（寓木）补肝肾除风湿强筋骨
桑寄生（专入肝肾）。感桑精气而生。味苦而甘。性平而和。不寒不热。号为补肾补血
要剂。
缘肾主骨发。主血。苦入肾。肾得补则筋骨有力。不致痿痹而酸痛矣。甘补血。血得补则发
受其灌荫。而不枯脱落矣。故凡内而腰痛筋骨笃疾胎堕。外而金疮肌肤风湿。何一不借此以
为主治乎？第出桑树生者真。（须自采。或连桑叶者乃可用。）和茎叶细锉阴干。忌火。服则
其效如神。若杂树所出。性气不同。恐反有害。
（香木）养心血
柏子仁（专入心）。辛甘平润。考书俱言四脏皆补。究之止属心药耳。盖香虽能补脾。
而实可
以通窍而入心。润虽可以补肝而益肾。而实可以宁神而定智。甘虽足以和胃而固中。而实足
以益血而神守。是以风湿可除。惊痫可疗。邪魅可辟。皮肤可泽。惟见神恬气适。耳聪目明
。而无枯槁燥涩之患矣。然性多润滑。（凡仁皆润。）阴寒泄泻者切忌。气多香泄。体虚火盛
者亦忌。若云不饥不老。延年轻身。虽出经典。仍当活视。毋为书执。蒸熟曝干自裂。入药
炒研去油用。畏菊花。
（灌木）冬青子补肝强筋补肾健骨。女贞子补肾水滑肠胃 枸骨子补腰膝理失血
冬青（专入肝肾）。女贞枸骨。载之本草。已属不同。如冬青即今俗呼冻青树者。女贞
即今俗
呼蜡树者。枸骨即今俗呼猫儿刺者。冬青女贞。花繁子盛。累累满树。冬月鹳鹆喜食。木肌
皆白。叶浓而柔长。绿色面青背淡。形色相似。但女贞则叶长四五寸。子黑色。冬青则叶微
团。子红色之为异耳。今人不知女贞即属蜡树。仅以女贞茂盛呼为冬青。致令两物同名枸骨
树。若女贞肌白叶长。青翠而浓。叶有五刺。子若冬青绯红。以致混将是物亦列女贞项下。
究之三物合论。在冬青苦甘而凉。诸书虽言补肝强筋。补肾健骨。（简集方。冬至日取冻青
树子。盐酒浸一夜。九蒸九晒。瓶收。每日空心酒吞七十粒。卧时再服。）而补仍兼有清。
女贞气味苦平。按书称为补虚上品。可以滋水黑发。如古方之用旱莲草桑椹子同入以治虚损
。然亦须审脾气坚浓。稍涉虚寒。必致作泄。枸骨气味苦平。按书有言能补腰膝。及治劳伤
失血。（用枸骨数斤。去刺。入红枣二三斤。熬膏蜜收。）亦是补水培精之味。但性多阴不燥
。用以阴虚则宜。而于阳虚有碍。枝叶可以淋汁煎膏以涂白癜风。脂亦可以为 粘雀。三药
气味不同。至就其子红黑以推。大约色红则能入肝补血。色黑则能入肾滋水。色红则能入血
理血。故于失血血瘀有效。色黑则能补精化血。故于乌须黑发有功。然色红而润。其性阴。
兼有阳。色黑而润。其性纯阴不杂。故书有言女贞补中安脏。而又议其阴寒至极。凡此似同
而异。在人平昔细为考核。免至临岐亡羊耳！冬日采佳。酒浸蒸润晒干用。
（寄生类）补益肝肾，祛除风湿，强健筋骨
桑寄生（专门入肝肾经）。依附于桑树生长而汲取其精气。味道苦而甘。性质平和温和。不寒也不热。被誉为补肾补血的要药。
因为肾主骨骼和头发，也主血液。苦味入肾，肾得到补益则筋骨有力，不会导致痿软麻痹及酸痛。甘味补血，血液得到补益则头发受到滋养，不会干枯脱落。所以凡是内部的腰痛、筋骨严重疾病、胎动不安或堕胎，外部的金创损伤、肌肤风湿，哪一样不是借此作为主要治疗手段呢？只是出自桑树的才是正宗的。（必须自行采集，或者连着桑叶一起采摘才可用。）将茎叶细细切碎后阴干，忌用火烤。服用起来效果如神。如果是其他树木寄生的，性味不同，恐怕反而有害。
（香木类）滋养心血
柏子仁（专门入心经）。辛、甘、平、润。考察书籍都说它能补益四脏，但究其实质，只属于心经的药物罢了。大概香气虽然能补脾，但实际上可以通窍而入心；滋润虽然可以补肝并益肾，但实际上可以宁神定志；甘味虽然足以和胃固中，但实际上足以益血使神守。因此风湿可以祛除，惊痫可以治疗，邪气可以辟除，皮肤可以润泽。只见神情恬静、气息舒适，耳聪目明，而没有干枯燥涩的祸患了。然而它的性质多润滑。（凡是种子仁类都润。）阴虚寒湿导致的泄泻者切忌使用。气味多香散，体质虚弱且火盛者也要忌用。如果说它能让人不饥不老、延年益寿、轻身，虽然出自经典，但仍应当灵活看待，不要拘泥于书本。蒸熟后晒干会自然裂开，入药需炒研并去油使用。畏菊花。
（灌木类）冬青子补肝强筋、补肾健骨；女贞子补肾水、滑利肠胃；枸骨子补腰膝、调理失血
冬青（专门入肝肾经）。女贞子和枸骨子，记载在本草中，已经属于不同的植物。比如冬青就是现在俗称冻青树的；女贞就是现在俗称蜡树的；枸骨就是现在俗称猫儿刺的。冬青和女贞，花朵繁茂，果实丰盛，累累挂满枝头，冬天鹳鸟和黄鹂喜欢食用。木质肌理都是白色的，叶子浓密柔长，正面绿色背面淡色，形色相似。但是女贞叶子长四五寸，果实黑色；冬青叶子微圆，果实红色，这是它们的区别。现在的人不知道女贞就是蜡树，仅仅因为女贞茂盛就呼为冬青，导致两种植物同名。枸骨树如果女贞肌白叶长，青翠浓密，叶有五刺，果实像冬青那样绯红，以致混淆，也将这种植物列在女贞项下。
