（音锡觅。《本经》上品）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【释名】大荠（《别录》）、大蕺
（《本经》）、马辛。
时珍曰∶诸名不可解。《吴普本草》又云∶一名析目，一名荣目，一名马驹。
【集解】《别录》曰∶菥 生咸阳川泽及道旁。四月、五月采，曝干。
弘景曰∶今处处有之。是大荠子也。方用甚希少。
保升曰∶似荠叶而细，俗呼为老荠。
恭曰∶《尔雅》云∶菥 ，大荠也。注云∶似荠，俗呼为老荠。然其味甘而不辛也。
藏器曰∶《本经》菥 一名大荠。苏氏引《尔雅》为注。案∶大荠即葶苈，非菥 也。
菥 大而扁，葶苈细而圆，二物殊别也。
颂曰∶《尔雅》∶葶苈谓之 （音典），子、叶皆似芥，一名狗荠。菥 ，即大荠。大抵
二物皆荠类，故人多不能细分，乃尔致疑也。古今眼目方多用之。
时珍曰∶荠与菥 一物也，但分大、小二种耳。小者为荠，大者为菥 ，菥 有毛。故
其子功用相同，而陈士良之本草，亦谓荠实
一名菥 也。葶苈与菥 同类，但菥 味甘花白，葶苈味苦花黄为异耳。或言菥 即甜
葶苈，亦通。
苗
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】和中益气，利肝明目（时珍）。
菥 子
【气味】辛，微温，无毒。
恭曰∶甘而不辛。
普曰∶神农、雷公∶辛；李当之∶小温。
之才曰∶得蔓荆实、细辛良。恶干姜、苦参。一云∶苦参为之使。
【主治】明目目痛泪出，除痹，补五脏，益精光。久服轻身不老（《本经》）。疗心腹腰
痛（《别录》）。治肝家积聚，眼目赤肿（甄权）。
【附方】旧一，新一。
眼目热痛，泪出不止∶菥 子，捣筛为末。卧时铜簪点少许入目，当有热泪及恶物出，
甚佳。
眼中 肉∶方同上，夜夜点之。（崔元亮《海上方》）
（读音为“锡觅”。《神农本草经》列为上品。）
【校正】从草部移入此部。
【释名】大荠（《名医别录》）、大蕺（《神农本草经》）、马辛。
李时珍说：这些名字难以解释。《吴普本草》又说：一名析目，一名荣目，一名马驹。
【集解】《名医别录》说：菥䓞生长在咸阳的川泽及道路旁边。四月、五月采集，晒干。
陶弘景说：现在到处都有。这是大荠的种子。方剂中用得很少。
苏保升说：叶子像荠菜但更细，俗称为老荠。
苏恭说：《尔雅》记载：菥䓞，就是大荠。注释说：形状像荠菜，俗称为老荠。然而它的味道甘甜而不辛辣。
陈藏器说：《神农本草经》中菥䓞又名大荠。苏氏引用《尔雅》作为注解。考察发现：大荠即葶苈，不是菥䓞。菥䓞大而扁，葶苈细而圆，这两种药截然不同。
苏颂说：《尔雅》记载：葶苈叫做䓞（音典），种子、叶子都像芥菜，一名狗荠。菥䓞，就是大荠。大致上这两种药都属于荠类，所以人们不能仔细区分，因此产生疑惑。古今治疗眼疾的方剂多使用它们。
李时珍说：荠与菥䓞是同一种植物，只是分为大、小两个品种罢了。小的是荠，大的是菥䓞，菥䓞有毛。所以它们的种子功效相同，陈士良的本草著作中也说荠实又名菥䓞。葶苈与菥䓞同类，但菥䓞味甘花白，葶苈味苦花黄，这是区别所在。有人说菥䓞就是甜葶苈，也讲得通。
苗
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】和中益气，利肝明目（李时珍）。
菥䓞子
【气味】辛，微温，无毒。
苏恭说：甘而不辛。
吴普说：神农、雷公认为：辛；李当之认为：小温。
徐之才说：配合蔓荆实、细辛效果好。畏干姜、苦参。一说：苦参为其使药。
【主治】明目止痛止泪，除痹症，补五脏，益精光。久服轻身不老（《神农本草经》）。治疗心腹腰痛（《名医别录》）。治疗肝脏积聚，眼睛红肿（甄权）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方一个。
眼睛热痛，流泪不止：菥䓞子，捣碎筛成粉末。睡觉时用铜簪蘸取少许点入眼中，会有热泪及污物排出，效果很好。
眼中长息肉：方法同上，每晚点之。（崔元亮《海上方》）
(Sound "xi mi". Listed as Superior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*.)
