（《本经》上品）
【释名】肉松容（《吴普》）、黑司命（《吴普》）。
时珍曰∶此物补而不峻，故有从容之号。从容，和缓之貌。
【集解】《别录》曰∶肉苁蓉，生河西山谷及代郡雁门，五月五日采，阴干。
普曰∶生河西山阴地，丛生，二月至八月采。
弘景曰∶代郡雁门属并州，多马处便有之，言是野马精落地所生。生时似肉，以作羊肉
羹补虚乏极佳，亦可生啖。芮芮河南间至多。今第一出陇西，形扁广，柔润多花而味甘。次
出北地者，形短而少花。巴东建平间亦有，而不嘉也。
恭曰∶此乃论草苁蓉也，陶未见肉者。今人所用亦草苁蓉刮去花，代肉苁蓉，功力稍劣。
保升曰∶出肃州福禄县沙中。三月、四月掘根，长尺余，切取中央好者三四寸，绳穿阴
干，八月始好，皮有松子鳞甲。其草苁蓉，四月中旬采，长五、六寸至一尺以来，茎圆紫色。
大明曰∶生 落树下，并土堑上，此即非马交之处，陶说误尔。又有花苁蓉，即暮春抽苗者，
力较微尔。
颂曰∶今陕西州郡多有之，然不及西羌界中来者，肉浓而力紧。旧说是野马遗沥所生，
今西人云大木间及土堑垣中多生，乃知自有种类尔。或疑其初生于马沥，后乃滋殖，如茜根
生于人血之类是也。五月采取，恐老不堪，故多三月采之。
震亨曰∶河西混一之后，今方识其真形，何尝有所谓鳞甲者？盖苁蓉罕得，人多以金莲
根用盐盆制而为之，又以草苁蓉充之，用者宜审。
嘉谟曰∶今人以嫩松梢盐润伪之。
【修治】 曰∶凡使先须清酒浸一宿，至明以棕刷去沙土浮甲，劈破中心，去白膜一重
，如竹丝草样。有此，能隔人心前气不散，令人上气也。以甑蒸之，从午至酉取出，又用酥
炙得所。
【气味】甘，微温，无毒。《别录》曰∶酸、咸。普曰∶神农、黄帝∶咸；雷公∶酸；
李当之∶小温。
【主治】五劳七伤，补中，除茎中寒热痛，养五腑，强阴，益精气，多子，妇人症瘕。
久服轻身（《本经》）。除膀胱邪气腰痛，止痢（《别录》）。益髓，悦颜色，延年，大补壮阳，
日御过倍，治女人血崩（甄权）。男子绝阳不兴，女子绝阴不产，润五脏，长肌肉，暖腰膝，
男子泄精尿血遗沥，女子带下阴痛（大明）。
【发明】好古曰∶命门相火不足者，以此补之，乃肾经血分药也。凡服苁蓉以治肾，必
妨心。
震亨曰∶峻补精血，骤用，反动大便滑也。
藏器曰∶强筋健髓，以苁蓉、鳝鱼二味为末，黄精汁丸服之，力可十倍。此说出《干宁
记》。
颂曰∶西人多用作食。只刮去鳞甲，以酒浸洗去黑汁，薄切，合山芋、羊肉作羹，极美
好，益人，胜服补药。
宗 曰∶洗去黑汁，气味皆尽矣。然嫩者，方可作羹；老者，味苦。入药，少则不效。
【附方】旧一，新四。
补益劳伤，精败面黑∶用苁蓉四两，水煮令烂，薄切细研精羊肉，分为四度，下五味，
以米煮粥空心食。（《药性论》）肾虚白浊∶肉苁蓉、鹿茸、山药、白茯苓等分，为末，米糊
丸梧子大，每枣汤下三十丸。（《圣济总录》）汗多便秘，老人虚人皆可用。肉苁蓉（酒浸，
焙）二两，研沉香末一两。为末，麻子仁汁打糊，丸梧子大。每服七十丸，白汤下。（《济生
方》）消中易饥∶肉苁蓉、山茱萸、五味子为末。蜜丸梧子大。每盐酒下二十丸。（《医学指
南》）破伤风病，口噤身强∶肉苁蓉切片晒干，用一小盏，底上穿定，烧烟于疮上熏之，累
效。（《卫生总微》）
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】肉松容（出自《吴普本草》）、黑司命（出自《吴普本草》）。
李时珍说：这种药物补益作用温和而不猛烈，所以有“从容”这个名称。从容，是指和缓的样子。
【集解】《名医别录》说：肉苁蓉生长在河西山谷以及代郡雁门一带，五月五日采集，阴干。
吴普说：生长在河西山的背阴处，丛生，二月至八月采集。
陶弘景说：代郡雁门属于并州，多马的地方就有它，说是野马的精液落地后生长出来的。生长时像肉一样，用来做羊肉羹补虚损非常极佳，也可以生吃。芮芮河南间非常多。现在最好的产自陇西，形状扁宽，柔润多花且味道甘甜。其次产自北地的，形状短小且花少。巴东建平间也有，但品质不佳。
苏恭说：这说的是草苁蓉，陶弘景没有见过真正的肉苁蓉。现在人们使用的也是草苁蓉，刮去花后，冒充肉苁蓉，功效稍差。
保升说：出产于肃州福禄县的沙地中。三月、四月挖根，长一尺多，切取中间好的三四寸，用绳子穿起阴干，到八月才好，皮上有松子般的鳞甲。那种草苁蓉，四月中旬采集，长五、六寸到一尺左右，茎圆紫色。
马志说：生长在落叶树下，以及土坎上，这里并不是马交配的地方，陶弘景的说法是错误的。又有花苁蓉，就是暮春抽苗的，力量比较微弱。
苏颂说：现在陕西各州郡多有出产，但不如西羌边界来的好，肉质浓厚而药力强劲。旧时说它是野马遗精所生，现在西人说在大树间及土坎垣中多生长，才知道它有自己独立的种类。有人怀疑它起初生于马沥，后来才滋殖，就像茜根生于人血之类的一样。五月采取恐怕老了不堪用，所以多在三月采集。
