（《唐本》）
【校正】原附小麦下，今分出。
【释名】 子（音桓）、黄子。
时珍曰∶此乃女人以完麦罨成黄子，故有诸名。
【集解】恭曰∶女曲，完小麦为饭，和成罨之，待上黄衣，取晒。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】消食下气，止泄痢，下胎，破冷血（苏恭）。
（《唐本》）
【校正】原附小麦下，今分出。
【释名】黄衣（苏恭）、麦黄。
时珍曰∶此乃以米、麦粉和罨，待其熏蒸成黄，故有诸名。
【集解】恭曰∶黄蒸，磨小麦粉拌水和成饼，麻叶裹，待上黄衣，取晒。
藏器曰∶黄蒸与 子不殊。北人以小麦，南人以粳米，六、七月作之，生绿尘者佳。
时珍曰∶女曲蒸麦饭罨成，黄蒸磨米、麦粉罨成，稍有不同也。
【气味】
【主治】并同女曲（苏恭）。温补，能消诸生物（藏器）。温中下气，消食除烦（《日华》）
。治食黄、黄汗（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
黄胆疾，或黄汗染衣，涕唾皆黄∶用好黄蒸二升，每夜以水二升，浸微暖，于铜器中，
平旦绞汁半升饮之，极效。（《必效方》）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】酒母。
时珍曰∶曲以米、麦包罨而成，故字从麦、从米、从包省文，会意也。酒非曲不生，
故曰酒母。《书》云∶若作酒醴，尔惟曲 。是矣。刘熙《释名》云∶曲，朽也，郁使生衣
败朽也。
【集解】藏器曰∶曲，六月作者良。入药须陈久者，炒香用。
时珍曰∶曲有麦、面、米造者不一，皆酒醋所须，俱能消导，功不甚远。造大小麦曲法
∶用大麦米或小麦连皮，井水淘净，晒干。六月六日磨碎，以淘麦水和作块，楮叶包扎，悬
风处，七十日可用矣。造面曲法∶三伏时，用白面五斤，绿豆五升，以蓼汁煮烂。辣蓼
末五两，杏仁泥十两，和踏成饼，楮叶裹悬风处，候生黄收之。造白曲法∶用面五斤，糯米
粉一斗，水拌微湿，筛过踏饼，楮叶包挂风处，五十日成矣。又米曲法∶用糯米粉一斗，自
然蓼汁和作圆丸，楮叶包挂风处，七七日晒收。此数种曲皆可入药。其各地有入诸药草及毒
药者，皆有毒，惟可造酒，不可入药也。
小麦曲
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
震亨曰∶麸皮曲∶凉，入大肠经。
【主治】消谷止痢（《别录》）。平胃气，消食痔，治小儿食痫（苏恭）。调中下气，开胃
，疗脏腑中风寒（藏器）。主霍乱、心膈气、痰逆，除烦，破症结（孟诜）。补虚，去冷气，
除
肠胃中塞，不下食，令人有颜色（吴瑞）。落胎，并下鬼胎（《日华》）。止河鱼之腹疾（梁简
文帝《劝医文》）。
大麦曲
【气味】同前。
【主治】消食和中，下生胎，破血。取五升，以水一斗煮三沸，分五服，其子如糜，
令母肥盛（时珍）。
面曲、米曲
【气味】同前。
【主治】消食积、酒积、
糯米积，研末酒服立愈。余功同小麦曲（时珍。出《千金》）。
【附方】旧五，新四。
米谷食积∶炒曲末，白汤调服二钱，日三服。
三焦滞气∶陈曲（炒）、莱菔子（炒）等分。每用三钱，水煎，入麝香
小腹坚大如盘，胸满，食不能消化∶用曲末，汤服方寸匕，日三。（《千金》）。
水痢百起∶六月六日曲（炒黄）、马蔺子等分，为末，米饮服方寸匕。无马蔺子，用牛
骨灰代之。（《普济方》）。
赤白痢下，水谷不消∶以曲熬粟米粥，服方寸匕，日四、五服。（《肘后方》）。
酒毒便血∶曲一块，湿纸包煨，为末。空心米饮服二钱，神效。
伤寒食复∶曲一饼，煮汁饮之，良。（《类要方》）。
胎动不安，或上抢心，下血者∶生曲饼研末，水和绞汁，服三升。（《肘后》）。
狐刺尿疮∶曲末和独头蒜，杵如麦粒，纳疮孔中，虫出愈。（《
（《唐本草》）
【校正】原附在“小麦”条目之下，现将其分出单独列条。
【释名】子（音桓）、黄子。
李时珍说：这是女子用完整的小麦捂制发酵成黄色的物质，所以有这些名称。
【集解】苏恭说：女曲，是将完整的小麦蒸熟成饭，混合后捂制发酵，等到表面长出黄色菌丝，取出晒干。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】消食下气，止泄痢，下胎，破冷血（苏恭）。
（《唐本草》）
【校正】原附在“小麦”条目之下，现将其分出单独列条。
【释名】黄衣（苏恭）、麦黄。
李时珍说：这是用米、麦粉混合捂制发酵，等到其熏蒸变黄，所以有这些名称。
【集解】苏恭说：黄蒸，是将小麦粉磨碎拌水和成饼，用麻叶包裹，等到表面长出黄色菌丝，取出晒干。
藏器说：黄蒸与子没有区别。北方人用小麦制作，南方人用粳米制作，在六月、七月制作，表面生绿尘的为佳品。
李时珍说：女曲是蒸麦饭捂制而成，黄蒸是磨米、麦粉捂制而成，两者稍有不同。
【气味】
【主治】功效同女曲（苏恭）。温补，能消化各种生冷食物（藏器）。温中下气，消食除烦（《日华子本草》）。治疗食黄、黄汗（李时珍）。
【附方】新增一方。
