云南土司志∶边境各土司深山中，产一种飞松子，结实熟时，人欲取之，子辄飞去，夜
则仍
归根下，土人记其处，俟夜过子，掘其根而取之，馈遗以为珍品，味绝香美。 徐霞客游记
∶飞松一名狐实，亦作梧实，正如梧桐子，而大倍之，色味亦如梧桐子，而壳薄易剥，坐密
树中，一见辄伐树，乃可得，迟则树即存，而子俱飞去成空株矣，故曰飞松。惟巅堂关外野
人境有之，其叶如柳，味绝类土豆。 滇略∶梧实大如豆，壳脆易剥，不与他处类，俗谓之
山松子，亦曰飞松。 朱排山柑园小识∶飞松出滇南，似梧桐子，稍大而微长，内外色味俱
肖，而香美过之，蔓生松树上，土人甚珍之。
下气消痰，通和血脉，能返魂。凡有人魂神不安，及惊越失魂，神不守舍一切等症，此
为要
药，故灵璧赵氏天王补心丹治怔忡用之。张绿猗言，十香返魂丹加飞松子壳，更效。
边舆考∶其树出辽东塞外，高有三尺许，叶如南方楝树，背有黄白点，花四出，形如手，
碧
色，或有八出者，结子大如拳，熟便可食，其甘如饴，其树浸水可为油燃灯，入药用子。
治一切病，辽塞无药，土人有病者，取茶肭子啖之即愈。
椰中酒 椰膏 椰皮 椰肉
台湾使槎录云∶可佐膏火，或云用火炙椰，其油自出。凡楝椰子以手摇之，听水声清亮，
则
心大而甜；其肉浓，水声浊则否。 渑水燕谈录∶椰子生安南及海外诸国，木如棕榈，大者
高百余尺，花白如千叶芙蓉，一本花不过三、五颗，其大如斗至差小，外有黄毛，软皮，中
有壳，正类槟榔，壳上有二穴，牙出穴中，壳内类萝菔，皮味苦，肉极甘脆，蛮人甚珍之。
刘恂岭表录异∶椰壳中有液数合如乳，亦可饮之，冷而动气。 广果录∶椰树高六、七丈
，直竦无枝，至木末乃有叶如束蒲，长二三尺，花如千叶芙蓉，白色，终岁不绝，叶间生实
如瓠系，房房连累，一房二十七八实，或三十实，大者如斗，有皮浓苞之，曰椰衣，皮中有
核甚坚，与肤肉皆紧着，皮浓可半寸，白如雪，味脆而甘，肤中空虚，又有青浆升许，味美
于蜜，微有酒气曰椰酒。苏轼诗∶美酒生林不待仪。言椰中有自然之酒，不待仪狄而作也。
广东名胜志∶文昌县玉阳山椰子最多，大三、四围，高二、三丈，通身无枝，至百余年才
有叶，三月花，连着实，房房三十或二十七八子，至六月熟，七月收。
疗齿疾、冻疮（粤志）、祛暑气（华夷花木考），治消渴，涂髭发立黑（渑水燕谈录）。
椰中酒 食物考∶缅甸有树头酒，即椰子中浆汁也。华夷花木考载林邑王与南越王有怨，
遣
刺客匕其首，枭之树上，化为椰子树。当刺时，王方大醉，故椰浆如酒，饮之醉人。
祛风∶消水肿，止吐血，涂头黑发。然多食昏人，动气增渴，性温故也。久服可乌须（食
物考）。
椰膏 粤载∶椰子壳，土人取以熬膏，色黑如漆，涂癣良。
椰皮 煮汁止血，疗吐逆（渑水燕谈录）。
椰肉 益气生风（渑水燕谈录）。
杨梅下疳，筋骨疼痛。不药良方∶椰子壳烧存性，临烧以滚酒泡服二、三钱，暖卧取汗，
其
《云南土司志》记载：在边境各土司管辖的深山之中，出产一种名为“飞松子”的植物果实。当果实成熟时，人们想要采摘，它便会飞走；到了夜晚，它又会回到树根下。当地人记下它的位置，等到夜间果实落下后，挖掘其根部来取得果实，将其作为珍品馈赠亲友，味道极其香美。
徐霞客在《游记》中记载：飞松又名狐实，也写作梧实，形状像梧桐子，但大了一倍，颜色和味道也像梧桐子，但壳薄容易剥开。坐在茂密的树林中，一见果实就砍倒树木，才能取得果实；如果动作迟缓，树木还在，但果实都飞走了，只剩下空株，所以叫作飞松。只有在巅堂关外的野人境才有这种植物，它的叶子像柳树，味道极像土豆。
《滇略》记载：梧实大小如豆，壳脆易剥，与其他地方的不同，俗称为山松子，也叫飞松。
朱排山在《柑园小识》中记载：飞松产于滇南，外形似梧桐子，稍大而微长，内外颜色和味道都相似，但香气和美味超过梧桐子。它蔓生在松树上，当地人非常珍视它。
飞松子具有下气、消痰、通和血脉的功效，能“返魂”。凡是有人出现魂魄神志不安，以及惊悸失魂、神不守舍等一切症状，此药都是关键药物，因此灵璧赵氏的天王补心丹在治疗怔忡（心悸）时使用它。张绿猗说，十香返魂丹中加入飞松子壳，效果更佳。
《边舆考》记载：这种树生长在辽东塞外，高度约三尺左右，叶子像南方的楝树，背面有黄白点，花有四瓣，形状像手，呈碧色，也有八瓣的，结出的果实大如拳头，成熟后可食用，味道甘甜如糖。这种树浸泡在水中可提取油脂用来点灯，入药则使用果实。治疗各种疾病，辽东边塞缺医少药，当地人生病时，取茶肭子吃下即可痊愈。
【椰中酒、椰膏、椰皮、椰肉】
《台湾使槎录》记载：椰子油可用于辅助照明，或者说用火烘烤椰子，其油自然流出。凡是用手摇动椰子，听到水声清亮，则果心大而甜，果肉浓稠；如果水声浑浊，则不是这样。
《渑水燕谈录》记载：椰子生长在安南及海外各国，树木像棕榈树，高的有一百多尺，花白色像千叶芙蓉，一棵树上的花不过三、五朵，大小从斗大到较小不等，外面有黄毛和软皮，中间有壳，正像槟榔，壳上有两个孔，芽从孔中长出，壳内类似萝卜，皮味苦，肉极甘脆，蛮族人非常珍视它。
刘恂《岭表录异》记载：椰壳中有几合（容量单位）乳状液体，也可以饮用，但性冷且动气。
