（《拾遗》）
【气味】有小毒。
藏器曰∶此在簇上乌臭者。
【主治】蚀疮有根者，及外野鸡病，并敷之。白死者主白游疹，赤死者主赤游疹（藏器）。
蚕蛹
瑞曰∶缲丝后蛹子。今人食之，呼小蜂儿。
思邈曰∶ 犬啮者，终身禁食，发则难免。
【主治】炒食，治风及劳瘦。研敷 疮恶疮（大明）。为末饮服，
热，除蛔虫。煎汁饮，止消渴。（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
消渴烦乱∶蚕蛹二两，以无灰
服。（《圣惠方》）
茧卤汁
藏器曰∶此是茧中蛹汁，非碱卤也。于盐茧瓮下收之。
【主治】百虫入肉， 蚀瘙疥，及牛马虫疮。为汤浴小儿，去疮疥，杀虫。以竹筒盛之，
浸山蜍、山蛭入肉，蚊子诸虫咬毒。亦可预带一筒，取一蛭入中，并持干海苔一片，亦辟诸
蛭（藏器）。
【发明】藏器曰∶苏恭注蛭云∶山人自有疗法，盖此法也。
时珍曰∶山蛭见蛭条。山蜍（音余），蜘蛛也。啮人甚毒。
（已出蛾者）
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】烧灰酒服，治痈肿无头，次日即破。又疗诸疳疮，及下血、血淋、血崩
汁饮，止消渴反胃，除蛔虫（时珍。弘景曰∶茧瓮入术用）。
【发明】时珍曰∶蚕茧方书多用，而诸家本草并不言及，诚缺文也。近世用治痈疽代针，
用一枚即出一头，二枚即出二头，神效无比。煮汤治消渴，古方甚称之。丹溪朱氏言此物属
火，有阴之用，能泻膀胱中相火，引清气上朝于口，故能止渴也。缲丝汤及丝绵煮汁，功
并相同。又黄丝绢能补脬，锦灰止血，并见服器部。
【附方】新五。
痘疮疳蚀脓水不绝∶用出了蚕蛾茧，以生白矾末填满。 枯为末，擦之甚效。（陈文中
《小儿方》）
口舌生疮∶蚕茧五个，包硼砂，瓦上焙焦为末，抹之。
大小便血∶茧黄散∶治肠风，大小便血，淋沥疼痛。用茧黄、蚕蜕纸（并烧存性）、晚
蚕砂、白僵蚕（并炒）等分为末，入麝香少许。每服二钱，用米饮
惠方》）
妇人血崩∶方法同上。
反胃吐食∶蚕茧十个煮汁，烹鸡子三枚食之，以无灰酒下，日二服，神效。或以缲丝汤
煮粟米粥食之。（《普济方》）
蚕蜕
【释名】马明退（《嘉 》）、
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】血风病，益妇人（《嘉 》）。妇人血风（宗 ）。治目中翳
蚕连
【主治】吐血鼻洪，肠风泻血，崩中带下，赤白
（宗 ）。
牙宣牙痛，牙痈牙疳，头疮喉痹，风癫狂祟。蛊毒药毒，沙证腹痛，小便淋 ，妇人
难产及吹乳疼痛（时珍）。
【发明】禹锡曰∶蚕蜕，今医家多用初出蚕子（退在纸上者），东方诸医用老蚕眠起所
蜕皮，功用相近，当以蜕皮为正。入药微炒用。
宗 曰∶蚕蜕，当用眠起时所蜕皮。蚕连烧灰亦可用。
时珍曰∶马明蜕、蚕连纸，功用相同，亦如蝉蜕、蛇蜕之义。但古方多用蚕纸者，因其
易得耳。
【附方】旧四，新十五。
吐血不止∶蚕蜕纸烧存性，蜜和，丸如芡实大。含化咽津。（《集验》）
牙宣牙痈及口疮∶并用蚕蜕纸烧灰，干敷之。（《集验》）
风虫牙痛∶蚕纸烧灰擦之。良久，盐汤漱口。（《直指方》）
走马牙疳∶《集验》∶用蚕蜕纸灰，入麝香少许，贴之。《直指》∶加白僵蚕等分。
一切疳疮∶马明蜕（烧灰）三钱，轻粉、乳香少许。先以温浆水洗净，敷之。（《儒门事
亲》）
小儿头疮∶蚕蜕纸烧存性，入轻粉少许，麻油调敷。（《圣惠》）
缠喉风疾∶用蚕蜕纸烧存性，炼蜜和，丸如芡实大。含化咽津。（《集验》）