黄疸病，或黄汗染衣，鼻涕唾液皆黄：用好黄蒸二升，每晚用二升水浸泡微暖，在铜器中，清晨绞取半升汁液服用，效果极佳。（《必效方》）
（宋《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】酒母。
李时珍说：曲是用米、麦包裹捂制发酵而成的，所以字形从“麦”、从“米”、从“包”的省文，是会意字。酒没有曲就不能生成，所以叫酒母。《尚书》说：“如果要酿制甜酒，你就必须用曲。”就是这个意思。刘熙《释名》说：曲，就是朽坏的意思，郁积使其自然生长菌丝而败朽。
【集解】藏器说：六月制作的曲为好。入药须用陈久的，炒香后使用。
李时珍说：曲有大麦、面粉、大米制造的，种类不一，都是酿酒制醋所必需的，都能消导积滞，功效相差不远。制造大小麦曲的方法：用大麦米或带皮的小麦，井水淘洗干净，晒干。六月六日磨碎，用淘麦的水和成块状，用楮树叶包扎，悬挂在通风处，七十天后即可使用。制造面曲的方法：在三伏天时，用白面五斤，绿豆五升，用蓼汁煮烂。加入辣蓼末五两，杏仁泥十两，混合踏成饼状，用楮叶包裹悬挂在通风处，等到生出黄色菌丝后收取。制造白曲的方法：用面五斤，糯米粉一斗，用水拌至微湿，筛过后踏成饼状，用楮叶包裹悬挂在通风处，五十天即成。又一种米曲的制作方法：用糯米粉一斗，用自然蓼汁和成圆丸，用楮叶包裹悬挂在通风处，七七四十九天后晒干收取。这几种曲都可以入药。各地有些加入各种草药及毒药的曲，都有毒性，只可用于造酒，不可入药。
小麦曲
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
朱震亨说：麸皮曲：性凉，入大肠经。
【主治】消谷止痢（《名医别录》）。平胃气，消食痔，治疗小儿食痫（苏恭）。调中下气，开胃，治疗脏腑中风寒（藏器）。主治霍乱、心膈气、痰逆，除烦，破除症结（孟诜）。补虚，去冷气，清除肠胃中的堵塞，改善食欲不振，使人面色红润（吴瑞）。落胎，并下鬼胎（《日华子本草》）。止河鱼之腹疾（梁简文帝《劝医文》）。
大麦曲
【气味】同前。
【主治】消食和中，下生胎，破血。取五升，用水一斗煮三沸，分五次服用，排出物如糜粥状，能使母亲身体肥盛（李时珍）。
面曲、米曲
【气味】同前。
【主治】消食积、酒积、糯米积，研成末用酒送服立即痊愈。其余功效同小麦曲（李时珍。出自《千金方》）。
【附方】旧方五个，新方四个。
米谷食积：炒曲末，用白开水调服二钱，每日三次服用。
三焦滞气：陈曲（炒）、莱菔子（炒）等分。每次用三钱，水煎，加入麝香少许。
小腹坚大如盘，胸满，食物不能消化：用曲末，汤送服方寸匕，每日三次。（《千金方》）。
水痢发作百次：六月六日的曲（炒黄）、马蔺子等分，研为末，米饮送服方寸匕。若无马蔺子，可用牛骨灰代替。（《普济方》）。
赤白痢下，水谷不消：用曲熬粟米粥，服方寸匕，每日四、五次。（《肘后备急方》）。
酒毒便血：曲一块，用湿纸包裹煨熟，研为末。空腹米饮送服二钱，神效。
伤寒食复：曲一饼，煮汁饮用，良好。（《类要方》）。
胎动不安，或上抢心，下血者：生曲饼研末，和水绞汁，服三升。（《肘后方》）。
狐刺尿疮：曲末和独头蒜，捣如麦粒大小，纳入疮孔中，虫出则愈。（《...
(Tang Bencao)
[Correction] Originally attached under the entry for "Wheat", now separated into its own entry.
[Names] Zi (pronounced Huan), Huangzi.
Li Shizhen said: This is made by women fermenting whole wheat until it turns yellow, hence these names.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong said: Nuqu (Female Qu), whole wheat is steamed into rice, mixed and fermented, waited upon until a yellow layer forms, then taken out and dried.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Promotes digestion and moves Qi downward, stops diarrhea and dysentery, induces abortion, breaks up cold blood stasis (Su Gong).
(Tang Bencao)
[Correction] Originally attached under the entry for "Wheat", now separated into its own entry.
