（毒草）攻坚破硬拔毒
凤仙子（专入肾）。又名急性子。是俗所谓金凤花子是也。其性急猛异常。味苦气温。
小毒。
凡人病患顽痰积块。噎膈骨鲠。服之立刻见效。以其气味急迫。能于骨穴坚硬处所。极力搜
治。是以胜金丹用之以治狂痴。取其急领砒毒吐泄。同砒以点牙疼。即落。同独蒜捣汁以涂
痞
块。即消。（噎食不下。用凤仙花子酒浸三宿。晒干为末。酒丸绿豆大。每服八粒。温酒下
。不可多用。即急性子也。）加麝香阿魏尤捷。投子以煮硬肉。即烂。但此生不虫蠹。蜂蝶
不近。且多食则戟人喉。似非无毒。用之当细审量可耳。
（乔木）祛脏腑沉寒通大便寒结
巴豆（专入肠胃）。辛热大毒。据书所载生猛熟缓。可升可降。能行能止。开窍宣滞。
去脏腑
沉寒。为斩关夺命之将。夫既能宣滞通窍。则药能降能行。何书又言能升能止耶？此数字不
无令人少疑。究之书之所言降者。因有沉寒痼冷。积聚于脏。深入不毛。故欲去不能。不去
不得。非无辛热迅利斩关直入。扫除阴霾。推陈致新。亦安能荡涤而如斯哉？是即书之所谓
能降能行者耳。至有久病溏泄。服升提涩药而泻反甚。脉滑而沉。是明脾胃久伤冷积凝气所
致。法当用以热下。则寒去利止。而脉始得上升。是即所谓能升能止者是也。（时珍曰。一
妇年六十余。溏泄五载。犯生冷油腻肉食即作痛。服升涩药泻反甚。脉沉而滑。此乃脾胃久
伤
积冷凝滞。法当以热下之。用蜡匮巴豆丸五十粒。服一二日不利而愈。自是每用治泄痢。愈
者近百人耳。）夫医理玄远。变化靡尽。在人引伸触类。毋为书执。则用药不岐。即如大黄
？亦属开闭通便之品。然惟腑病多热者最宜。若以脏病多寒而用大黄通利。不亦自相悖谬乎
。（故仲景治伤寒传里多热者。多用大黄。东垣治五积属脏者。多用巴豆。与大黄同服。反
不泻人。）故曰。误用有推墙倒壁之虞。善用有戡乱调中之妙。元素曰。世以治酒病膈气。
而以巴豆辛热。通开肠胃郁热。（巴豆禀火烈之气。）第郁结虽通。血液随亡。其阴亏损伤。
寒结胸膈。小儿疳积。用之不死亦危。奈何庸人畏大黄而不畏巴豆。以其性热剂小耳。试以
少许轻擦皮肤。须臾发泡。况下肠胃。能无溃灼熏烂之患乎？即有急症。不得已而用之。（
汪昂曰。缠喉急痹。缓治则死。用解毒丸。雄黄一两。郁金一钱。巴豆十四粒去皮油。为丸
。每用五分。津咽下。雄黄破结气。郁金破恶气。巴豆下稠涎。然系厉剂。不可轻用。或用
纸捻蘸巴豆油。燃火刺喉。或捣巴豆绵裹。随左右纳鼻中。吐出恶涎紫血即宽。）压去其油
。取霜少许入药可也。（时珍曰。巴豆紧小者为雌。有棱及两头尖者是雄。雄者更峻耳。用
之得宜。皆有功力。不去膜则伤胃。不去心则作呕。）或用壳用仁用油。生用炒用。醋煮烧
存性用。研去油。名巴霜。芫花为使。畏大黄黄连凉水。（中其毒者。以此解之。或黑豆绿
豆汁亦佳。）得火良。
（毒草）具有攻坚破硬、拔除毒素的功效。
凤仙子（专入肾经）。又名急性子。就是民间所说的金凤花种子。它的药性急猛异常。味道苦，性质温。有小毒。
凡是患有顽痰积聚成块、噎膈（吞咽困难）、骨鲠（异物感或实际卡喉）的病人，服用它立刻见效。因为它的药气急迫，能在骨骼穴位及坚硬之处，极力搜剔治疗。所以胜金丹用它来治疗狂痴（精神失常），是取其能紧急引领砒毒吐出排泄；与砒霜同用点牙疼，疼痛即刻落下；与独蒜捣汁涂抹痞块（腹部肿块），痞块即消。（治疗噎食不下，用凤仙花种子酒浸三夜，晒干研为末，制成如绿豆大的酒丸，每次服八粒，温酒送下。不可多用，这就是急性子。）加入麝香、阿魏效果更快捷。将种子投入煮硬肉中，肉即烂。但这种植物本身不生虫蛀，蜂蝶不靠近。而且多吃会刺伤人的喉咙，似乎并非无毒。使用时应当仔细审度衡量即可。
（乔木）祛除脏腑深层寒邪，通导大便寒结。
巴豆（专入肠胃经）。味辛，性热，有大毒。据书籍记载，生用猛烈，熟用缓和；可升可降；能行能止；开窍宣通滞气。祛除脏腑深层寒邪，被称为斩关夺命的猛将。既然它能宣通滞气、开通窍道，那么药物作用应该是降和行，为什么书中又说它能升能止呢？这几个字不免让人产生少许疑惑。推究书中所说的“降”，是因为有沉寒痼冷积聚在脏，深入难治之地，想要去除却难以去除，不去除又不行。如果没有辛热迅利之品斩关直入，扫除阴霾，推陈致新，又怎么能如此荡涤清除呢？这就是书中所谓的“能降能行”。至于那些久病溏泄（大便稀薄），服用升提涩肠药后腹泻反而加重，脉象滑而沉的，这是脾胃长期受伤，冷积凝滞所致。治法应当用热药攻下，则寒去利止，脉象才能上升。这就是所谓“能升能止”的情况。（李时珍说：有一位六十多岁的妇女，溏泄五年，吃生冷油腻肉食就发作疼痛，服用升提涩肠药后腹泻反而加重，脉沉而滑。这是脾胃长期受伤，积冷凝滞所致。治法应当用热药攻下。用蜡封巴豆丸五十粒，服用一两天后未通便但病愈。从此以后每用此法治泻痢，治愈近百人。）医理玄妙深远，变化无穷，在于医生能引申触类旁通，不要拘泥于书本，这样用药就不会偏颇。就像大黄，也属于开闭通便的药物。然而只有腑病多热的情况最适合。如果用大黄通利来治疗多寒的脏病，不是自相矛盾吗？（所以张仲景治疗伤寒传里多热的病症，多用大黄；李东垣治疗五积属脏的病症，多用巴豆，与大黄同服，反而不使人腹泻。）所以说，误用会有推墙倒壁的虞虑，善用则有戡乱调中的奇妙功效。