（宋《开宝》）
【释名】冬风。
志曰∶此菜先春而生，故有东风之号。一作冬风，言得冬气也。
【集解】志曰∶东风菜生岭南平泽。茎高二、三尺，叶似杏叶而长，极浓软，上有细毛，
煮食甚美。
时珍曰∶按∶裴渊《广州记》云∶东风菜，花、叶似落妊娠，茎紫。宜肥肉作羹食，香
气似马兰，味如酪。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】风毒壅热，头痛目眩，肝热眼赤，堪入羹 食（《开宝》）。
（《别录》上品）
【释名】护生草。
时珍曰∶荠生济泽，故谓之荠。释家取其茎作挑灯杖，可辟蚁、蛾，谓之护生草，云能
护众生也。
【集解】
普曰∶荠生野中。
弘景曰∶荠类甚多，此是今人所食者。叶作菹、羹亦佳。《诗》云∶谁谓荼苦，其甘如
荠，是也。
时珍曰∶荠有大、小数种。小荠叶花茎扁，味美。其最细小者，名沙荠也。大荠科、叶
皆大，而味不及。其茎硬有毛者，名菥 ，味不甚佳。并以冬至后生苗，二、三月起茎五、
六寸。开细白花，整整如一。结荚如小萍，而有三角。荚内细子，如葶苈子。其子名 （音
嵯），四月收之。师旷云∶岁欲甘，甘草先生，荠是也。菥 、葶苈皆是荠类。葶苈见草部
隰草类。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】利肝和中（《别录》）。利五脏。根∶治目痛（大明）。明目益胃（时珍）。根、
叶∶烧灰，治赤白痢极效（甄权）。
【附方】旧一，新二。
暴赤眼，痛胀碜涩∶荠菜根杵汁滴之。（《圣惠》）。
眼生翳膜∶荠菜和根、茎、叶洗净，焙干为细末。每夜卧时先洗眼，挑末米许，安两大
头。涩痛忍之，久久膜自落也。（《圣济总录》）。
肿满腹大，四肢枯瘦，尿涩∶用甜葶苈（炒）、荠菜根等分，为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每
服一丸，陈皮汤下。只二、三丸，小便清；十余丸，腹如故。（《三因》）
实 普曰∶五月五日采，阴干。
士良曰∶亦名菥 子。四月八日收之，良。
周王曰∶饥岁采子，水调成块，煮粥、作饼甚粘滑。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
权曰∶患气人食之，动冷疾。
诜曰∶不与面同食，令人背闷。服丹石人不可食。
【主治】∶明目，目痛（《别录》）。
青盲不见物，补五脏不足（甄权）。治腹胀（吴普）。去风毒邪气，治壅去翳，解热毒。
久服，视物鲜明（士良）。
花
【主治】布席下，辟虫。又辟蚊、蛾（士良）。
阴干研末，枣汤日服二钱，治久痢（大明）。
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】冬风。
陶弘景说：这种菜在春天之前生长，所以有“东风”的名称。另一种写法是“冬风”，意思是它承受了冬天的气息。
【集解】陶弘景说：东风菜生长在岭南地区的平原沼泽地带。茎高两到三尺，叶子像杏叶但更长，质地非常浓密柔软，上面有细毛，煮着吃味道很美。
李时珍说：根据裴渊的《广州记》记载：东风菜的花和叶子形状类似落妊娠（一种植物），茎是紫色的。适合用肥肉做成羹汤食用，香气类似马兰，味道像奶酪。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
【主治】风毒壅滞引起的热证，头痛目眩，肝热导致的眼红，可以放入羹汤中食用（出自《开宝本草》）。
（《名医别录》列为上品）
【释名】护生草。
李时珍说：荠菜生长在济水附近的沼泽地，所以称为“荠”。佛教徒取它的茎作为挑灯芯的杖，可以驱避蚂蚁和飞蛾，称之为“护生草”，据说能保护众生。
【集解】
苏恭说：荠菜生长在野外。
陶弘景说：荠菜的种类很多，这是现在人们食用的那种。叶子做成腌菜或羹汤也很好吃。《诗经》中说：“谁说荼菜苦，其味甜如荠”，指的就是这种菜。
李时珍说：荠菜有大、小几个品种。小荠菜的叶、花、茎都扁平，味道鲜美。其中最小的一种，名叫沙荠。大荠菜的科、叶都较大，但味道不如小荠。茎硬且有毛的，名叫菥蓂，味道不太佳。它们都在冬至后长出苗，二、三月间长出五、六寸高的茎。开出细小的白花，整齐一致。结出的荚果像小萍，但有三个角。荚内的种子细小，像葶苈子。这种种子名叫蒺藜（音同“嵯”），四月采收。师旷说：“岁欲甘，甘草先生”，指的也是荠菜。菥蓂、葶苈都是荠菜类。葶苈见草部湿地草类。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】利肝和中（出自《名医别录》）。利五脏。根：治疗眼痛（出自孟诜《食疗本草》）。明目益胃（李时珍）。根、叶：烧成灰，治疗赤白痢疾效果极佳（出自甄权）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方两个。
