting that does not resolve, it is appropriate to use E Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), Yu Jin (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), and Yi Mu Cao (Leonuri Herba) to break the stasis, utilizing their acridity to disperse heat and bitterness to descend knots. If Qi-stasis knotting is severe, Ban Mao (Mylabris) and Gan Qi (Lacca Resina) should be used to descend, leveraging their potent aroma and flavor for rapid resolution. Once cold qi is eliminated but internal knotting worsens, Dan Shen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Yu Li Ren (Pruni Semen), Myrrh, Jiang Huang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), San Qi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix), Dan Shen (repeated in text, likely referring to another herb or emphasis), and Guan Zhong (Dryopteridis Crassirhizoma) should be used to purge, relying on bitterness to descend effectively without causing internal stagnation! Once cold qi is eliminated and stasis fails to transform, Pu Huang (Typhae Pollen) and Su Mu (Sappan Lignum) should be used to dredge, utilizing their dispersing aroma and flavor to prevent郁滞 (stagnation). As for treating blood disorders by borrowing human blood consumption, Meng Chong (Tabanidae) and Shui Zhi (Hirudo) can be used. To borrow salty flavor to guide blood downward, Qian Cao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix), Xue Jie (Daemonorops Resin), Wa Leng Zi (Arcae Shell), Zi Bei Chi (Tridacnidae Testudo), E Chong (Pheretima), and Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) can be selected. To borrow lightness and agility without stagnation, Ou Jie (Nelumbinis Plumula) and Hua Rui Shi (Pyritum) can be employed. To borrow Yin energy distribution for resolution, Xie Pang (Portunus) and Qiu Yin (Lumbricus) can be ingested. To borrow sour, astringent, salty, and foul odors for resolution, Zao Fan (Ferrum Sulfas) and Wu Ling Zhi (Trogopteri Dung) can be added. Only bitter-warm herbs that break stasis include Liu Ji Nu (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), etc. Specifically: Liu Ji Nu, Zi Ran Tong (Natural Copper), Gu Wen Qian (Ancient Coins), San Qi, Xue Jie, Myrrh, and E Chong are used for traumatic injuries; Qiu Yin is used for detoxification; Dan Shen is used for blood stasis causing mental restlessness; Shui Zhi, Meng Chong, and Tao Ren are used for accumulated blood; Hua Rui Shi is used for traumatic bleeding; Wu Ling Zhi, Yi Mu Cao, and Pu Huang are used for female blood stagnation; Qian Cao is used for amenorrhea in women; Wa Leng Zi is used for abdominal masses in women; Ban Mao is used for malignant sores and toxins; Yu Jin is used for blood stasis in the uterus, phlegm-Qi accumulation; E Zhu is used for unresolved blood stasis and pain; Yu Li Ren is used to descend Qi, move water, and break blood; Gan Qi is used to eliminate old blood and蛊积 (parasitic accumulation); Zi Bei Chi is used for blood蛊 and fluid accumulation; Guan Zhong is used for epidemic pathogens; Bie Jia is used for labor fever and bone-steaming; Zi Shen (likely Zhi Mu or similar, text says Zi Shen) is used for bloody dysentery and carbuncles; Jiang Huang is used for Spleen blood stagnation; Su Mu is used for wind affecting interior and exterior; Zao Fan is used to collect phlegm, kill parasites, and remove dampness; Sheng Ou (Raw Lotus Rhizome) is used to regulate fluids. Among them, Ban Mao, Gan Qi, San Qi, Shui Zhi, Meng Chong, E Chong, Xie Pang, Wa Leng Zi, and Hua Rui Shi are the most potent among various formulas for descending blood and destroying stasis. Their use requires careful consideration of the patient's condition, avoiding negligence that might inadvertently damage vital Qi.