王好古说：世人用巴豆的辛热之性治疗酒病膈气，以通开肠胃郁热。（巴豆禀受火烈之气。）虽然郁结通了，但血液随之耗亡，造成阴亏损伤。对于寒结胸膈、小儿疳积，使用它不死也会危险。为什么庸医害怕大黄而不害怕巴豆呢？只因为巴豆性热且剂量小罢了。试着用少量轻擦皮肤，一会儿就会发泡，何况进入肠胃，难道没有溃烂灼伤的祸患吗？即使有急症，不得已而使用它。（汪昂说：缠喉急痹，缓治则死。用解毒丸，雄黄一两，郁金一钱，巴豆十四粒去皮去油，制成丸药。每次用五分，津液送下。雄黄破结气，郁金破恶气，巴豆下稠涎。但这属于猛烈药剂，不可轻用。或者用纸捻蘸巴豆油，点燃火刺激喉咙；或者捣碎巴豆用棉包裹，随左右鼻孔塞入，吐出恶涎紫血即缓解。）压去其油，取少量巴豆霜入药即可。（李时珍说：巴豆紧小的是雌性的，有棱且两头尖的是雄性的，雄性者药力更峻猛。使用得当，都有功效。不去膜则伤胃，不去心则作呕。）或者用壳、用仁、用油；生用、炒用；醋煮烧存性用；研去油，名为巴霜。芫花为其使药。畏大黄、黄连、凉水。（中毒者，以此解之。或用黑豆、绿豆汁也很好。）得火则良。
(Venomous Herbs) Capable of breaking down hard accumulations and extracting toxins.
Fengxianzi (Phyllanthus urinaria seeds, specifically entering the Kidney meridian). Also known as Jixingzi. It is what the common people call the seed of the Golden Phoenix flower. Its nature is extremely urgent and fierce. The taste is bitter, and the temperature is warm. It possesses slight toxicity.
For patients suffering from stubborn phlegm and accumulated masses, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), or a sensation of a foreign body in the throat, taking it yields immediate results. Because its qi and flavor are urgent and pressing, it can vigorously search out and treat conditions in bone acupoints and hard areas. Therefore, Shengjin Dan uses it to treat mania and dementia, taking advantage of its ability to urgently lead arsenic to be vomited and purged; when used with arsenic to cauterize toothache, the pain drops immediately; when mixed with garlic juice and applied to epigastric masses, the masses dissipate. (To treat inability to swallow food, soak Fengxian flower seeds in wine for three nights, dry them, grind into powder, make pills the size of mung beans, take eight pills each time, washed down with warm wine. Do not use in large amounts. This is also Jixingzi.) Adding Moschus (She Xiang) and Ferulae Resina (Ewei) makes it even more effective. Putting the seeds into boiling hard meat causes it to rot. However, this plant itself does not suffer from insect damage, and bees and butterflies do not approach it. Moreover, eating too much will pierce the human throat, suggesting it is not without toxicity. When using it, one must carefully examine and measure.