[Names] Huangyi (Yellow Coat, Su Gong), Maihuang.
Li Shizhen said: This is made by mixing rice and wheat flour, fermenting them, and waiting for them to turn yellow through steaming and fermentation, hence these names.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong said: Huangzheng (Yellow Steamed Grain), wheat flour is ground, mixed with water to form cakes, wrapped in hemp leaves, waited upon until a yellow layer forms, then taken out and dried.
Zang Qi said: Huangzheng is not different from Zi. People in the north use wheat, people in the south use japonica rice; made in June and July, those with green dust on the surface are superior.
Li Shizhen said: Nuqu is made by fermenting steamed wheat rice, while Huangzheng is made by fermenting ground rice and wheat flour; they are slightly different.
[Nature]
[Indications] Same as Nuqu (Su Gong). Warming and tonifying, can digest various raw/hard foods (Zang Qi). Warms the middle, moves Qi downward, aids digestion and removes irritability (Ri Hua Zhen Cao). Treats food jaundice and yellow sweat (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Jaundice disease, or yellow sweat staining clothes, snot and saliva all yellow: Use two sheng of good Huangzheng, soak in two sheng of water every night until slightly warm, squeeze out half a sheng of juice in a copper vessel, drink at dawn. Extremely effective. (Bi Xiao Fang)
(Song Jiayou Bencao)
[Names] Jiumu (Mother of Wine).
Li Shizhen said: Qu is formed by wrapping and fermenting rice and wheat, hence the character contains components for "wheat", "rice", and the abbreviated form of "wrap", indicating meaning. Wine cannot be produced without Qu, hence called Mother of Wine. The Book of Documents says: "If you wish to make sweet wine, you must use Qu." This is correct. Liu Xi's Shiming says: Qu means decay/rotting,郁 (accumulated/stifled) causes it to grow mold and rot.
[Collection and Explanation] Zang Qi said: Qu made in June is good. For medicinal use, old Qu should be used, fried until fragrant before use.
