台海使槎录∶鸦片烟用麻葛同鸦土切丝，于铜铛内煮成。鸦片拌烟，另用竹筒实以棕丝，
群
聚吸之，索值数倍于常烟。专治此者，名开鸦片馆。吸一二次后，刻不能离，暖气直注丹田
，可竟夜不寐。土人服此为导淫具，肢体萎缩，脏腑溃出，不杀身不止。官弁每为严禁，常
有身被逮系，犹求缓须臾，再吸一筒者。鸦土出噶喇吧。海东扎记∶鸦片产外洋咬 吧吕宋
诸国，为渡海禁物，台地无赖人多和烟吸之，谓可助精神，彻宵不寐。凡吸必邀集多人，更
番作食、铺席于坑、众偃坐席上，中燃一灯，以吸百余口至数百口，烟筒以为管，大约八九
分，中实棕丝头发，两头用银镶首，侧开一孔如小指大，以黄泥掐成葫芦样，空其中，以火
之，嵌入首间小孔上，置鸦片烟于葫芦首，烟止少许，吸之一口立尽，格格有声。饮食顿
令倍进，须肥甘，不尔肠胃不安。初服数月，犹可中止。迨服久偶辍，则困惫欲死。卒至破
家丧身。凡吸者面黑肩耸，两眼泪流，肠脱不收而死。
主治胃脘痛。神效。
出西藏，作团成饼者良，如香炷者次之。色紫黄，气甚猛烈，焚之香闻百步外者佳。伪
者名
京香，不入药用。 有出打箭炉者，不及西藏出者第一。有红藏、黄藏、紫藏之分。 肖腾
麟西藏见闻录云∶藏香有紫、黄二色，粗、细二种，各处皆有，惟产于巴塘者为最。 朱大
骏云∶亲见藏香有黑如墨者，燃之催生甚炒。 宓元良云∶藏香有紫、黄二色，紫者内有琐
琐葡萄汁合成，故色紫。而性开关窍，透发而上升，能发痘 。黄者性下降，可催生，不可
乱用。 闻人达远云∶藏香有绿色者，云最贵，焚之嗅其烟，可清目，不知彼中何草合成。
叶明斋云∶藏香中有一种白色小丸子，焚之气颇幽爽，亦系番僧所贡，不知何名，其香气
嗅之，可治老人肠燥气虚便秘。入厕时焚一二丸最妙。亦可治痘。马少云卫藏图识∶藏香有
紫、黄二种，真者焚之烟凌霄汉，盖以珍宝屑成之。又有黑、白香，白香亦名吉吉香。黑香
亦名 香。 敏按∶藏香只有紫黄二色为正品，其所云红绿黑白诸色，皆属他香，近亦罕
见，姑存其说以备考。 王景略曾为织造寅公制藏香，其方云得自拉藏，予求其法，附载于
此，速香二片，沉香、黄熟香、黄檀香、广木香各四两；春花、甘松、三柰、玫瑰瓣、母丁
香、细辛、桧皮、生军、排草、乳香、金颜香、 榄油、苏合油、伽 、水安息各二两
，冰片一两，右各为极细末，以顶好榆面二斤，火消十两，化水，加老醇酒，调和为香。
杀邪治祟，功同苍术。痘疮不发，点床角上，令儿闻之，能透斑，甚妙。愈虐、催生明目。
按痘乃先天胎毒，非火不结，因感而发，最忌燥烈，以香气熏触，不愈滋其枯裂手。透
斑之
说，予终未敢深信，盖凡香皆作燥， 者犹烈。夫痘靥曰苗，痘发曰花。既曰花，则性未有
不喜润者，安得以香燥助其毒，即能透斑，终恐干红而归黑陷耳。
《台海使槎录》记载：鸦片烟是用麻葛（大麻纤维）与鸦土（鸦片原料）切碎成丝，在铜锅中煮制而成。将鸦片拌入烟草中，另用竹筒装满棕丝，众人聚集吸食，价格比常烟高出数倍。专门经营此项生意的人，称为开设“鸦片馆”。吸食一两次后，便片刻不能分离，暖气直注丹田，可以整夜不睡觉。当地人服用此物作为助兴工具，导致肢体萎缩，脏腑溃烂脱落，不死不休。官员们常常严厉禁止，但常有被抓捕捆绑的人，仍请求稍缓片刻，再吸一筒的。鸦土产自噶喇吧（今印度尼西亚雅加达）。
《海东扎记》记载：鸦片产于外洋咬吧、吕宋等国，属于渡海禁运物品，台湾地方的无赖之人多将烟叶混合鸦片吸食，声称可以振奋精神，彻夜不眠。凡是吸食必须邀请多人，轮流做饭、铺设席子于炕上，众人并排坐在席子上，中间点燃一盏灯，通过百余口至数百口的烟筒进行吸食。烟筒作为导管，大约八九分长，中间实以棕丝或头发，两头用银镶头，侧面开一个小孔如小指粗细，用黄泥捏成葫芦形状，中空，用火点燃嵌入头间的小孔上，将鸦片烟置于葫芦首，烟量只需少许，吸一口立即燃尽，发出格格的声音。饮食顿时倍增，必须肥甘厚味，否则肠胃不安。初服数月，还可以中止。等到服用日久偶尔停止，则困倦疲惫欲死。最终导致破家丧身。凡是吸食者面色黑，肩膀耸起，两眼泪流，肠脱不收而死。
主治胃脘痛。神效。