《广果录》记载：椰树高六、七丈，笔直耸立无枝，直到树梢才有像一束蒲草一样的叶子，长二三尺，花像千叶芙蓉，白色，终年不绝。叶间生出的果实像葫芦悬挂着，房房相连，一房有二十七八个或三十个果实，大的如斗，有厚皮包裹，称为椰衣，皮中有核非常坚硬，与果肉紧密附着，皮厚可达半寸，白色如雪，味道脆而甘，果肉中空，又有约一升的青浆，味道比蜜还美，略带酒气，称为椰酒。苏轼诗云：“美酒生林不待仪。”说的是椰中有天然的酒，不需要仪狄酿造。
《广东名胜志》记载：文昌县玉阳山椰子最多，树干大三、四围，高二、三丈，全身无枝，到一百多年才长叶子，三月开花，连着结果，每房三十个或二十七八个，到六月成熟，七月收获。
椰子具有治疗齿疾、冻疮（见《粤志》）、祛暑气（见《华夷花木考》）、治消渴症、涂抹胡须头发使其立即变黑（见《渑水燕谈录》）的功效。
《食物考》记载：缅甸有一种树头酒，就是椰子中的浆汁。《华夷花木考》记载林邑王与南越王有怨，派遣刺客刺杀了林邑王的头，并将头颅挂在树上，后来化为椰子树。当被刺杀时，林邑王正喝得大醉，所以椰浆像酒一样，喝了会使人醉。
【祛风功效】：消除水肿，止吐血，涂抹头部使头发变黑。但是多吃会让人昏沉，动气并增加口渴，因为性质温热的缘故。长期服用可使须发乌黑（见《食物考》）。
【椰膏】《粤载》记载：土人取椰子壳熬制成膏，颜色黑如漆，涂抹治疗癣疮效果良好。
*Yunnan Tusi Zhi* records: In the deep mountains of the border regions under the jurisdiction of various local chieftains, a fruit known as Feisongzi (Flying Pine Seed) is produced. When the fruit ripens and people attempt to harvest it, it flies away; at night, it returns to beneath the tree roots. Locals mark its location and, waiting for the fruit to fall at night, dig up the roots to retrieve it. It is given as gifts and regarded as a delicacy, possessing an extremely fragrant and delicious taste.
Xu Xiake's *Travel Diaries* record: Feisong is also known as Hushi (Fox Fruit) or Wushi (Wutong Fruit). It resembles the seed of the Firmiana simplex (Chinese Parasol Tree) but is twice as large. Its color and taste are similar to those of the Chinese Parasol Tree seed, but its shell is thin and easy to peel. Sitting in dense woods, one must chop down the tree upon sighting the fruit to obtain it; if delayed, the tree remains, but the fruits have all flown away, leaving an empty trunk, hence the name Feisong. It is found only in the wild territories beyond Diantang Pass. Its leaves resemble willow leaves, and its taste is remarkably similar to that of a potato.
*Dian Lue* records: Wushi is bean-sized, with a brittle shell that is easy to peel, differing from varieties elsewhere. It is commonly called Shansongzi (Mountain Pine Seed) or Feisong.
Zhu Paishan's *Ganyuan Xiaoshi* records: Feisong originates from southern Yunnan. It resembles the Chinese Parasol Tree seed, slightly larger and more elongated. Its internal and external colors and tastes are similar, yet its fragrance and flavor surpass them. It grows as a vine on pine trees and is highly valued by locals.