突发红眼，疼痛肿胀且涩痛：将荠菜根捣烂取汁滴入眼中。（出自《太平圣惠方》）。
眼睛长翳膜：将荠菜连同根、茎、叶洗净，焙干研成细末。每晚睡觉前先洗眼，挑取米粒大小的药末，放入两眼内。感到涩痛要忍耐，时间久了翳膜自然会脱落。（出自《圣济总录》）。
腹部肿胀变大，四肢枯瘦，小便不利：用甜葶苈（炒制）、荠菜根各等分，研成末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大的丸药。每次服用一丸，用陈皮汤送下。只需二三丸，小便变清；十余丸，腹部恢复如初。（出自《三因极一病证方论》）
实（指荠菜果实/种子）
苏恭说：五月五日采集，阴干。
陈士良说：也叫做菥蓂子。四月八日采收，效果好。
周王说：荒年采集种子，用水调成块状，煮粥、做饼非常粘滑。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
甄权说：气虚患者食用，会引发冷疾。
孟诜说：不与面食同食，令人背部闷胀。服用丹石类药物的人不可食用。
【主治】：明目，治疗眼痛（出自《名医别录》）。
青盲症看不见东西，补五脏不足（出自甄权）。治疗腹胀（出自吴普）。去除风毒邪气，治疗壅滞去除翳膜，解热毒。长期服用，视物清晰明亮（出自陈士良）。
花
【主治】铺在席子下，驱避虫子。又能驱避蚊子、飞蛾（出自陈士良）。
阴干研成末，用枣汤每日服用二钱，治疗久痢（出自孟诜《食疗本草》）。
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Dongfeng (Winter Wind).
Tao Hongjing stated: This vegetable grows before spring, hence the name "Dongfeng" (East Wind). It is also written as "Dongfeng" (Winter Wind), indicating it receives the Qi of winter.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Hongjing stated: Dongfeng vegetable grows in the plains and marshes of Lingnan. The stem is two to three chi high; the leaves resemble apricot leaves but are longer, extremely dense and soft, with fine hairs on the surface. It is delicious when boiled and eaten.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Pei Yuan's *Guangzhou Ji*: Dongfeng vegetable has flowers and leaves resembling *Luorenshen* (a plant), with a purple stem. It is suitable for making soup with fatty meat; its aroma resembles that of *Malan* (*Kalimeris indica*), and its taste is like cheese.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Wind-toxin stagnation causing heat, headache and dizziness, liver-heat causing red eyes. It can be added to soups for consumption (*Kaibao Bencao*).
(*Mingyi Bielu*, Upper Grade)
[Names] Husheng Cao (Life-Protecting Grass).