(Trees) Dispelling deep cold in the zang-fu organs and unblocking constipation due to cold accumulation.
Badou (Crotonis Fructus, specifically entering the Stomach and Intestine meridians). Pungent, hot, and highly toxic. According to texts, raw form is fierce, cooked form is mild; it can ascend and descend; it can move and stop; it opens orifices and disseminates stagnation. It removes deep cold from the zang-fu organs and is regarded as a general who seizes passes and夺命 (snatches life). Since it can disseminate stagnation and open orifices, why do some books say it can ascend and stop? These few words inevitably cause slight doubt. Upon investigation, what the book calls "descending" refers to cases where deep cold and chronic cold accumulate in the zang organs, penetrating deeply into barren places. One wishes to remove it but cannot easily do so, yet leaving it is not an option. Without pungent, hot, and rapid agents seizing the pass and entering directly to sweep away yin pathogens and eliminate the old to generate the new, how could such thorough cleansing occur? This is what the book means by "can descend and move." As for those with long-term loose stools who, after taking ascending and astringent medicines, experience worsened diarrhea with a slippery and deep pulse, this is clearly caused by long-term injury to the Spleen and Stomach and congealed cold qi. The method should be to use hot purgatives; then the cold leaves, the diarrhea stops, and the pulse rises. This is what is meant by "can ascend and stop." (Li Shizhen said: A woman over sixty years old had loose stools for five years. Pain occurred whenever she consumed raw, cold, greasy, or meat foods. After taking ascending and astringent medicines, her diarrhea worsened, and her pulse was deep and slippery. This was due to long-term Spleen-Stomach injury with accumulated cold and stagnation. The method should be to purge with heat. Using fifty wax-coated Badou pills, taken over one or two days, resulted in no bowel movement but cure. Since then, I have used this to treat diarrhea and dysentery, curing nearly a hundred people.) Medical principles are profound and changes endless; it depends on the practitioner to extend and analogize, not being bound by books, so that medication is not deviant. Just like Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), which is also a product for opening blockage and unblocking bowels. However, it is most suitable only for fu organ diseases characterized by heat. If Dahuang is used to unblock and promote urination/stool for zang organ diseases characterized by cold, is this not self-contradictory? (Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing treated Shanghan [Cold Damage] transmitting to the interior with much heat, mostly using Dahuang; Li Dongyuan treated Wuji [Five Accumulations] belonging to zang organs, mostly using Badou, administered together with Dahuang, which surprisingly did not cause diarrhea in patients.) Thus it is said: Misuse carries the risk of pushing down walls and overturning battlements; skillful use holds the wonder of quelling chaos and regulating the middle. Wang Haogu said: The world uses the pungent-hot nature of Badou to treat alcohol-induced diseases and diaphragmatic qi stagnation, to open up stagnant heat in the stomach and intestines. (Badou inherits the fierce energy of fire.) Although the stagnation is cleared, blood is lost along with it, causing yin deficiency and damage. For cold binding in the chest and diaphragm, or pediatric gan accumulation, using it may not kill but will endanger. Why do mediocre physicians fear Dahuang but not Badou? Only because Badou is hot in nature and the dose is small. Try rubbing a little on the skin; blisters appear in an instant. How much more so when entering the stomach and intestines—will there not be risks of ulceration, burning, and rotting? Even in emergency cases, if one must use it... (Wang Ang said: For Chanhou Ji Bi [Strangling Throat Acute Obstruction], delaying treatment leads to death. Use Jiedu Wan: Xionghuang (Realgar) 1 liang, Yujin (Curcumae Radix) 1 qian, Badou 14 grains peeled and oil-extracted. Make pills. Take 5 fen each time, swallowed with saliva. Xionghuang breaks condensed qi, Yujin breaks evil qi, Badou expels thick phlegm. However, this is a harsh agent and should not be used lightly. Alternatively, dip a paper wick in Badou oil, ignite it, and prick the throat; or crush Badou, wrap in cotton, and insert into either nostril according to symptoms. Vomiting out evil phlegm and purple blood brings relief.) Press out the oil, take a small amount of Bashuang (Badou Frost) for medicinal use. (Li Shizhen said: Tight and small Badou are female; those with edges and pointed at both ends are male. Male ones are more severe. Used appropriately, both have efficacy. Not removing the membrane injures the stomach; not removing the heart induces vomiting.) Whether using the shell, kernel, or oil; raw or fried; vinegar-boiled and charred to retain nature; ground and oil-extracted, named Bashuang. Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos) is its guiding herb. It is inhibited by Dahuang, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and cold water. (In case of poisoning, these can resolve it. Black bean or mung bean juice is also good.) Fire is beneficial for it.