（宋《开宝》）
【释名】栗当（《开宝》）、草苁蓉（《开宝》）、花苁蓉（《日华》）。
【集解】志曰∶列当生山南岩石上，如藕根，初生掘取阴干。
保升曰∶原州、秦州、渭州、灵州皆有之。暮春抽苗，四月中旬采取，长五、六寸至一
尺以来，茎圆紫色，采取压扁，日干。
颂曰∶草苁蓉根与肉苁蓉极相类，刮去花，压扁以代肉者，功力殊劣。即列当也。
根
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】男子五劳七伤，补腰肾，令人有子，去风血，煮酒、浸酒服之（《开宝》）。
【附方】旧一。
阳事不兴∶栗当（好者）二斤（即列当）。捣筛毕，以好酒一斗浸之经宿，随性日饮之。
（昝殷《食医心镜》）
（《补遗》）
【集解】时珍曰∶锁阳出肃州。按∶陶九成《辍耕录》云∶锁阳，生鞑靼田地，野马或
与蛟龙遗精入地，久之发起如笋，上丰下俭，鳞甲栉比，筋脉联系，绝类男阳，即肉苁蓉之
类。或谓里之淫妇，就而合之，一得阴气，勃然怒长。土人掘取洗涤，去皮薄切晒干，以充
药货，功力百倍于苁蓉也。时珍疑此自有种类，如肉苁蓉、列当，亦未必尽是遗精所生也。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】大补阴气，益精血，利大便。虚人大便燥结者，啖之可代苁蓉，煮粥弥佳。不
燥结者勿用（震亨）。润燥养筋，治痿弱（时珍）。
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】栗当（出自《开宝本草》）、草苁蓉（出自《开宝本草》）、花苁蓉（出自《日华子本草》）。
【集解】苏颂说：列当生长在南山岩石上，形状像藕根，刚出土时挖掘出来阴干。
寇宗奭说：原州、秦州、渭州、灵州都有出产。暮春时节抽苗，四月中旬采收，长度在五、六寸到一尺左右，茎呈圆形且为紫色，采后压扁，晒干。
苏颂说：草苁蓉的根与肉苁蓉非常相似，刮去花，压扁后用来冒充肉苁蓉的，药效相差很大。这就是列当。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】治疗男子五劳七伤，补益腰肾，使人能够生育，祛除风血，煮酒或浸酒服用（出自《开宝本草》）。
【附方】旧方一条。
阳痿不举：选用优质的栗当（即列当）二斤。捣碎筛成细末后，用一斗好酒浸泡过夜，根据身体情况每日适量饮用。
（昝殷《食医心镜》）
（《本草纲目·拾遗》部分）
【集解】李时珍说：锁阳产于肃州。据陶宗仪《辍耕录》记载：锁阳生长在鞑靼地区的土地上，野马或蛟龙遗精入地，久而久之萌发如笋状，上部丰满下部俭薄，鳞片排列整齐，筋脉相连，极像男性生殖器，属于肉苁蓉一类。有人说这是当地淫妇与之交合，得到阴气后勃然怒长。当地人挖掘洗净，去皮薄切晒干，作为药材使用，功效比肉苁蓉强百倍。李时珍怀疑这自有其种类，如同肉苁蓉、列当一样，也未必全是遗精所生。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】大补阴气，益精血，通利大便。虚人大便燥结者，食用它可以代替肉苁蓉，煮粥吃更好。如果不燥结则不要使用（朱震亨语）。润燥养筋，治疗痿弱（李时珍语）。
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao* records)
[Names] Lidang (from *Kaibao Bencao*), Caorongrong (from *Kaibao Bencao*), Huaorongrong (from *Rihua Bencao*).
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: *Orobanche* (Lie Dang, Broomrape) grows on rocks in the southern mountains, resembling lotus root rhizomes. It is dug up when newly sprouted and dried in the shade.
Kou Zongshi stated: It is found in Yuanzhou, Qinzhou, Weizhou, and Lingzhou. It shoots up in late spring and is harvested in mid-April. The stems are round, purple, about 5-6 cun to 1 chi long. After harvesting, they are flattened and sun-dried.
Su Song stated: The root of *Caorongrong* (Grass Cistanche) is extremely similar to *Rou Congrong* (Cistanche). Those that are scraped of flowers, flattened, and used as substitutes for *Rou Congrong* have significantly inferior efficacy. This is *Lie Dang*.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats the five emaciations and seven injuries in men; tonifies the waist and kidneys; promotes fertility; dispels wind and blood stasis; taken as decocted wine or infused wine (*Kaibao Bencao*).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
Impotence (Yang Shi Bu Xing): Two jin of high-quality Lidang (i.e., Lie Dang). After pounding and sieving into powder, soak in one dou of fine wine overnight. Drink appropriately according to tolerance daily.
(Zan Yin, *Shiyi Xinjing*)
(*Bencao Gangmu · Shiyi* Supplement)
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Suoyang originates from Suzhou. According to Tao Chengyi’s *Chuo Geng Lu*: Suoyang grows in the lands of the Tartars. It is said that wild horses or dragons ejaculate into the ground, and after a long time, it sprouts like a bamboo shoot. It is plump at the top and slender at the bottom, with scales arranged like comb teeth and tendons connecting them, resembling male genitalia closely. It belongs to the category of *Rou Congrong*. Some say it results from local promiscuous women copulating with it; upon receiving yin qi, it grows vigorously. Locals dig it up, wash it, peel it, slice it thinly, and sun-dry it for medicinal use. Its efficacy is hundreds of times greater than that of *Congrong*. Li Shizhen suspects that this plant has its own distinct species, just like *Rou Congrong* and *Lie Dang*, and may not necessarily be generated solely from semen.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Greatly tonifies yin qi; benefits essence and blood; facilitates bowel movements. For deficient individuals with dry and constipated stools, consuming it can replace *Rou Congrong*; cooking it in porridge is even better. Do not use if there is no dryness/constipation (Zhu Zhenheng). Moistens dryness, nourishes sinews, treats flaccidity syndrome (Li Shizhen).