Feisongzi has the effects of directing Qi downward, resolving phlegm, and harmonizing the blood vessels. It can "restore the soul." For any condition involving unsettled spirit and mind, as well as fright-induced loss of spirit and spirit failing to reside within the body, this herb is a crucial medicine. Therefore, Tianwang Buxin Dan (Emperor of Heaven's Heart-Nourishing Pill) from Lingbi Zhao's family uses it in treating Zhengchong (palpitations). Zhang Lüyi stated that adding Feisongzi shells to Shixiang Fanhun Dan (Ten-Fragrance Soul-Returning Pill) enhances its efficacy.
*Bian Yu Kao* records: This tree grows beyond the frontier of Liaodong, reaching a height of about three chi. Its leaves resemble those of the Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) in the south, with yellow-white spots on the underside. The flowers have four petals, shaped like a hand, and are green; some have eight petals. The fruits are fist-sized and edible when ripe, tasting sweet as syrup. The tree, when soaked in water, yields oil for lamps; the fruit is used medicinally. To treat various ailments, where medicines were scarce in the Liaodong frontier, locals would consume Chanaizi (Tea Nuzi) to recover immediately.
[Coconut Wine, Coconut Paste, Coconut Husk, Coconut Flesh]
*Taiwan Shicha Lu* records: Coconut oil can be used to aid lighting, or it can be extracted by roasting the coconut over fire. When shaking a coconut by hand, a clear sound indicates a large, sweet heart and thick flesh; a muddy sound indicates otherwise.
*Mianshui Yantan Lu* records: Coconuts grow in Annan and other overseas countries. The tree resembles a palm, growing over a hundred chi tall. The flowers are white, resembling multi-petaled lotuses, with only three to five blooms per tree. They vary in size from a dou (a unit of volume) downwards. Outside, there is yellow fuzz and soft skin, enclosing a shell similar to Areca nut. The shell has two pores from which shoots emerge. Inside, it resembles radish; the skin is bitter, while the flesh is extremely sweet and crisp, highly prized by barbarians.
Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Lu Yi* records: There are several he (a unit of liquid measure) of milky fluid inside the coconut shell, which is drinkable but cold in nature and moves Qi.
*Guang Guo Lu* records: The coconut tree is six or seven zhang tall, straight and branchless until the top, where leaves bundle like rushes, two to three chi long. The flowers resemble multi-petaled lotuses, white, blooming year-round. Fruits hang like gourds among the leaves, clustered together, with twenty-seven to thirty fruits per cluster. Large ones are dou-sized, wrapped in thick husk called "Coconut Clothing." Inside the thick husk (up to half an inch thick) is a very hard kernel tightly adhered to the flesh. The flesh is snow-white, crisp, and sweet. The interior is hollow, containing about one sheng of green juice, sweeter than honey with a slight alcoholic aroma, called Coconut Wine. Su Shi wrote: "Fine wine grows in the forest without need for Yi Di [the legendary brewer]." This refers to the natural wine in coconuts.
*Guangdong Mingsheng Zhi* records: Yuyang Mountain in Wenchang County has the most coconuts. Trunks are three to four wei in circumference and two to three zhang high, branchless until over a hundred years old. They flower in March and bear fruit continuously, with thirty or twenty-seven to thirty nuts per cluster. They ripen in June and are harvested in July.
Coconut treats dental diseases, frostbite (*Yue Zhi*), dispels summer heat (*Huayi Huamu Kao*), treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), and when applied to beard and hair, turns them black instantly (*Mianshui Yantan Lu*).
*Shiwu Kao* records: Burma has a tree-head wine, which is the juice from the coconut. *Huayi Huamu Kao* narrates that the King of Linvi had a grudge against the King of Nanyue and sent an assassin to decapitate him, hanging the head on a tree, which then transformed into a coconut tree. At the time of the stabbing, the king was heavily intoxicated, hence the coconut juice resembles wine and intoxicates drinkers.
[Dispelling Wind]: Reduces edema, stops hematemesis, and darkens hair when applied to the scalp. However, excessive consumption causes drowsiness, moves Qi, and increases thirst due to its warm nature. Long-term use can darken beard and hair (*Shiwu Kao*).
[Coconut Paste] *Yue Zai* records: Locals boil coconut shells into a paste, black as lacquer, which is effective for treating tinea.
[Coconut Husk] Boiled juice stops bleeding and treats vomiting and rebellious Qi (*Mianshui Yantan Lu*).
[Coconut Flesh] Benefits Qi and generates wind (*Mianshui Yantan Lu*).
For Yangmei xigan (杨梅下疳 - a type of genital ulcer associated with杨梅 disease) and bone/joint pain. *Bu Yao Liang Fang* records: Burn coconut shell until carbonized (preserving its properties). During burning, soak in boiling wine and take 2-3 qian. Lie warm to induce sweating. Its...