（二十一种 附十六种）
乃鹿衔草之子∶又松潘卫志有延寿果，云果生于土，味甜似山药，并无树果，此或名同
而物
异也。按∶鹿衔千金方名鹿药草，其叶大而面绿背青者为真；苏恭言有大、小二种；保升
言叶似茺蔚，丛生有毛者，吴风草也，此草惟生于秦地者有子，土人名曰延寿果。
仁恕堂笔记∶张掖河西地有草根，一种形如黄连，盘根屈曲，有若缺然，边人取之，实
笾豆
理血中邪湿，温补下元，去风痹 疖痛，小儿食之，定惊悸（三边纪略）。本草逢原云∶
味微涩而甘，不特有益老人，
而婴儿先天不足者，尤为上药，惜乎南方罕得也。
果属也，产关东乌喇口外，其树丛生，果形如野黑蒲萄而稍小，鲜实甚美，晒干为末，
可以
稠梨子，实黑而涩，土人珍之，间以作面，暑月调水服之，可止泻。
按∶宦游笔记∶郁李即棠棣，结子如樱桃，南产者酸涩不堪食，盛京出者又名樱额，味
甘鲜
，晒干为末，更佳。
味甘涩，性温暖，补脾止泄泻。
御制几暇格物编，俗名吊搭果，形似山梨而小，体微长，味酢，肉多沙，长蒂。诸果始
生时
皆向上，此果花实皆下垂，故名。生时坚涩，熟乃沙，树枝叶俱如梨，为秦中物产，今遵化
沿边有之。而考之书笈草木诸谱，皆不载倒吊之名，惟上林赋云∶答 离支。答 音近打拉
。张揖注云
∶答 果名，按梅尧臣牡丹诗，用打拉二字，北人方言以欹垂为打拉，是答 名果，或因其
下垂也。说文海篇俱作 果，今名吊搭，或者答还音之转耳。
性暖，利胸膈，健脾消食。
（共二十一种，附载十六种）
第一种是鹿衔草的果实：另外，《松潘卫志》中记载有“延寿果”，说这种果实生长在土里，味道甜美像山药，并没有树木结出的果实，这或许是名称相同但实物不同。考证认为：《千金方》中将鹿衔草称为“鹿药草”，其中叶片大、正面绿色背面青色的为真品；苏恭说有大、小两种；保升说其叶子像茺蔚，丛生且有毛的是吴风草，这种草只有生长在秦地（陕西一带）的才结果，当地人称之为“延寿果”。
《仁恕堂笔记》记载：张掖河西地区有一种草根，一种形状像黄连，根盘曲交错，好像残缺不全的样子，边地人采集它，用来调理血中的邪湿之气，温补下元（肾与命门），祛除风痹和疖痛，小儿食用它可以安定惊悸（出自《三边纪略》）。《本草逢原》说：味道微涩而甘，不仅对老人有益，对于婴儿先天不足者，更是上好的药物，可惜南方很少见到。
第二种属于果类，产于关东乌喇口外，树木丛生，果实形状像野黑葡萄但稍小，新鲜果实非常美味，晒干磨成粉，可以用来增稠梨子汤，果实黑色且味涩，当地人很珍视它，偶尔用它来制作面食，夏季用水调服，可以止泻。
考证认为：《宦游笔记》记载：郁李就是棠棣，结出的果实像樱桃，南方出产的味道酸涩不堪食用，盛京（今沈阳一带）出产的又名为“樱额”，味道甘甜鲜美，晒干磨成粉更好。味道甘涩，性质温暖，能补脾脏并止住泄泻。
第三种出自《御制几暇格物编》，俗名叫“吊搭果”，形状像山梨但较小，身体略微细长，味道酸，果肉多沙质，蒂柄较长。各种果实刚生出来时都是向上的，而这种果实的花和实都向下垂挂，所以得名。生长时坚硬味涩，成熟后变沙软，树枝叶子都像梨树，是秦中地区的物产，现在遵化沿边地区也有。然而查阅书籍典籍和草木各类图谱，都没有记载“倒吊”这个名字，只有《上林赋》中写道：“答䕸离支”。“答䕸”读音接近“打拉”。张揖注释说：“答䕸”是果名。按梅尧臣牡丹诗中使用“打拉”二字，北方方言中以倾斜下垂为“打拉”，这说明“答䕸”作为果名，或许是因为它下垂的缘故。《说文海篇》都写作“䕸果”，现在叫“吊搭”，或许是“答”字音转的结果。性质温暖，能利胸膈，健脾消食。
(21 types, with 16 supplementary types)
The first is the fruit of *Ophiopogon japonicus* (L.f.) Ker Gawl., commonly known as Deer Tongue Grass: Additionally, *Songpan Wei Zhi* records a "Yanshou Guo" (Longevity Fruit), stating that this fruit grows in the soil, tastes sweet like *Dioscorea opposita* (Chinese Yam), and is not a tree fruit; this may be a case of identical names but different substances. Examination indicates: In *Qianjin Fang*, Deer Tongue Grass is named "Luyao Cao" (Deer Medicine Grass); the variety with large leaves, green on the front and bluish-green on the back, is authentic; Su Gong stated there are large and small varieties; Bao Sheng said its leaves resemble *Leonurus japonicus* (Motherwort), growing in clumps with hairs, which is "Wufeng Cao"; only the variety growing in the Qin region (Shaanxi area) bears fruit, and locals call it "Yanshou Guo".