藏香出产于西藏，做成团状或饼状的为好，像香柱状的次之。颜色紫黄，气味非常猛烈，焚烧时香气能闻到百步外的为佳。假冒的称为“京香”，不入药用。有出产自打箭炉（今四川康定）的，不如西藏出产的第一等。藏香有红藏、黄藏、紫藏之分。肖腾麟在《西藏见闻录》中说：藏香有紫、黄两种颜色，粗、细两种种类，各地都有，只有产于巴塘的最为优良。朱大骏说：亲眼见到藏香有黑如墨色的，燃烧它催产很厉害。宓元良说：藏香有紫、黄两种颜色，紫色的里面含有琐琐葡萄汁合成，所以颜色紫。而性质开通关窍，透发而上升，能促使痘疮发出。黄色的性质下降，可催产，不可乱用。闻人达远说：藏香有绿色的，据说最珍贵，焚烧时嗅其烟，可以清目，不知道那里用什么草合成。叶明斋说：藏香中有一种白色小丸子，焚烧时气味颇为幽爽，也是番僧所贡，不知道叫什么名字，它的香气嗅起来，可以治疗老人肠燥气虚便秘。上厕所时焚烧一二丸最好。也可以治疗痘疮。马少云在《卫藏图识》中说：藏香有紫、黄两种，真正的焚烧时烟雾冲霄汉，大概是用珍宝屑制成的。又有黑、白香，白香也叫吉吉香。黑香也叫[缺失字]香。
我按语：藏香只有紫、黄两种颜色是正品，其中所说的红、绿、黑、白各种颜色，都属于其他香，近来也很少见，暂且保存这些说法以备考证。王景略曾为织造寅公制作藏香，他的方子说是从拉藏得来的，我求取这个方法，附载于此：速香二片，沉香、黄熟香、黄檀香、广木香各四两；春花、甘松、三柰、玫瑰瓣、母丁香、细辛、桧皮、生军、排草、乳香、金颜香、橄榄油、苏合油、伽南香、水安息各二两，冰片一两，以上各药研为极细末，用顶好的榆面二斤，火消十两，化水，加入老醇酒，调和制成香。驱邪治祟，功效同苍术。痘疮不发，点在床角上，让孩子闻它的气味，能使痘疹透出，非常奇妙。治愈疟疾、催产明目。
按：痘疮乃是先天胎毒，非火不结，因感而发，最忌燥烈，用香气熏触，不是更加滋长其枯裂吗？关于透斑的说法，我始终不敢深信，因为凡是香都作燥性，伽南香尤其猛烈。痘痂称为苗，痘发称为花。既然称为花，那么性质没有不喜欢滋润的，怎么能用香燥来助长其毒呢？即使能透斑，终究恐怕会干红而归结于黑陷罢了。
*Hai Tai Cha Ji* (Records of the Envoy to Taiwan) states: Opium smoke is made by cutting hemp fibers and opium earth into shreds, and boiling them in a copper pot. Opium is mixed with tobacco, placed in bamboo tubes filled with palm fiber, and smoked collectively by groups of people; its price is several times higher than that of ordinary tobacco. Those who specialize in this trade are known as running "opium dens." After one or two sessions of smoking, one cannot bear to be apart from it for even a moment; a warm sensation flows directly to the Dantian (lower abdomen), allowing one to stay awake all night. Locals use this substance as an aphrodisiac, leading to limb atrophy and visceral prolapse, not stopping until death. Officials frequently issue strict prohibitions, yet there are cases where those arrested and bound still beg for a brief respite to smoke another tube. Opium earth originates from Batavia (Jakarta).