Li Shizhen stated: *Ji* (Shepherd's purse) grows near the Ji River and marshes, hence the name "Ji". Buddhists use its stems as wick-trimmers, which can repel ants and moths, calling it "Husheng Cao" (Life-Protecting Grass), claiming it protects all sentient beings.
[Collected Explanations]
Su Gong stated: *Ji* grows in the wild.
Tao Hongjing stated: There are many varieties of *Ji*; this is the kind currently consumed by people. Its leaves make good pickles or soup. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Who says the bitter tea is harsh? Its sweetness is like *Ji*," referring to this plant.
Li Shizhen stated: There are several large and small varieties of *Ji*. Small *Ji* has flat leaves, flowers, and stems, and tastes delicious. The smallest variety is named Shaqi (Sand *Ji*). Large *Ji* has larger stems and leaves but inferior taste. The variety with hard, hairy stems is named Ximing, with a less desirable taste. They all sprout after the Winter Solstice, sending up stems five to six cun high in the second and third lunar months. They produce small white flowers, neat and uniform. The pods resemble duckweed but have three angles. The seeds inside are fine, resembling Tingli seeds (*Descurainiae Semen*). These seeds are named Jili (pronounced "Cuo"), harvested in the fourth month. Shi Kuang said: "When the year desires sweetness, Gancao (*Glycyrrhizae Radix*) grows first; so does *Ji*." Ximing and Tingli are both varieties of *Ji*. Tingli is found in the Herb Section, Wetland Herbs category.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Benefits the Liver and harmonizes the Middle Jiao (*Mingyi Bielu*). Benefits the Five Zang organs. Roots: Treat eye pain (Meng Shen). Brightens the eyes and benefits the Stomach (Li Shizhen). Roots and leaves: Burned to ash, highly effective for treating dysentery with blood and pus (Zhen Quan).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, two new prescriptions.
Sudden red eyes, painful swelling and grittiness: Crush the roots of Shepherd's purse (*Ji Cai*) and drip the juice into the eyes (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Eye cataracts/membranes: Wash Shepherd's purse including roots, stems, and leaves, dry them by baking, and grind into fine powder. Before bed each night, wash the eyes first, then insert a grain-sized amount of powder into both eyes. Endure the astringency and pain; over time, the membrane will naturally fall off (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Abdominal distension with large belly, emaciated limbs, and difficult urination: Use equal parts of Tian Tingli (fried) and Shepherd's purse roots, grind into powder, and make pills with refined honey the size of tung nuts. Take one pill per dose, washed down with Chenpi decoction (*Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium* decoction). After only two or three pills, urine becomes clear; after more than ten pills, the abdomen returns to normal (*Sanyin Fang*).
Fruits (Seeds)
Su Gong stated: Harvest on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dry in the shade.
Chen Shiliang stated: Also called Ximing Zi. Harvest on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month; efficacy is good.
King Zhou stated: In years of famine, harvest the seeds, mix with water to form blocks, and cook into porridge or make cakes; they are very sticky and smooth.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Zhen Quan stated: For those with Qi deficiency, consuming it may trigger cold diseases.
Meng Shen stated: Do not eat with wheat flour products, as it causes back oppression. Those taking Dan Shi (mineral pills) should not consume it.
[Indications] Brightens the eyes, treats eye pain (*Mingyi Bielu*).
For blindness (Qingmang) where objects cannot be seen, tonifies deficiencies of the Five Zang organs (Zhen Quan). Treats abdominal distension (Wu Pu). Expels wind-toxin and evil Qi, treats stagnation and removes membranes, resolves heat-toxin. Long-term consumption makes vision bright and clear (Chen Shiliang).
Flowers
[Indications] Place under mats to repel insects. Also repels mosquitoes and moths (Chen Shiliang).
Dry in the shade, grind into powder, take two qian daily with jujube decoction to treat chronic dysentery (Meng Shen).