朱震亨说：河西统一之后，现在才识得它的真形，何尝有所谓的鳞甲呢？大概因为苁蓉难得，很多人用金莲根用盐盆腌制来冒充它，又用草苁蓉来充数，使用者应当仔细辨别。
嘉谟说：现在的人用嫩松梢盐渍润制来伪造它。
【修治】曰：凡使用必须先清酒浸泡一夜，到天亮时用棕刷去掉沙土和浮甲，劈开中心，去掉一层白膜，像竹丝草的样子。如果有这层膜，能阻隔人心前的气不散，让人产生上气（气喘/气逆）的症状。用甑蒸它，从午时到酉时取出，再用酥油炙烤得当。
【气味】甘味，微温，无毒。《名医别录》说：酸、咸。吴普说：神农、黄帝认为咸；雷公认为酸；李当之认为小温。
【主治】五劳七伤，补中气，消除茎中寒热痛，滋养五脏腑，强壮阴精，益精气，多子，治疗妇人症瘕。久服轻身（出自《神农本草经》）。消除膀胱邪气腰痛，止痢疾（出自《名医别录》）。益髓，悦颜色，延年，大补壮阳，房事能力加倍，治疗女人血崩（甄权）。男子绝阳不兴，女子绝阴不产，滋润五脏，长肌肉，暖腰膝，治疗男子泄精尿血遗沥，女子带下阴痛（马志）。
【发明】好古说：命门相火不足的人，用它来补益，这是肾经血分的药。凡是服用苁蓉来治肾，必定会妨碍心。
朱震亨说：峻补精血，如果骤用，反而会导致大便滑泄。
藏器说：强筋健髓，用苁蓉、鳝鱼两味研为末，用黄精汁做成丸服用，力量可十倍于此。此说法出自《干宁记》。
苏颂说：西人多用作食物。只刮去鳞甲，用酒浸洗去黑汁，薄切，合山芋、羊肉作羹，极美好，有益于人，胜过服用补药。
宗说：洗去黑汁，气味就都没了。然而嫩的才可以作羹；老的，味道苦。入药，量少则无效。
【附方】旧方一个，新方四个。
补益劳伤，精败面黑：用苁蓉四两，水煮烂，薄切细研，加精羊肉，分四次，下五味调料，用米煮粥空腹食用。（《药性论》）肾虚白浊：肉苁蓉、鹿茸、山药、白茯苓等分，研为末，米糊丸梧子大，每用枣汤送下三十丸。（《圣济总录》）汗多便秘，老人虚人都可用。肉苁蓉（酒浸，焙）二两，研沉香末一两。为末，麻子仁汁打糊，丸梧子大。每服七十丸，白开水送下。（《济生方》）消中易饥：肉苁蓉、山茱萸、五味子为末。蜜丸梧子大。每用盐酒送下二十丸。（《医学指南》）破伤风病，口噤身强：肉苁蓉切片晒干，用一小盏，底上穿定，烧烟于疮上熏之，屡效。（《卫生总微》）
(Registered as a Superior Grade herb in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Divine Farmer's Materia Medica])
[Names] Rou Song Rong (from *Wu Pu Bencao* [Materia Medica by Wu Pu]), Hei Si Ming (from *Wu Pu Bencao*).
Li Shizhen says: This substance tonifies without being harsh, hence the name "Cong Rong" (Calm and Gentle). "Cong Rong" refers to a gentle and unhurried appearance.
[Collection and Explanation] The *Bie Lu* [Record of Exclusion] states: Cong Rong grows in the valleys of Hexi and in Yanmen of Dai Commandery. It is harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and dried in the shade.
Pu says: It grows in the shady areas of mountains in Hexi, growing in clumps, harvested from the second to the eighth lunar months.