熏耳治聋∶蚕蜕纸作捻，入麝香二钱，入笔筒烧烟熏之。三次即开。
癫狂邪祟∶凡狂发欲走，或自高贵称神，或悲泣呻吟，此为邪祟。以蚕纸烧灰，酒、水
任下方寸匕。亦治风癫。（《肘后方》）
沙证壮热∶江南有沙证，状如伤寒，头痛壮热呕恶，手足指末微厥。或腹痛闷乱，须臾
杀人。先用蚕蜕纸剪碎，安于瓶中，以碟盖之，滚汤沃之，封固良久。乘热服，暖卧取汗。
（《活人书》）
中蛊药毒∶虽面青脉绝，腹胀吐血者，服之即活。用蚕蜕纸烧存性，为末。新汲水服一
钱。（《岭南卫生方》）
中诸药毒∶用蚕纸数张，烧灰，冷水服。（《卫生易简方》）
小便涩痛不通∶用蚕蜕纸，烧存性，入麝香少许，米饮每服二钱。（王氏《博济方》）
热淋如血∶蚕种烧灰，入麝香少许，水服二钱，极效方也。（《卫生家宝》）
崩中不止∶蚕故纸一张（剪碎炒焦）、槐子（炒黄）各等分，为末。酒服立愈。（《卫生
易简方》）
吹奶疼痛∶马明蜕（烧灰）一钱五分，轻粉五分，麝香少许。酒服。（《儒门事亲》）
妇人难产∶蚕布袋一张，蛇蜕一条。入新瓦中，以盐泥固， 为末，以榆白皮
（《集成》）
妇人断产∶蚕子故纸一尺，烧为末，酒服。终身不产。（《千金》）
痔漏下血∶蚕纸半张，碗内烧灰，酒服自除。（《奚囊备急方》）
缫丝汤
【主治】止消渴，大验。（时珍）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【气味】具有小毒。
陈藏器说：这是在蚕簇上变黑发臭的蚕。
【主治】治疗有根脚的蚀疮，以及外发的野鸡病（一种皮肤恶疮），均外用敷贴。白色死亡的蚕主治白游疹，红色死亡的蚕主治赤游疹（陈藏器）。
蚕蛹
苏颂说：是缫丝后剩下的蛹子。现在人们食用它，称之为“小蜂儿”。
孙思邈说：被狗咬伤的人，终身禁止食用，一旦发作则难以避免。
【主治】炒熟食用，治疗风疾及劳损消瘦。研碎外敷治疗恶疮（李时珍引大明语）。研成粉末用水冲服，可治热症、驱除蛔虫。煎汁饮用，可止消渴（李时珍）。
【附方】新增一方。
消渴烦乱：取蚕蛹二两，用不含酒精的清水煎煮服用。（《圣惠方》）
茧卤汁
陈藏器说：这是茧中蛹出的汁液，并非碱卤水。在盐渍蚕茧的瓮下收集。
【主治】治疗百虫入肉、恶癣疥疮，以及牛马身上的虫疮。煎汤给小儿洗澡，可去除疮疥、杀虫。用竹筒盛装，浸泡山蜍、山蛭进入皮肉的情况，以及蚊子等虫咬的毒素。也可以预先携带一筒，放入一只蛭在其中，并持一片干海苔，也能辟避各种蛭虫（陈藏器）。
【发明】陈藏器说：苏恭注释蛭虫时说：山中人自有治疗方法，大概就是这个方法。
李时珍说：山蛭见蛭条条目。山蜍（音同“余”），即蜘蛛。咬人毒性很大。
（已出蛾的蚕茧）
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】烧成灰后用酒送服，治疗无头痈肿，次日即可破溃。又治疗各种疳疮，以及便血、血淋、血崩。煎汁饮用，可止消渴、反胃，驱除蛔虫（李时珍。陶弘景说：将蚕茧放入药瓮中与白术同用）。
【发明】李时珍说：蚕茧在方书中应用广泛，但各家本草均未提及，确实是遗漏的文字。近代用它治疗痈疽代替针刀，用一枚就能引出脓头，用两枚能引出两个脓头，神效无比。煮汤治疗消渴，古方非常推崇。丹溪朱氏说此物属火，具有阴的作用，能泻膀胱中的相火，引导清气上行至口腔，所以能止渴。缫丝汤及丝绵煮汁，功效完全相同。另外黄丝绢能补膀胱，锦灰能止血，均见于服器部。
【附方】新增五方。
痘疮疳蚀脓水不绝：使用出了蚕蛾的茧，用生白矾末填满。烧枯后研成粉末，擦患处甚为有效。（陈文中《小儿方》）
