（山草）清下焦血热血崩
地榆（专入肝肠胃）。苦酸微寒。性沉而涩。诸书皆言因其苦寒。则能入于下焦血分除
热。俾
热悉从下解。又言性沉而涩。凡人症患吐衄崩中。肠风血痢等症。（肠风下血。清而色鲜。
四射如溅。乃风性使然。素问所谓久风入中。则为肠风飧泄是也。若肛门射血如线。或点滴
不已者。乃五痔之血耳。）得此则能涩血不解。按此不无两岐。讵知其热不除。则血不止。
其热既清。则血自安。且其性主收敛。既能清降。又能收涩。则清不虑其过泄。涩亦不虑其
或滞。实为解热止血药也！但血热者当用。虚寒者不宜用。久病者宜用。初起者不宜用。作
膏可贴金疮。捣汁可涂虎犬蛇虫伤毒。饮之亦可。似柳根。外黑里红。取上截炒黑用。梢反
行血。得发良。恶麦冬。
（苔）生凉血炒止血
卷柏（专入肝）。原属草部。并非侧柏。生于石上。形如拳卷。故以卷名。即俗所谓
万年松者
是也。气坚质浓。味甘性温。入足厥阴肝经血分。其治有分生熟。生则微寒。力能破血通经
。故治症瘕淋结等症。炙则辛温。能以止血。故治肠红脱肛等症。性与侧柏叶悬殊。治亦稍
异。（侧柏叶仗金气以制木。借炒黑以止血。）不可不辨。盐水煮半日。井水煮半日。焙用。
（山草类）清除下焦血热，治疗血崩
地榆（专门进入肝、胃、肠经）。味苦、酸，性微寒。性质沉降且涩滞。各种书籍都说因为它的苦寒之性，所以能进入下焦血分以清除热邪，使热邪全部从下方解除。又说它性质沉降且涩滞，凡是患有吐血、鼻衄（鼻出血）、崩中（妇女非经期大量阴道出血）、肠风血痢等病症的患者（肠风下血：大便清稀且血色鲜红，喷射状如溅出，这是风邪的特性所致，《素问》所说的久风入中，就会变成肠风飧泄是这种情况。如果肛门射血如线，或点滴不止的，则是五痔的出血罢了），得到此药就能涩血而不留瘀。对此观点似乎存在分歧，难道不知道热不除则血不止吗？其热既然被清除，血液自然安宁。而且它的性质主要主收敛，既能清降又能收涩，所以清热不用担心过度泄泻，收涩也不用担心导致瘀滞，实在是解热止血的良药！但血热者应当使用，虚寒者不宜使用，久病者适宜使用，初起者不宜使用。制成膏剂可以贴敷金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），捣碎取汁可以涂抹虎、犬、蛇、虫咬伤中毒之处，口服也可以。外形像柳根，外皮黑内里红，取上部截段炒黑后使用，梢部反而行血，与头发配伍效果良好，畏麦冬。
（苔藓类）生用凉血，炒用止血
卷柏（专门进入肝经）。原本属于草部，并非侧柏。生长在石头上，形状像拳头卷曲，所以以“卷”命名，就是俗称的万年松。气味坚实质地浓重，味甘性温，进入足厥阴肝经的血分。它的治疗作用有生熟之分，生用时微寒，力量能破血通经，所以治疗症瘕（腹内结块）、淋证结聚等病症；炙烤后辛温，能够止血，所以治疗肠红（便血）、脱肛等病症。它的性质与侧柏叶截然不同，治疗作用也稍有差异。（侧柏叶凭借金气来制约木气，借助炒黑来止血。）不可不加以辨别。用盐水煮半天，井水煮半天，焙干后使用。
(Mountain Herbs) Clears Heat from the Blood in the Lower Jiao, treats Metrorrhagia (heavy uterine bleeding).
Di Yu (Sanguisorbae Radix) [Specifically enters the Liver, Stomach, and Large Intestine channels]. Bitter, sour, slightly cold. Its nature is sinking and astringent. All books state that due to its bitter-cold property, it can enter the blood aspect of the Lower Jiao to eliminate Heat, allowing the Heat to be resolved entirely through downward discharge. It is also said that its nature is sinking and astringent; for patients suffering from vomiting blood, epistaxis (nosebleed), metrorrhagia, intestinal wind with bloody dysentery, etc. (Intestinal wind with bloody stool: the stool is clear and thin with bright red blood, spraying out like splashes, which is caused by the nature of Wind; as stated in *Su Wen*, prolonged Wind entering the interior leads to intestinal wind and undigested food diarrhea. If blood sprays from the anus like a thread or drips incessantly, this is blood from the five types of hemorrhoids.), this herb can astringe the blood without causing stagnation. At first glance, this seems contradictory. However, one must realize that if Heat is not eliminated, bleeding will not stop; once the Heat is cleared, the blood naturally settles. Moreover, its nature primarily governs convergence; since it can both clear/descend and astringe, clearing Heat does not worry about excessive draining, and astringing does not worry about causing stagnation. It is truly an excellent herb for resolving Heat and stopping bleeding! However, it should be used for those with Blood Heat, but is unsuitable for those with Deficiency-Cold; it is suitable for chronic illnesses, but unsuitable for acute onset. Prepared as a plaster, it can be applied to metal-induced wounds (*Jin Chuang*); crushed for juice, it can be applied externally to treat venom from tiger, dog, snake, or insect bites/stings, and can also be taken orally. It resembles willow root, with black exterior and red interior. The upper section is taken, stir-fried until charred, and used; the tip actually promotes blood circulation. It pairs well with human hair. It is incompatible with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong).
(Mosses) Raw use cools Blood, stir-fried use stops bleeding.
Juan Bai (Selaginellae Herba) [Specifically enters the Liver channel]. Originally belonging to the grass category, it is not *Bai Ji* (Biota Orientalis Leaf). It grows on rocks, shaped like a curled fist, hence named "Juan" (curled). It is what is commonly known as Wan Nian Song (Evergreen Pine). Its Qi is firm and its substance dense; taste is sweet, nature is warm. It enters the Blood aspect of the Foot Jueyin Liver channel. Its therapeutic effects differ between raw and processed states. When raw, it is slightly cold and powerful enough to break Blood and unblock menstruation, thus treating conditions such as *Zheng Jia* (abdominal masses) and stranguroidal accumulation. When roasted/processed, it becomes acrid-warm and can stop bleeding, thus treating intestinal redness (hematochezia) and rectal prolapse. Its nature is vastly different from *Ce Bai Ye* (Biota Orientalis Folium), and its treatments are also slightly different. (*Ce Bai Ye* relies on Metal Qi to restrain Wood, and uses charring to stop bleeding.) This distinction must not be overlooked. Boil in salt water for half a day, boil in well water for half a day, then dry-roast before use.