究其实，这三种植物合在一起讨论：冬青味道苦甘而凉，各书虽然说它补肝强筋、补肾健骨。（《简集方》记载：冬至日取冻青树的果实，用盐和酒浸泡一夜，九蒸九晒，瓶贮收藏，每天空腹用酒送服七十粒，睡觉时再服一次。）但其补益作用仍兼有清热的功效。女贞气味苦平，按书籍称为补虚上品，可以滋补肾水、黑发。如古方中使用旱莲草、桑椹子一同入药以治疗虚损。但也必须审视脾气是否坚实浓厚，稍微涉及虚寒，必然导致腹泻。枸骨气味苦平，按书籍说能补腰膝，以及治疗劳伤失血。（用枸骨数斤，去掉刺，加入红枣二三斤，熬成膏，用蜜收存。）也是补水培精的药物。但性质多阴而不燥，用于阴虚适宜，而对阳虚有妨碍。枝叶可以榨汁煎膏来涂抹白癜风。油脂也可以用来粘捕麻雀。这三种药物气味不同，大致从果实的红黑来推断：大约红色果实能入肝补血，黑色果实能入肾滋水；红色果实能入血分调理血液，所以对失血、血瘀有效；黑色果实能补精化血，所以对乌须黑发有功。然而红色果实且润泽，其性属阴，兼有阳；黑色果实且润泽，其性纯阴不杂。所以书中有言女贞补中安脏，又议论它阴寒至极。凡此种种，看似相同实则不同，在于人们平时仔细考核，以免到关键时刻迷失方向！冬天采集为佳，用酒浸泡，蒸润后晒干使用。
(Parasitic Plants) Tonify the Liver and Kidneys, dispel Wind-Dampness, strengthen sinews and bones.
Sangjisheng (Taxi Herba [Visci Herba]) (specifically enters the Liver and Kidney meridians). It grows by absorbing the essence of the Mulberry tree. Its taste is bitter and sweet. Its nature is neutral and harmonious, neither cold nor hot. It is hailed as a crucial agent for tonifying the Kidney and nourishing Blood.
Since the Kidney governs bones and hair, and also governs Blood: Bitter flavor enters the Kidney; when the Kidney is tonified, sinews and bones become strong, preventing flaccidity, numbness, soreness, and pain. Sweet flavor nourishes Blood; when Blood is nourished, hair receives irrigation and does not wither or fall out. Therefore, whether internally involving lower back pain, severe bone and sinew diseases, threatened miscarriage, or abortion, or externally involving traumatic injuries, skin conditions, and Wind-Dampness, which one does not rely on this as the primary treatment? However, only those growing on Mulberry trees are authentic. (Must be self-harvested, or those connected with Mulberry leaves can be used.) The stems and leaves should be finely chopped and dried in the shade, avoiding fire. When taken, its efficacy is like magic. If parasitic on other trees, their nature and Qi differ, which may cause harm instead.
(Fragrant Wood) Nourish Heart Blood.