口舌生疮：取蚕茧五个，包裹硼砂，在瓦上焙焦研成粉末，涂抹患处。
大小便血：茧黄散：治疗肠风、大小便血、淋沥疼痛。用茧黄、蚕蜕纸（均烧存性）、晚蚕砂、白僵蚕（均炒制）等分研成粉末，加入少许麝香。每次服用二钱，用米饮送服。（《圣惠方》）
妇人血崩：方法同上。
反胃吐食：取蚕茧十个煮汁，烹煮鸡蛋三个食用，用不含酒精的酒送下，每日两次，神效。或者用缫丝汤煮粟米粥食用。（《普济方》）
蚕蜕
【释名】马明退（《嘉祐本草》）、
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】治疗血风病，对妇女有益（《嘉祐本草》）。治疗妇人血风（寇宗奭）。治疗眼中翳膜（寇宗奭）。
蚕连
【主治】吐血鼻衄，肠风泻血，崩中带下，赤白带下（寇宗奭）。
牙宣牙痛，牙痈牙疳，头疮喉痹，风癫狂祟。蛊毒药毒，沙证腹痛，小便淋涩，妇人难产及吹乳疼痛（李时珍）。
【发明】禹锡说：蚕蜕，现在医家多用刚孵出的蚕子（蜕在纸上的），东方诸医用老蚕眠起时所蜕的皮，功用相近，应当以蜕皮为正统。入药微炒后使用。
寇宗奭说：蚕蜕，应当用眠起时所蜕的皮。蚕连烧灰也可以使用。
李时珍说：马明蜕、蚕连纸，功用相同，也像蝉蜕、蛇蜕的道理一样。只是古方多用蚕纸，因为容易得到的缘故。
【附方】旧方四首，新方十五首。
吐血不止：将蚕蜕纸烧存性，用蜂蜜调和，制成如芡实大小的丸剂。含化咽津。（《集验方》）
牙宣牙痈及口疮：均用蚕蜕纸烧灰，干敷患处。（《集验方》）
风虫牙痛：将蚕纸烧灰擦拭。良久后，用盐汤漱口。（《直指方》）
走马牙疳：《集验方》：用蚕蜕纸灰，加入少许麝香，贴敷患处。《直指方》：加入白僵蚕等分。
一切疳疮：马明蜕（烧灰）三钱，轻粉、乳香少许。先用温浆水洗净，然后敷药。（《儒门事亲》）
小儿头疮：将蚕蜕纸烧存性，加入少许轻粉，用麻油调匀敷涂。（《圣惠方》）
缠喉风疾：用蚕蜕纸烧存性，炼蜜调和，制成如芡实大小的丸剂。含化咽津。（《集验方》）
熏耳治聋：将蚕蜕纸做成捻子，加入麝香二钱，放入笔筒中烧烟熏耳。三次即可见效。
癫狂邪祟：凡是狂发欲走，或自高贵称神，或悲泣呻吟，此为邪祟。将蚕纸烧灰，用酒或水任下方寸匕服用。也治疗风癫。（《肘后方》）
沙证壮热：江南有沙证，症状像伤寒，头痛壮热呕恶，手足指端微厥。或腹痛闷乱，片刻杀人。先用蚕蜕纸剪碎，放在瓶中，用碟盖住，注入滚开水，密封良久。趁热服用，暖卧取汗。（《活人书》）
中蛊药毒：虽然面色青紫脉绝，腹胀吐血者，服用后即活。用蚕蜕纸烧存性，研成粉末。新汲水送服一钱。（《岭南卫生方》）
中诸药毒：用蚕纸数张，烧成灰，冷水送服。（《卫生易简方》）
小便涩痛不通：用蚕蜕纸，烧存性，加入少许麝香，米饮每服二钱。（王氏《博济方》）
热淋如血：蚕种烧灰，加入少许麝香，水服二钱，极效方。（《卫生家宝》）
崩中不止：蚕故纸一张（剪碎炒焦）、槐子（炒黄）各等分，研成粉末。酒服立愈。（《卫生易简方》）
吹奶疼痛：马明蜕（烧灰）一钱五分，轻粉五分，麝香少许。酒服。（《儒门事亲》）
妇人难产：蚕布袋一张，蛇蜕一条。放入新瓦中，用盐泥封固，研成粉末，用榆白皮煎汤送服。（《集成方》）
妇人断产：蚕子故纸一尺，烧成粉末，酒服。终身不产。（《千金方》）
痔漏下血：蚕纸半张，碗内烧灰，酒服自除。（《奚囊备急方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Odor and Flavor] Slightly toxic.