*Hai Dong Zha Ji* (Notes from the East Sea) records: Opium is produced in foreign countries such as [missing character], Luzon, etc., and is a contraband item across the sea. Wretched individuals in Taiwan often mix it with tobacco and smoke it, claiming it boosts spirit and allows one to stay awake overnight. Smoking sessions always involve inviting many people to take turns cooking and laying mats on kang beds. Everyone sits side by side on the mats, with a lamp lit in the center. Smoke pipes, serving as conduits, are approximately eight or nine fen long, stuffed with palm fiber or hair, and capped with silver ends featuring a small hole the size of a little finger. Yellow clay is molded into a gourd shape, hollowed out, and ignited. It is inserted into the small hole at the pipe's end, with opium placed in the gourd head. A small amount of smoke is sufficient; one inhalation burns it completely with a crackling sound. Appetite suddenly doubles, requiring rich and sweet foods; otherwise, the intestines and stomach become uncomfortable. In the first few months of use, cessation is still possible. However, after prolonged use, any temporary cessation leads to extreme exhaustion and near-death sensations. Ultimately, it results in bankruptcy and loss of life. Smokers develop dark faces, shrugging shoulders, and tears flowing from both eyes, eventually dying with intestinal prolapse.
It effectively treats epigastric pain. Miraculous efficacy.
Tibetan incense produced in Tibet, formed into balls or cakes, is of good quality; stick-shaped ones are inferior. Purple-yellow color and very potent aroma are preferred; if the fragrance can be smelled from over a hundred paces away when burned, it is excellent. Counterfeits are called "Jing Xiang" and are not used medicinally. Incense from Da Jian Lu (Kangding) is not as good as that from Tibet. Tibetan incense is divided into red, yellow, and purple varieties. Xiao Tenglin in *Xizang Jianwen Lu* (Record of Observations in Tibet) states: Tibetan incense comes in purple and yellow colors, and coarse and fine types, available everywhere, but the best is produced in Batang. Zhu Dajun says: He personally saw black ink-like Tibetan incense; burning it has strong parturition-inducing effects. Mi Yuanliang says: Tibetan incense has purple and yellow colors. The purple variety contains juice from Suosuo grapes, giving it a purple hue. Its nature opens orifices, penetrates and rises, and can induce smallpox eruption. The yellow variety has a descending nature, can induce labor, and should not be used indiscriminately. Wenren Dayuan says: There is green Tibetan incense, considered the most expensive. Burning it and inhaling the smoke clears the eyes; he did not know what herbs were used. Ye Mingzhai says: Among Tibetan incenses, there is a type of white small pellet. When burned, the aroma is refreshing and elegant, also offered by Tibetan monks, though its name is unknown. Inhaling its aroma can treat constipation due to intestinal dryness and Qi deficiency in the elderly. Burning one or two pellets during defecation is best. It can also treat smallpox. Ma Shaoyun in *Weizang Tushi* (Illustrated Record of Ü-Tsang and Amdo) states: Tibetan incense comes in purple and yellow types. Authentic ones produce smoke reaching the heavens, likely made from precious mineral powders. There are also black and white incenses; white incense is also called Jiji Xiang. Black incense is also called [missing character] Xiang.
My commentary: Only purple and yellow Tibetan incenses are genuine products. The red, green, black, and white varieties mentioned elsewhere belong to other incenses and are rarely seen nowadays. I preserve these statements for reference. Wang Jinglue once made Tibetan incense for Yin Gong, the Textile Commissioner. His formula, obtained from Lhasa, is recorded here: 2 pian of Suxiang (Agarwood), 4 liang each of Chenxiang (Sandalwood), Huangshu Xiang (Aged Sandalwood), Huangtan Xiang (Yellow Sandalwood), Guangmuxiang (Aquilaria); 2 liang each of Chunhua, Gansong (Nardostachys), Sanai (Costus), Rose petals, Mudingxiang (Clove), Xixin (Asarum), Guipi (Juniper bark), Shengjun (Rhubarb), Paicao (Andropogon), Ruxiang (Frankincense), Jinyan Xiang, Olive oil, Suhe You (Styrax oil), Qinan Xiang (Agarwood), and Shui Anxi (Benzoin). 1 liang of Bingpian (Borneol). All ingredients are ground into extremely fine powder. Two jin of high-quality Elm flour and 10 liang of Huoxiao (Saltpeter) dissolved in water are added, along with aged strong wine, to mix and form the incense. It expels evil spirits and cures malignancies, with effects similar to Cangzhu (Atractylodes). For non-erupting smallpox, placing it at the corner of the bed and letting the child smell it can help the rash emerge, which is very effective. It cures malaria, induces labor, and brightens the eyes.
Note: Smallpox is congenital fetal toxin. It does not consolidate without fire and erupts upon contraction of pathogens. It strictly forbids dry and hot substances. Using aromatic fumigation only exacerbates dryness and cracking. I remain skeptical of the claim that it helps the rash emerge, as all incenses have drying properties, and Qinan Xiang is particularly potent. Scabs are called Miao (seedlings), and eruptions are called Hua (flowers). Since they are flowers, their nature must prefer moisture. How can dry aromatics aid toxicity? Even if it helps emergence, it may ultimately lead to dry redness progressing to black depression.