（《本经》下品）
【释名】 青（《本经》
弘景曰∶地胆是芫青所化，故亦名 青。用
时珍曰∶地胆者，居地中，其色如胆也。按∶《太平御览》引《尔雅》云∶地胆、地要
青也。又引《吴普本草》云∶地胆一名杜龙，一名青虹。陶弘景以 字为蛙字，音乌娲切
者，
【集解】《别录》曰∶生汶山川谷。八月取之。
弘景曰∶真地胆出梁州，状如大蚂蚁，有翼。伪者是斑蝥所化，状如大豆。大抵疗体略
同，亦难得真耳。
恭曰∶形如大蚂蚁者，今出 州，三月至
未见之，陶亦浪证尔。
保升曰∶二月、三月、八月、九月，草莱上取之，形倍黑色，芫青所化也。
时珍曰∶今处处有之，在地中或墙石内，盖芫青、亭长之类，冬月入蛰者，状如斑蝥。
苏恭未见，反非陶说，非也。《本经》别名芫青，尤为可证。既曰地胆，不应复在草莱上矣。
盖
【修治】同斑蝥。
【气味】辛，寒，有毒。
【主治】鬼疰寒热，鼠 恶疮死肌，破症瘕，堕胎
蚀疮中恶肉，鼻中息肉，散结气石淋。去子，服一刀圭即下
宣拔瘰 根，从小便中出，上亦吐出。又治鼻
（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶今医家多用斑蝥、芫青，而稀用亭长、地胆，盖功亦相类耳。
时珍曰∶按杨氏《直指方》云∶有癌疮颗颗累垂，裂如瞽眼，其中带青，由是簇头各露
一舌，毒深穿孔，男则多发于腹，女则多发于乳，或项或肩，令人昏迷。急宜用地胆为君，
佐以白牵牛、滑石、木通，利小便以宣其毒。更服童尿灌涤余邪，乃可得安也。
【附方】新三。
小肠气痛∶地胆（去翅、足、头，微炒）、朱砂各半两，滑石一两，为末。每苦杖酒食
前调服二钱，即愈。（《宣明》）
鼻中息肉∶地胆，生研汁，灌之。干者，酒煮取汁。又方∶细辛、白芷等分。为末，以
生地胆汁和成膏。每用少许点之，取消为度。（并《圣惠方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】 青（出自《神农本草经》）。
陶弘景说：地胆是由芫青虫变化而成的，所以也叫“青”。
李时珍说：地胆，栖息在地下，它的颜色像胆汁一样。据考证：《太平御览》引用《尔雅》说：地胆、地要就是青。又引用《吴普本草》说：地胆又名杜龙，又名青虹。陶弘景将“青”字解释为蛙字，读音为乌娲切。
【集解】 《名医别录》说：生长在山川谷地中。八月采集。
陶弘景说：真正的地胆出产于梁州，形状像大蚂蚁，有翅膀。伪品是由斑蝥变化而成的，形状像大豆。大体上治疗作用大致相同，但也很难得到真品。
苏恭说：形状像大蚂蚁的，现在出产于某州，三月至某月出现，我没有见过，陶弘景的说法也是随意推测罢了。
苗保升说：二月、三月、八月、九月，在草丛田地里采集，形体加倍黑亮，是芫青所化生的。
李时珍说：现在到处都有，在地中或墙石缝隙内，大概是芫青、亭长之类，冬天入蛰伏状态的，形状像斑蝥。苏恭没有见到过，反而非难陶弘景的说法，这是不对的。《神农本草经》别名它为芫青，这尤为可以证明。既然叫地胆，就不应该再出现在草丛田地上了。大概……
【修治】 处理方法同斑蝥。
【气味】 辛味，寒性，有毒。
【主治】 鬼疰寒热（一种具有传染性、症状类似疟疾的慢性消耗性疾病），鼠瘘恶疮死肌，破除症瘕积聚，堕胎。
腐蚀疮中的腐肉，去除鼻中息肉，消散结气和石淋。去掉子嗣后服用一刀圭的量即可排出。
宣拔瘰疬根核，从小便中排出，有时也能从口中吐出。又治疗鼻……（此处原文残缺，李时珍补注）。
【发明】 苏颂说：现在的医生多用斑蝥、芫青，而很少用亭长、地胆，大概功效也相似罢了。
李时珍说：据杨氏《直指方》记载：有一种癌疮颗粒累累下垂，裂开如盲眼，其中带有青色，因此簇拥的头各露出一条舌头，毒气深重穿透孔洞，男子多发生在腹部，女子多发生在乳房，或者颈部或肩部，令人昏迷。急需用用地胆作为主药，佐以白牵牛、滑石、木通，通利小便以宣发毒邪。再服用童尿灌涤余留的邪气，才能得以安宁。
【附方】 新收三则。
小肠气痛：地胆（去掉翅、足、头，微炒）、朱砂各半两，滑石一两，研为末。每次痛苦时，在酒食前调服二钱，立即痊愈。（出自《宣明论方》）
鼻中息肉：地胆，生研取汁，滴入鼻孔。干燥的地胆，用酒煮取汁。另一方法：细辛、白芷等分。研为末，用生地黄和胆汁调和成膏。每次用少许点涂患处，以消除为度。（均出自《圣惠方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Qing (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Tao Hongjing stated: Di Dan is transformed from *Yuanqing* (Lytta vesicatoria), hence it is also named "Qing".