Chen Cangqi stated: These are silkworms that have turned black and foul-smelling on the silkworm frame.
[Indications] Treats ulcerating sores with roots, as well as external "wild chicken disease" (a type of malignant skin sore), applied externally. White dead silkworms treat white migratory rash; red dead silkworms treat red migratory rash (Chen Cangqi).
Silkworm Pupa
Su Song stated: These are pupae remaining after reeling silk. People now eat them, calling them "little bee larvae."
Sun Simiao stated: Those bitten by dogs must abstain from eating them for life; if consumed, attacks cannot be avoided.
[Indications] Stir-fried and eaten to treat wind disorders and consumptive emaciation. Ground and applied externally to treat malignant ulcers (Li Shizhen citing Daming). Ground into powder and taken with water to treat heat conditions and expel roundworms. Decoction drunk to stop thirst-quenching needs (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Thirst with vexation and confusion: Take two liang of silkworm pupae, decoct in non-alcoholic clear water, and take orally. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Juice from Silkworm Cocoons
Chen Cangqi stated: This is the juice exuded from the pupa inside the cocoon, not alkaline brine. Collect it from under jars used for salting silkworm cocoons.
[Indications] Treats insects entering the flesh, malignant tinea and scabies, and insect sores on cattle and horses. Decocted as a bath for children to remove sores and scabies and kill parasites. Stored in bamboo tubes, it can soak out mountain toads and leeches that have entered the flesh, as well as venom from mosquito and other insect bites. One may also carry a tube beforehand, placing a leech inside along with a piece of dried seaweed, which can ward off various leeches (Chen Cangqi).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi stated: Su Gong's annotation on leeches says: Mountain people have their own treatment methods, which is likely this method.
Li Shizhen stated: Mountain leeches are described under the entry for Leech. Mountain toads (pronounced "yu") are spiders. Their bite is very poisonous.
(Cocoons from which moths have already emerged)
[Odor and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Burned to ash and taken with wine to treat headless carbuncles, which will break open the next day. Also treats various gan sores, as well as hematochezia, bloody strangury, and metrorrhagia. Decoction drunk to stop thirst, reverse regurgitation, and expel roundworms (Li Shizhen. Tao Hongjing stated: Use cocoons in medicine jars with Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizoma).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Silkworm cocoons are widely used in medical formularies, yet none of the previous materia medica mention them, which is indeed an omission. In recent times, they are used to treat carbuncles and sores instead of needles; using one cocoon draws out one head of pus, using two draws out two heads, with unparalleled divine efficacy. Decoction treated thirst, highly praised in ancient formulas. Zhu Danxi stated that this substance belongs to Fire but has Yin properties, able to drain the ministerial fire in the Bladder, guiding clear Qi upward to the mouth, thus stopping thirst. The soup from reeling silk and the decoction of silk floss have identical effects. Additionally, yellow silk can tonify the bladder, and ash from brocade stops bleeding, both seen in the section on utensils.
[Attached Prescriptions] Five new prescriptions.
Persistent pus from smallpox gan erosion: Use cocoons from which moths have emerged, fill with raw alum powder. Burn until dry, grind into powder, and apply externally with great effect. (Chen Wenzhong *Xiao'er Fang*)
Mouth and tongue sores: Take five silkworm cocoons, wrap with borax, bake on tile until charred, grind into powder, and apply.
Blood in large and small bowel: Jiehuang San: Treats intestinal wind, blood in stool and urine, dribbling pain. Use equal parts of cocoon yellow, silkworm cast-off paper (both burned to retain nature), late-season silkworm feces, and white stiff silkworm (all stir-fried), ground into powder with a little musk. Take two qian per dose, swallowed with rice drink. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Metrorrhagia in women: Same method as above.
Reverse regurgitation and vomiting: Decoct ten silkworm cocoons in water, cook three eggs in the liquid, eat them, and wash down with non-alcoholic wine, twice daily, with divine efficacy. Or cook millet porridge with the silk-reeling soup and eat. (*Pujifang*)
Silkworm Cast-off Skin
[Names] Mingtui (*Jiayou Bencao*),
[Odor and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats blood-wind disorder, beneficial for women (*Jiayou Bencao*). Treats women's blood-wind (Kou Zongshi). Treats eye nebula (Kou Zongshi).
