保元方∶田螺涎能去水肿,用田螺不拘多少,水漂,加香油一盏于水内,其涎自然吐出,
取
晒干为末,每服不过三分,酒调下,水自小便下,气自大便出,肿即消;再服养脾胃药,全
愈。
浓壳紫口而园者曰蛤蜊。纲目本条下,载其肉性寒,而辟高武宗痘疹正宗以为可发疹及
治痘
毒入目取其汁点之说为谬,不知其肉惟性寒,方能解热药之毒,正取其与丹石相反为用耳。
治痈疔痘毒 集听载一捻金方,治一切痈疽肿毒初起最验,兼治疔疮喉风、蛇伤犬咬,及小
儿痘毒。乳香一钱,雄黄三钱,血竭钱半,此三味不必制;没药一钱,明矾一钱,朱砂三钱
,红信六钱,麝香六分,蟾酥一钱,蛤蜊肉二钱,蜈蚣三钱,甲片炒三钱,僵蚕一钱,川乌
一钱,牙皂四钱,共为末,以瓷罐贮之。大人一分五厘,小人七厘,强者二分亦可,将葱白
三寸捣烂,和药为丸,好酒服下,取汗;再服,不必汗。
蚬生沙泥中,江湖溪涧多有,其类不一,有黄蚬、黑蚬、白蚬、金口、玉口等名。黄蚬
壳薄
肉肥,黑蚬壳浓肉薄。又番禺韦涌地方产无耳蚬,更甘美异常。凡蛤之属皆能孕子,而黄蚬
化蛾而散卵,白蚬藉雾以生形,则又一异。海南介语∶蚬在沙者黄,在泥者黑。蚬老则肉出
小蛾而蚬死,小蛾复散卵水上为蚬;凡南风雾重,则多白蚬,北风雾则否。盖白蚬之生,生
于雾。雾味咸,咸为白蚬所生之本。始生时,白蚬之形如雾,自空而下,若无若有,人见以
为雾也。渔人知之,以为天雨蚬子也。蚬子即成,以天暖而肥,寒而瘠。在茭塘沙湾二都江
水中,积浓至数十百丈,是曰蚬塘,其利颇大。纲目蚬下集解,尚欠详晰,且其主治下壳肉
蚬水皆载,而蚬腊无闻焉,特采介语以补。
解蛊,并治不服水土(介语)。
《保元方》记载:田螺的黏液能够消除水肿。取适量田螺,用水漂洗,在水中加入一盏香油,田螺便会自然吐出黏液。将黏液取出晒干后研成粉末,每次服用不超过三分,用酒调服。水湿通过小便排出,气滞通过大便排出,肿胀随即消退;之后再服用调理脾胃的药物,即可完全痊愈。
外壳浓紫、口部圆润的是蛤蜊。《本草纲目》在相关条目下记载其肉质性寒。高武在《痘疹正宗》中认为蛤蜊肉可以发疹以及治疗痘毒入眼,并主张取其汁液点眼,这种说法是错误的。殊不知蛤蜊肉之所以性寒,正是为了化解热药的毒性,这正是利用其与丹石类药物相反的特性来发挥作用。
治疗痈疽疔疮及痘毒:《集验方》(注:原文“集听”疑为“集验”或特定医籍简称,此处依文意译为集验方/收录之方)记载的“一捻金”方,治疗各种痈疽肿毒初起时最为灵验,兼治疔疮、喉风、蛇咬伤、狗咬伤以及小儿痘毒。配方如下:乳香一钱,雄黄三钱,血竭半钱,这三味药不必炮制;没药一钱,明矾一钱,朱砂三钱,红信石六钱,麝香六分,蟾酥一钱,蛤蜊肉二钱,蜈蚣三条,穿山甲片炒制三钱,僵蚕一钱,川乌一钱,牙皂四钱。将所有药材共同研成细末,用瓷罐储存。成人服用一分五厘,儿童服用七厘,体质强壮者可服用二分。将三寸长的葱白捣烂,与药末混合制成丸剂,用好酒送服,以出汗为度;再次服用时,则不必追求出汗。
蚬生活在沙泥之中,江河湖泊溪流涧水中多有分布,种类不一,有黄蚬、黑蚬、白蚬、金口、玉口等名称。黄蚬壳薄肉厚,黑蚬壳厚肉薄。另外,番禺韦涌地方出产一种无耳蚬,味道更加甘美异常。凡是蛤类都能孕育后代,但黄蚬会化蛾散卵,白蚬借助雾气生成形体,这又是另一种奇异之处。海南的方言记载:“生长在沙中的蚬呈黄色,生长在泥中的蚬呈黑色。”蚬年老时,肉会化为小蛾而蚬死亡,小蛾再在水面散播卵粒变成新的蚬;每当南风雾重时,就会产生很多白蚬,北风有雾则不会。大概白蚬的生长,源于雾气。雾气味道咸,咸味是白蚬生成的根本。刚出生时,白蚬的形状像雾气,从空中落下,若有若无,人们看见以为是雾。渔夫知道这一点,认为这是天降蚬子。蚬子长成后,天气暖和时肉质肥美,寒冷时则瘦弱。在茭塘、沙湾两个都的江水中,积聚浓厚可达数十上百丈深,称为蚬塘,利益颇大。《本草纲目》在蚬的条目下的集解部分,尚不够详细清晰,且在其主治功效下,贝壳、肉质和蚬水都有记载,却未提及“蚬腊”,特此采集民间方言以作补充。
蚬腊能解蛊毒,并治疗不服水土的症状(依据民间方言)。
The *Baoyuan Fang* (Preservation of Vital Qi Formula) records: The mucus of the river snail (*Pila virgata*) can eliminate edema. Take an arbitrary amount of river snails, rinse them with water, add one *zhan* (a traditional unit of volume) of sesame oil into the water, and the snails will naturally excrete their mucus. Collect the mucus, dry it in the sun, and grind it into powder. Each dose should not exceed three *qian* (approx. 1.125 grams). Mix with wine and take orally. The water-dampness will be discharged through urination, and the stagnant qi will be expelled through defecation; the swelling will then subside. Subsequently, administer herbs to nourish the spleen and stomach for complete recovery.