Li Shizhen said: There are various types of Qu made from barley, flour, and rice, all necessary for brewing wine and vinegar, all capable of promoting digestion, with similar efficacy. Method for making Da/Mai Qu: Use barley grains or wheat with husks, wash clean with well water, dry in the sun. Grind on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, mix with wheat-washing water to form blocks, wrap in paper mulberry leaves, hang in a ventilated place, usable after seventy days. Method for making Mian Qu: During the Sanfu period, use five jin of white flour, five sheng of mung beans, boil until soft with Polygonum juice. Add five liang of spicy Polygonum powder, ten liang of almond paste, mix and press into cakes, wrap in paper mulberry leaves, hang in a ventilated place, harvest when yellow mold grows. Method for making Bai Qu: Use five jin of flour, one dou of glutinous rice flour, mix with water until slightly damp, sieve, press into cakes, wrap in paper mulberry leaves, hang in a ventilated place, ready in fifty days. Another method for Mi Qu: Use one dou of glutinous rice flour, mix with natural Polygonum juice to form round pills, wrap in paper mulberry leaves, hang in a ventilated place, dry and harvest after forty-nine days. These types of Qu can all be used medicinally. Those made locally with various herbs and poisons are toxic, only suitable for brewing wine, not for medicinal use.
Xiao Mai Qu (Wheat Qu)
[Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Zhenheng said: Bran Qu: Cool, enters the Large Intestine meridian.
[Indications] Digests grain and stops dysentery (Bie Lu). Calms Stomach Qi, digests food-induced hemorrhoids, treats pediatric food stagnation epilepsy (Su Gong). Regulates the middle, moves Qi downward, opens the appetite, treats wind-cold affecting internal organs (Zang Qi). Mainly treats cholera, chest/diaphragm Qi stagnation, phlegm reversal, removes irritability, breaks up masses (Meng Shen). Tonifies deficiency, dispels cold qi, clears blockage in intestines/stomach, improves appetite, enhances complexion (Wu Rui). Induces abortion, expels "ghost fetus" (Ri Hua). Stops abdominal pain caused by fish (Liang Jianwen Di "Quan Yi Wen").
Da Mai Qu (Barley Qu)
[Nature] Same as above.
[Indications] Aids digestion and harmonizes the middle, induces abortion of live fetus, breaks blood stasis. Take five sheng, boil in ten dou of water for three boils, divide into five doses. The expelled material will resemble porridge, causing the mother to become robust (Li Shizhen).
Mian Qu, Mi Qu (Flour Qu, Rice Qu)
[Nature] Same as above.
[Indications] Digests food stagnation, alcohol stagnation, glutinous rice stagnation. Grind into powder, take with wine for immediate cure. Other effects are the same as Wheat Qu (Li Shizhen. From Qian Jin Fang).
[Attached Formulas] Five old, four new.
Rice/Grain Food Stagnation: Fried Qu powder, mixed with plain hot water, 2 qian per dose, three times daily.
Sanjiao Qi Stagnation: Old Qu (fried), Radish seeds (fried) in equal parts. Use 3 qian each time, decoct in water, add Musk.
Lower abdomen hard and large like a plate, chest fullness, inability to digest food: Qu powder, taken with soup, one fang cun bi per dose, three times daily. (Qian Jin Fang).
Water Dysentery (frequent attacks): Qu from June 6th (fried yellow), Malinzi in equal parts, powder, taken with rice drink, one fang cun bi. If no Malinzi, use cow bone ash instead. (Pu Ji Fang).
Red and White Dysentery, undigested food/water in stool: Cook millet porridge with Qu, take one fang cun bi, four to five times daily. (Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang).
Alcohol toxicity causing bloody stool: One piece of Qu, wrapped in wet paper and baked, ground to powder. Take 2 qian with rice drink on an empty stomach. Divine effect.
Shanghan recurrence due to diet: One cake of Qu, decocted and drunk. Good. (Lei Yao Fang).
Unstable fetus, or Qi rushing upward to the heart, bleeding below: Raw Qu cake ground to powder, mixed with water, squeezed for juice, take three sheng. (Zhou Hou Fang).
Fox thorn urine sore: Qu powder mixed with single-clove garlic, pounded to wheat-grain size, inserted into the sore hole. When the worm comes out, it heals. (...