Li Shizhen stated: Di Dan inhabits underground, and its color resembles bile. According to research: *Taiping Yulan* cites *Erya* stating: Di Dan and Di Yao are both Qing. It also cites *Wu Pu Bencao* stating: Di Dan is also known as Du Long or Qinghong. Tao Hongjing interpreted the character "Qing" as a variant of the character for frog, pronounced with the fanqie method "wu wa qie".
**[Collection and Description]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Grows in mountain valleys. Collected in August.
Tao Hongjing stated: Genuine Di Dan originates from Liangzhou, resembling large ants with wings. Counterfeit ones are transformed from *Banmao* (Mylabris phalerata), resembling soybeans. Generally, their therapeutic properties are similar, but genuine specimens are hard to obtain.
Su Gong stated: Those resembling large ants are now produced in [missing place name], appearing from March to [missing month]. I have not seen them; Tao's assertion is merely speculative.
Miao Baosheng stated: In February, March, August, and September, they are collected from grasslands. They are exceptionally black and are transformations of *Yuanqing*.
Li Shizhen stated: They are found everywhere today, underground or within wall crevices. They are likely related to *Yuanqing* or *Tingzhang*, entering hibernation in winter, resembling *Banmao*. Su Gong had not seen them and thus refuted Tao's statement, which is incorrect. The fact that *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists its alias as *Yuanqing* serves as strong evidence. Since it is called Di Dan, it should not appear on grasslands. Presumably...
**[Processing]** Processing methods are the same as *Banmao*.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Acrid, Cold, Toxic.
**[Indications]** Treats Guizhu Hanre (Ghost Transmission with alternating chills and fever), Shulou (scrofula) with foul ulcers and necrotic tissue, breaks up Zhengjia (masses and accumulations), induces abortion.
Corrodes malignant flesh in sores, removes nasal polyps, disperses stagnant Qi and Stone Lin (lithuria). After removing the offspring, administering one Dao Gui dose results in expulsion.
Draws out the roots of Luoli (scrofulous masses), expelling them through urine or sometimes vomit. Also treats nasal [text missing] (Li Shizhen added notes).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song stated: Physicians nowadays mostly use *Banmao* and *Yuanqing*, rarely using *Tingzhang* or Di Dan, as their effects are largely similar.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Yang Shi's *Zhizhi Fang*: There exists a type of cancerous sore where nodules hang in clusters, cracking like blind eyes, showing greenish hues, with each cluster head exposing a tongue-like projection. The toxin is deep and perforates holes. In men, these often occur on the abdomen; in women, on the breasts, neck, or shoulders, causing coma. Urgently, Di Dan should be used as the sovereign herb, assisted by Baiqianniu (White Morning Glory Seed), Huashi (Talcum), and Mutong (Akebia Stem), to promote urination and vent the toxin. Additionally, drinking child's urine can flush out residual pathogens, leading to recovery.
**[Attached Formulas]** Three new formulas.
Xiaochang Qi Tong (Pain due to Small Intestine Qi Stagnation): Di Dan (remove wings, legs, head, stir-fry lightly) and Zhusha (Cinnabar), each half liang; Huashi (Talcum), one liang. Grind into powder. When suffering pain, take two qian mixed with wine before meals. Cures immediately. (*Xuanming Lunfang*)
Bizhong Rourou (Nasal Polyps): Di Dan, fresh ground to extract juice, instilled into the nose. If dry, boil in wine to extract juice. Another method: Xixin (Asarum) and Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica) in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with juice of fresh Dihuang (Rehmannia Root) and bile to form a paste. Apply a small amount to the affected area until resolved. (Both from *Shenghui Fang*)