汪连仕云∶乃残老之向日葵，其子性烈，通气透脓，合麝香、急性子捣烂为膏，贴脐，
能落
胎。
敏按∶冬日桃园中有树上干枯残桃，亦名鬼骷髅，与此名同物异。
宦游笔记∶口外白鼓钉，即内地蒲公英，叶有锯齿，婆娑铺地，与内地生者迥殊。内地
者，
花早开单瓣；生沙漠者，花开于夏至前，宛似黄菊，一望灿然满地，其蕊瓣重叠，颜色娇媚
，暮春草甫萌芽。口外啖此味，用之不竭，不啻春韭秋菘也。采食之，清火，亦为通淋妙品
。其茎中折断有白汁，诸虫盛夏孕育，人手触之成疾，百药难效，取汁浓涂，即愈。郑方升
云∶一茎两花，高尺余者，掘下数尺，根大如拳，旁有人形拱抱；捣汁酒服，治噎膈如神。
按上所载，皆纲目未及言者。且口外所产，又与内地异，纲目蒲公英入柔滑类，归草部；今
沙漠所产，人以作菜茹，故入菜部，亦各从其类也。
清火毒郁热，通乳通淋，消肿，治膈噎，疗一切毒虫蛇伤。
香祖笔记∶产台湾凤山县，相传明初三宝太监所植，治百病有效。
滇南记，产云南百夷中，饵一刀圭，终其世断绝人道，土人以饲牧马，不之宦也。
出川中，屈曲如枯枝，味最辛辣，绝不类姜形，亦可入食料用。 包汝楫南中纪闻云∶
扶丛
乡人，携木姜土茶饷余，受其木姜，作羹，味如茱萸酱，即此物也。
味辛性热，治胃寒，散冷积寒 痰气。
汪连仕说：这是衰老枯萎的向日葵，它的种子药性猛烈，能疏通气机、透达脓液，与麝香、急性子一起捣烂制成膏药，贴在肚脐上，能够堕胎。
我（赵学敏）按语：冬天桃园里树上干枯残留的桃子，也叫做鬼骷髅，与此处提到的“鬼骷髅”名称相同但实物不同。
《宦游笔记》记载：口外（长城以外地区）的白鼓钉，就是内地的蒲公英，叶子有锯齿，枝叶婆娑铺在地上，与内地生长的形态截然不同。内地的蒲公英，花开得早且为单瓣；生长在沙漠地区的蒲公英，在夏至前开花，远看像黄色的菊花，满眼灿烂，花蕊花瓣重叠，颜色娇媚动人，此时暮春时节野草刚刚萌芽。在口外食用这种植物味道鲜美，取用不尽，不亚于春天的韭菜和秋天的白菜。采摘食用它，可以清火，也是治疗淋证的妙品。它的茎折断后有白色汁液，盛夏时节各种虫子孕育繁殖，人手接触到这种汁液就会生病，百药难治，取这种浓汁涂抹患处，即可痊愈。郑方升说：有一种植物一茎两花，高一尺多，挖掘地下数尺，根部大如拳头，旁边有人形拱抱的样子；捣取汁液用酒送服，治疗噎膈症效果神奇。
以上所载内容，都是《本草纲目》没有涉及到的。而且口外所产的蒲公英，又与内地不同，《本草纲目》将蒲公英归入柔滑类，属于草部；如今沙漠所产的蒲公英，人们把它当作蔬菜食用，所以归入菜部，这也是各自根据其类别来划分的原因。
功效：清除火毒郁热，通乳通淋，消肿，治疗噎膈，疗治一切毒虫蛇咬伤。
《香祖笔记》记载：产于台湾凤山县，相传是明朝初年三宝太监（郑和）所种植，治疗百病有效。
《滇南记》记载：产于云南百夷地区，服用一刀圭的量，终身断绝性欲，当地人用它来喂养牧马，不会导致发情。
产于四川中部，弯曲如同枯枝，味道最辛辣，完全不像姜的形状，也可以作为食料使用。包汝楫《南中纪闻》说：扶丛乡的乡人，带着木姜土茶招待我，我接受了木姜，做成羹汤，味道像茱萸酱，就是这种植物。
Wang Lianshi stated: This refers to the withered and aged sunflower; its seeds possess a fierce nature, capable of promoting qi circulation and expelling pus. When mixed with musk (Moschus) and *Impatiens balsamina* seed (Bajiziqi), pounded into a paste, and applied to the umbilicus, it can induce abortion.
I (Zhao Xuemin) note: In winter peach orchards, dried and residual peaches remaining on trees are also called "Ghost Skeleton" (Guiku Lou). Although the name is identical, the substance is different from the one mentioned above.
*Notes from an Official's Travels* records: The "white drum nail" found outside the Great Wall is the dandelion (*Taraxacum mongolicum*) known in the interior regions. Its leaves have serrated edges, and its foliage spreads gracefully over the ground, differing significantly from those grown in the interior. Dandelions in the interior bloom early with single petals; those growing in desert areas bloom before the Summer Solstice, resembling yellow chrysanthemums at first glance, dazzlingly covering the ground with overlapping petals and delicate colors. At this time, in late spring, grass has just begun to sprout. Consuming this plant in the frontier regions yields a delicious taste that is inexhaustible, comparable to spring leeks and autumn Chinese cabbage. Harvesting and eating it clears heat and fire, making it an excellent remedy for strangury (Lin syndrome). When its stem is broken, white juice exudes. In midsummer, various insects breed; if human hands touch this juice, illness ensues which is difficult to cure with common medicines. Applying the concentrated juice topically results in immediate recovery. Zheng Fangsheng stated: There is a variety with two flowers per stem, growing over a chi tall. Digging several chi deep reveals roots as large as fists, sometimes shaped like embracing human figures. Pounding these into juice and taking them with wine treats dysphagia (Yige) with miraculous effect.
The contents described above were not covered in *Bencao Gangmu*. Furthermore, the dandelion produced in the frontier differs from that in the interior. *Bencao Gangmu* classified dandelion under the category of soft and slippery herbs, belonging to the herbal section; however, since the desert-dwelling variety is used as a vegetable by locals, it is now classified under the vegetable section. This classification follows their respective categories.
Functions: Clears toxic heat and stagnant heat, promotes lactation and relieves strangury, reduces swelling, treats dysphagia, and cures all injuries from venomous insects and snakes.
*Records of Xiangzu* states: Produced in Fengshan County, Taiwan, it was allegedly planted by the Three-Jewel Eunuch (Zheng He) in the early Ming Dynasty and is effective in treating various diseases.
*Records of Southern Yunnan* states: Produced among the Baiyi people in Yunnan. Ingesting a dose of one Dao Gui causes lifelong cessation of sexual desire. Locals use it to feed breeding horses to prevent estrus.
Produced in central Sichuan, it is twisted like dry branches, possesses a pungent and spicy taste, and does not resemble ginger in shape. It can also be used as a food ingredient. Bao Ruji in *Southern Central Records* stated: Villagers from Fucong Township treated me with wooden ginger and local tea. I accepted the wooden ginger, made a soup with it, and found the taste similar to zanthoxylum paste. This is indeed that substance.
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Hot. Functions: Treats stomach cold, disperses cold accumulation and phlegm-qi stagnation caused by cold.