Hongjing says: Yanmen of Dai Commandery belongs to Bingzhou; where there are many horses, it is found. It is said to grow from wild horse essence falling to the ground. When fresh, it resembles meat. It is excellent for making mutton soup to tonify deficiency and exhaustion, and can also be eaten raw. It is very abundant south of the Ruirui River. Currently, the best quality comes from Longxi, with a flat and broad shape, soft and moist, rich in flowers, and sweet in taste. The next best comes from Beidi, with a shorter shape and fewer flowers. There is also some in Badong Jianping, but it is not of good quality.
Gong says: This describes Cao Cong Rong [Herbal Cistanche], whereas Tao Hongjing did not see the true Rou Cong Rong [Meat Cistanche]. What people use today is also Cao Cong Rong, with flowers scraped off, passed off as Rou Cong Rong, but its efficacy is slightly inferior.
Baosheng says: It is produced in the sands of Fulu County, Suzhou. In March and April, the roots are dug up, over a chi long. The central good parts of three or four cun are cut, threaded with rope, and dried in the shade. They are ready by August, with pine-nut-like scales on the skin. The herbal variety, Cao Cong Rong, is harvested in mid-April, five to six cun to one chi long, with a round purple stem.
Daming says: It grows under deciduous trees and on earth banks; this is not where horses mate, so Tao's statement is erroneous. There is also Hua Cong Rong [Flowering Cistanche], which sprouts in late spring, but its power is weaker.
Song says: It is now common in various prefectures of Shaanxi, yet not as good as that from the Western Qiang borders, which has thick flesh and potent energy. The old theory says it is born from wild horse semen, but now people in the west say it grows abundantly among large trees and in earth banks, indicating it has its own species. Some suspect it initially grows from horse discharge and later propagates, similar to Qian Gen [Qian Grass Root] growing from human blood. Harvesting in May fears it may become too old and unusable, so it is mostly harvested in March.