Baiziren (Platycladi Semen [Biota Seed]) (specifically enters the Heart meridian). Pungent, sweet, neutral, and moistening. Books state it tonifies all four Zang organs, but upon investigation, it essentially belongs to the Heart organ. Although fragrance can tonify the Spleen, it actually opens orifices and enters the Heart. Moisturizing can tonify the Liver and benefit the Kidney, but it actually calms the Spirit and stabilizes wisdom. Sweetness is sufficient to harmonize the Stomach and secure the Middle Jiao, but it actually benefits Blood and allows the Spirit to reside. Thus, Wind-Dampness can be dispelled, fright and epilepsy can be treated, evil influences can be repelled, and skin can become lustrous. One sees only a tranquil spirit and comfortable Qi, with clear hearing and vision, without the affliction of withering, dryness, and roughness. However, its nature is very lubricating. (All seeds/nuts are moistening.) Those with Yin deficiency and cold diarrhea must strictly avoid it. Its Qi is fragrant and dispersing; those with weak constitution and flourishing Fire must also avoid it. Claims that it prevents hunger and aging, extends life, and lightens the body, although found in classics, should still be viewed flexibly, not dogmatically. Steamed and then sun-dried until it cracks naturally. For medicinal use, stir-fry, grind, and remove oil. It fears Chrysanthemum.
(Shrubs) Dongqingzi tonifies the Liver, strengthens sinews, tonifies the Kidney, and strengthens bones; Nüzhenzi tonifies Kidney Water and lubricates the intestines and stomach; Gouguizi tonifies the waist and knees, regulates blood loss.
Dongqing (Ligustrum Lucidum Fruit [Glossy Privet Fruit] - *Note: Text distinguishes Dongqing from Nüzhen, but traditionally Dongqing often refers to Ilex chinensis or Ligustrum lucidum depending on context; here text says Dongqing is "Dongqing tree" and Nüzhen is "Wax tree". Standard TCM Dongqing Zi is usually Ligustrum lucidum, but the text contrasts them. I will translate based on the text's distinction.*) (specifically enters the Liver and Kidney meridians). Nüzhen and Gougu, recorded in Materia Medica, belong to different plants. For example, Dongqing is what is commonly called the Frozen Green Tree today; Nüzhen is what is commonly called the Wax Tree today; Gougu is what is commonly called the Cat Thistle today. Dongqing and Nüzhen have abundant flowers and plentiful fruits, hanging heavily on the branches, preferred by storks and orioles in winter. Their wood texture is white, leaves are dense, soft, and long, green on the front and pale on the back, similar in shape and color. However, Nüzhen leaves are 4-5 cun long, and fruits are black; Dongqing leaves are slightly round, and fruits are red, which is the difference. People today do not know that Nüzhen is the Wax Tree, merely calling it Dongqing because it is lush, causing two plants to share a name. If Nüzhen has white wood, long leaves, lush greenery, five thorns on leaves, and fruits like Dongqing's crimson red, leading to confusion where this plant is listed under Nüzhen.
Ultimately, discussing these three together: Dongqing is bitter, sweet, and cool. Although books say it tonifies the Liver, strengthens sinews, tonifies the Kidney, and strengthens bones (*Jian Ji Fang*: Take Dongqing tree fruits on Winter Solstice, soak in salt wine overnight, steam nine times and sun-dry nine times, store in a bottle, take 70 pills with wine on an empty stomach daily, and again before bed), its tonification also includes clearing properties. Nüzhen is bitter and neutral. According to books, it is a superior article for tonifying deficiency, able to nourish Water and darken hair. As used in ancient formulas with Hanliancao (Ecliptae Herba) and Sangshenzhi (Mori Fructus) to treat deficiency consumptive diseases. However, one must examine if the Spleen Qi is solid and thick; if slightly involving deficiency-cold, it will inevitably cause diarrhea. Gougu is bitter and neutral. Books state it can tonify the waist and knees, and treat labor injury and blood loss. (Use several jin of Gougu, remove thorns, add 2-3 jin of Red Dates, boil into paste, preserve with honey.) It is also a substance that nourishes Water and cultivates Essence. But its nature is mostly Yin and not drying; suitable for Yin deficiency, but detrimental to Yang deficiency. Branches and leaves can be juiced and boiled into paste to apply to vitiligo. The fat/oil can also be used to catch sparrows. These three medicines have different flavors and odors. Generally inferring from the red and black colors of their fruits: roughly, red color enters the Liver to nourish Blood, black color enters the Kidney to nourish Water; red color enters the Blood level to regulate Blood, thus effective for blood loss and blood stasis; black color tonifies Essence and transforms into Blood, thus effective for darkening beard and hair. However, red and moist nature is Yin, combined with Yang; black and moist nature is purely Yin without admixture. Hence, books say Nüzhen tonifies the center and calms the Zang organs, yet discusses its extreme Yin-cold nature. All these seem similar but are different; it depends on careful examination in daily life to avoid losing the way at the critical moment. Harvest in winter, soak in wine, steam and moisten, then sun-dry for use.