Silkworm Paper (Cast-off Skin on Paper)
[Indications] Hematemesis and epistaxis, intestinal wind with bloody diarrhea, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, red and white discharge (Kou Zongshi).
Gum recession and toothache, dental abscess and noma, scalp sores and pharyngitis, wind-induced epilepsy and demonic possession. Poisoning from gu or drugs, sand syndrome abdominal pain, painful and difficult urination, difficult labor in women, and pain from mastitis (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Yu Xi stated: For silkworm cast-off skin, modern physicians mostly use the skin shed by newly hatched silkworms (on paper), while physicians in the East use the skin shed during the sleeping and waking cycles of old silkworms. The functions are similar, but the shed skin should be considered orthodox. Use slightly stir-fried for medicinal purposes.
Kou Zongshi stated: For silkworm cast-off skin, use the skin shed during sleeping and waking cycles. Ash from silkworm paper can also be used.
Li Shizhen stated: Mingtui and silkworm paper have identical functions, similar to the relationship between cicada slough and snake slough. However, ancient formulas often used silkworm paper because it was easier to obtain.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old, fifteen new.
Unstoppable hematemesis: Burn silkworm cast-off paper to retain its nature, mix with honey, form pills the size of Chinese quince seeds. Hold in mouth and swallow saliva. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Gum recession, dental abscess, and mouth sores: Use silkworm cast-off paper burned to ash, apply dry. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Wind-insect toothache: Rub with silkworm paper burned to ash. After some time, rinse mouth with salt water. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Rapidly progressing noma: *Jiyan Fang*: Use ash of silkworm cast-off paper with a little musk, apply to lesion. *Zhizhi Fang*: Add equal parts of white stiff silkworm.
All gan sores: Three qian of Mingtui (burned to ash), a little calomel and frankincense. First clean with warm grain water, then apply. (*Rumen Shiqin*)
Infantile scalp sores: Burn silkworm cast-off paper to retain nature, add a little calomel, mix with sesame oil, and apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Peritonsillar abscess: Burn silkworm cast-off paper to retain nature, mix with refined honey, form pills the size of Chinese quince seeds. Hold in mouth and swallow saliva. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Ear fumigation to treat deafness: Make silkworm paper into a roll, add two qian of musk, burn in a brush holder to fumigate the ear. Effective after three times.
Epilepsy and demonic possession: Whenever madness causes running away, claiming divinity, or weeping and groaning, this is demonic possession. Burn silkworm paper to ash, take one fangcun bi with wine or water at will. Also treats wind epilepsy. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Sand syndrome with high fever: In Jiangnan, there is a sand syndrome resembling typhoid, with headache, high fever, nausea, and slight coldness in finger and toe tips. Or abdominal pain and restlessness, killing within moments. First, cut silkworm cast-off paper into pieces, place in a bottle, cover with a plate, pour boiling water, seal tightly for a long time. Drink while hot, lie warm to induce sweating. (*Huo Ren Shu*)
Gu poison or drug poisoning: Even if face is cyanotic, pulse is absent, abdomen is distended, and vomiting blood occurs, taking this will revive. Burn silkworm cast-off paper to retain nature, grind into powder. Take one qian with fresh drawn water. (*Lingnan Weisheng Fang*)
Poisoning from various drugs: Burn several sheets of silkworm paper to ash, take with cold water. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Astringent and painful urination with obstruction: Burn silkworm cast-off paper to retain nature, add a little musk, take two qian per dose with rice drink. (Wang Shi *Boji Fang*)
Hot strangury resembling blood: Burn silkworm seed casing to ash, add a little musk, take two qian with water, extremely effective formula. (*Weisheng Jiabao*)
Unstoppable metrorrhagia: One sheet of old silkworm paper (cut and stir-fried until scorched), equal parts of sophora fruit (stir-fried until yellow), ground into powder. Take with wine for immediate cure. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Mastitis pain: One qian five fen of Mingtui (burned to ash), five fen of calomel, a little musk. Take with wine. (*Rumen Shiqin*)
Difficult labor in women: One silkworm pouch, one snake slough. Place in a new tile, seal with salt mud, grind into powder, take with decoction of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica bark. (*Jicheng Fang*)
Contraception in women: One chi of old silkworm egg paper, burned to ash, taken with wine. Results in lifelong infertility. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Hemorrhoids with bleeding: Half a sheet of silkworm paper, burned to ash in a bowl, taken with wine for self-cure. (*Xinang Beiji Fang*)
Silk-Reeling Soup
[Indications] Stops thirst, with significant effect. (Li Shizhen).