Zhenheng says: After the unification of Hexi, we have only recently recognized its true form. Where are these so-called scales? Because Cong Rong is rare, many people use Jin Lian Gen [Golden Lotus Root] preserved in salt basins to fake it, and fill it with Cao Cong Rong. Users should examine carefully.
Jiamo says: People nowadays fake it using tender pine tips moistened with salt.
[Processing] Says: Generally, before use, it must be soaked in clear wine overnight. At dawn, brush off sand, soil, and floating scales with a palm fiber brush. Split the center and remove one layer of white membrane, resembling bamboo silk grass. If this membrane remains, it can obstruct the Qi in front of the heart, causing upper Qi rebellion (asthma/dyspnea). Steam it in a steamer from Wu hour (11 am-1 pm) to You hour (5 pm-7 pm), then take out and roast properly with butter/suet.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. *Bie Lu* says: Sour, salty. Pu says: Shen Nong and Huang Di considered it salty; Lei Gong considered it sour; Li Dangzhi considered it slightly warm.
[Indications] Treats Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, tonifies the Middle Jiao, eliminates cold-hot pain in the penis, nourishes the Five Zang Organs, strengthens Yin, benefits Essence and Qi, promotes fertility, treats abdominal masses in women. Long-term use lightens the body (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Eliminates pathogenic Qi in the Bladder causing lower back pain, stops dysentery (*Bie Lu*). Benefits Marrow, enhances complexion, prolongs life, greatly tonifies and strengthens Yang, doubles sexual capacity, treats uterine bleeding in women (Zhen Quan). Treats men with absolute Yang failure and inability to erect, women with absolute Yin failure and inability to conceive, moistens the Five Zang Organs, builds muscle, warms the waist and knees, treats seminal emission, hematuria, and post-void dribbling in men, leukorrhea and genital pain in women (Daming).
[Elucidation] Haoguo says: For those with insufficient Ministerial Fire at the Gate of Life, this is used to tonify; it is a medicine entering the Kidney Meridian Blood aspect. Whenever Cong Rong is taken to treat the Kidneys, it inevitably hinders the Heart.
Zhenheng says: It severely tonifies Essence and Blood. If used abruptly, it may cause loose stools.
Cangqi says: Strengthens tendons and bones, benefits Marrow. By grinding Cong Rong and Eel into powder and taking it as pills made with Polygonatum juice, the efficacy can be tenfold. This theory comes from *Ganning Ji*.
Song says: People in the West often use it as food. Only scraping off the scales, washing away the black juice with wine, slicing thinly, and cooking with Yam and Mutton makes a delicious soup, beneficial to people, surpassing medicinal tonics.
Zong says: Washing away the black juice removes all flavor. However, only tender ones can be used for soup; old ones are bitter. For medicinal use, small doses are ineffective.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, four new prescriptions.
Tonifying exhaustion and injury, ruined Essence with dark face: Use four liang of Cong Rong, boiled until soft, sliced thinly and finely ground. Add fine mutton meat, divided into four portions. Add five spices, cook with rice into porridge, eat on an empty stomach. (*Yao Xing Lun*)
Kidney Deficiency with White Turbidity: Equal parts Cong Rong, Deer Antler, Chinese Yam, and Poria. Grind into powder, make pills with rice paste the size of wu zi seeds. Take thirty pills per dose with jujube decoction. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Excessive sweating with constipation, suitable for elderly and deficient persons: Two liang of Cong Rong (soaked in wine, baked), one liang of powdered Agarwood. Grind into powder, make pills with sesame seed juice the size of wu zi seeds. Take seventy pills per dose with plain water. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Xiao Zhong [Gluttony/Thirst with Hunger] prone to hunger: Cong Rong, Cornus Fruit, and Schisandra Berry ground into powder. Make honey pills the size of wu zi seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with salted wine. (*Yixue Zhinan*)
Broken Wind Disease [Tetanus], locked jaw and stiff body: Slice Cong Rong and dry in the sun. Use a small cup with holes punched in the bottom. Burn it to produce smoke and fumigate the wound repeatedly. Effective. (*Weisheng Zongwei*)