Those with thick purple shells and round openings are called clams (*Clam*). In the relevant entry of *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), it is recorded that clam meat is cold in nature. Gao Wu, in his *Douzhen Zhengzong* (Orthodox Manual on Smallpox and Measles), claimed that clam meat could induce eruption and treat smallpox toxin entering the eyes by using its juice as eye drops; this assertion is erroneous. It is unknown that the cold nature of clam meat serves precisely to detoxify heat-inducing medicines, utilizing its antagonistic relationship with cinnabar and realgar (Dan Shi) for therapeutic effect.
Treating carbuncles, furuncles, malignant sores, and smallpox toxin: The *Yinian Jin* (One-Pinch Gold) formula, recorded in *Ji Ting* (Collected Auditory Records/Empirical Formulas), is most effective for the initial stage of all kinds of carbuncles, ulcers, and toxic swellings. It also treats malignant sores, throat wind, snake bites, dog bites, and pediatric smallpox toxin. The prescription consists of: *Ruxiang* (Frankincense Resin, 1 qian), *Xionghuang* (Realgar, 3 qian), *Xuejie* (Dragon's Blood, 0.5 qian); these three ingredients need not be processed. *Moyao* (Myrrh, 1 qian), *Mingfan* (Alum, 1 qian), *Zhusha* (Cinnabar, 3 qian), *Hongxin* (Red Arsenic, 6 qian), *Shexiang* (Musk, 6 fen), *Chansu* (Toad Venom, 1 qian), clam meat (2 qian), *Wugong* (Centipede, 3 pieces), processed *Jiapian* (Pangolin Scales, 3 qian), *Jiangcan* (Bombyx Batryticatus, 1 qian), *Chuanwu* (Aconitum carmichaelii lateral root, 1 qian), *Yazao* (Gleditsia sinensis fruit, 4 qian). Grind all ingredients into a fine powder and store in a porcelain jar. Adults take 1.5 li (approx. 0.056 grams), children take 7 li (approx. 0.026 grams); those with strong constitutions may take 2 li. Mash three *cun* (approx. 10 cm) of green onion white, mix with the medicine to form pills, and swallow with good wine to induce sweating; upon subsequent doses, sweating is not required.
Clams live in sand and mud and are abundant in rivers, lakes, streams, and ravines. There are various species, including yellow clams, black clams, white clams, golden-mouth clams, and jade-mouth clams. Yellow clams have thin shells and plump meat; black clams have thick shells and thin meat. Additionally, the Wuyong area in Panyu produces earless clams, which are exceptionally sweet and delicious. All bivalves capable of reproduction, but yellow clams transform into moths to scatter eggs, while white clams rely on fog to form their bodies, which is another peculiarity. Hainan dialect states: "Clams in sand are yellow; clams in mud are black." When clams grow old, their flesh transforms into small moths, causing the clam to die; the small moths then scatter eggs on the water surface to become new clams. Whenever there is heavy fog from the south wind, many white clams appear; this does not occur with north wind fog. This is because white clams originate from fog. Fog tastes salty, and saltiness is the fundamental basis for the generation of white clams. At birth, white clams resemble fog, descending from the sky, appearing and disappearing; people mistake them for fog. Fishermen know this and believe it is heaven raining clam seeds. Once the clam seeds mature, they are plump in warm weather and lean in cold weather. In the waters of Jiangzhong in Jiaotang and Shawan districts, they accumulate densely to depths of tens or hundreds of zhang (approx. 33 meters), known as clam ponds, which yield significant profits. The *Jijie* (Collective Explanation) section under Clams in *Bencao Gangmu* is still insufficiently detailed. Furthermore, while the shell, meat, and clam water are listed under their therapeutic indications, "Clan La" (Dried Clam Paste) is absent. Therefore, folk sayings are collected here to supplement this gap.
Clan La resolves gu poison and treats intolerance to local climate and water (according to folk sayings).