*Ren Shu Tang Bi Ji* records: In the Hexi region of Zhangye, there is a root herb, one type resembling *Coptis chinensis* (Huanglian), with roots coiled and twisted, appearing somewhat incomplete. Border people collect it to regulate evil dampness in the blood, warm and tonify the Lower Yuan (Kidney and Mingmen), dispel Wind-Bi (Wind-Dampness obstruction) and boil/pain, and children eating it can calm palpitations and fright (from *Sanbian Jilue*). *Bencao Fengyuan* states: It has a slightly astringent and sweet taste. It is beneficial not only for the elderly but especially for infants with congenital deficiency, making it an excellent medicine; unfortunately, it is rare in the South.
The second belongs to the fruit category, produced outside the Wula Pass in Guandong. The trees grow in thickets, and the fruits resemble wild black grapes but are slightly smaller. The fresh fruit is very delicious. When dried and ground into powder, it can be used to thicken pear soup. The fruit is black and astringent, highly valued by locals, occasionally used to make noodles. Mixed with water and taken in summer, it can stop diarrhea.
Examination indicates: *Huanyou Biji* records: Yuli (Prunus japonica) is the same as Tangdi (Chaenomeles speciosa), bearing fruits like cherries. Those from the South are sour and astringent and inedible. Those from Shengjing (modern Shenyang) are also called "Yinge," with a sweet and fresh taste; drying them and grinding into powder is even better. It has a sweet and astringent taste, a warm nature, tonifies the Spleen, and stops diarrhea.
The third comes from *Yu Zhi Jixia Gewu Bian*, commonly known as "Diaoda Guo." It resembles a mountain pear but is smaller, slightly elongated, sour in taste, with sandy flesh and a long pedicel. All fruits initially grow upward, but this fruit's flowers and produce hang downward, hence the name. When raw, it is hard and astringent; when ripe, it becomes sandy. Its branches and leaves resemble those of a pear tree. It is a product of the Qinzhong region, and now exists along the border of Zunhua. However, consulting books and botanical catalogs, the name "Daodiao" is not recorded. Only *Shanglin Fu* mentions: "Da Li Zhi." "Da Li" sounds close to "Dala." Zhang Yi noted: "Da Li" is a fruit name. According to Mei Yaochen's peony poem using the characters "Dala," in Northern dialect, "Dala" refers to leaning or hanging down. Thus, the name "Da Li" for the fruit might be due to its downward hanging. *Shuowen Haipian* writes it as "Li Guo." Now called "Diaoda," perhaps "Da" is a phonetic shift. It has a warm nature, benefits the chest and diaphragm, tonifies the Spleen, and aids digestion.