[Correction] Moved from the Herb section to this section.
[Names] Daqi (Da Shepherd's Purse) (*Bielu*), Daji (*Benjing*), Maxin.
Shizhen said: These names are difficult to explain. *Wu Pu Bencao* also states: another name is Ximu, another name is Rongmu, another name is Maju.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Xicha grows in the rivers, marshes of Xianyang, and by the roadsides. Harvested in April and May, dried in the sun.
Hongjing said: It is now found everywhere. It is the seed of Daqi. It is rarely used in prescriptions.
Baosheng said: The leaves resemble those of shepherd's purse but are finer; commonly called Laoqi (Old Shepherd's Purse).
Gong said: *Erya* states: Xicha is Daqi. The annotation says: resembles shepherd's purse, commonly called Laoqi. However, its taste is sweet and not pungent.
Cangqi said: In *Benjing*, Xicha is also named Daqi. Su Shi cited *Erya* for the note. Upon examination: Daqi is Tingli (Descurainia Seed), not Xicha. Xicha is large and flat, while Tingli is fine and round; the two substances are distinct.
Song said: *Erya*: Tingli is called Dian (sound dian), seeds and leaves resemble mustard greens, another name is Gouqi (Dog Shepherd's Purse). Xicha is Daqi. Generally, both belong to the shepherd's purse family, so people cannot distinguish them carefully, leading to doubt. Ancient and modern prescriptions for eye diseases often use them.
Shizhen said: Qi (Shepherd's Purse) and Xicha are the same plant, merely divided into large and small varieties. The small one is Qi, the large one is Xicha, which has hairs. Thus, their seeds have the same efficacy, and Chen Shiliang's *Bencao* also states that Jishi (Shepherd's Purse Seed) is another name for Xicha. Tingli and Xicha are of the same category, but Xicha is sweet in taste with white flowers, whereas Tingli is bitter in taste with yellow flowers; this is the difference. Some say Xicha is Tian Tingli (Sweet Tingli), which is also acceptable.
Seedling
[Taste and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Harmonizes the middle and boosts qi, benefits the liver and clarifies vision (Shizhen).
Xicha Zi (Xicha Seed)
[Taste and Nature] Pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic.
Gong said: Sweet and not pungent.
Pu said: Shennong and Leigong: Pungent; Li Dangzhi: Slightly warm.
Zhicai said: Works well with Manjingzi (Vitex Fruit) and Xixin (Asarum). Adversely affected by Jiangjiang (Dried Ginger) and Kushen (Sophora Root). One theory says Kushen acts as its guiding herb.
[Indications] Clarifies vision, relieves pain and stops tearing, removes bi-syndrome, tonifies the five zang organs, enhances essence and brightness. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging (*Benjing*). Treats heart, abdomen, and lower back pain (*Bielu*). Treats liver accumulation and red, swollen eyes (Zhen Quan).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, one new prescription.
Hot pain in eyes, continuous tearing: Xicha Zi, pounded and sifted into powder. At bedtime, dip a copper hairpin into a small amount and apply to the eye. Hot tears and foul matter will discharge; very effective.
Polyp in the eye: Same method as above, apply every night. (Cui Yuanliang *Haishang Fang*)