（《本经》上品）
【校正】今据《吴氏本草》，并入石下长卿。
【释名】鬼督邮（《本经》）、别仙踪（苏颂）。
时珍曰∶徐长卿，人名也，常以此药治邪病，人遂以名之。《名医别录》于有名未用复
出石下长卿条，云一名徐长卿。陶弘景注云∶此是误尔。方家无用，亦不复识。今考二条功
疗相似。按《吴普本草》云∶徐长卿一名石下长卿。其为一物甚明，但石间生者为良。前人
欠
气亦相似。今狗脊散用鬼督邮者，取其强悍宜腰脚，故知是徐长卿，而非鬼箭、赤箭。
【集解】《别录》曰∶徐长卿，生泰山山谷及陇西，三月采。又曰∶石下长卿生陇西山
谷池泽，三月采。恭曰∶所在川泽有之。叶似柳，两叶相当，有光泽。根如细辛，微粗长，
黄色而有臊气。今俗以代鬼督邮，非也。鬼督邮自有本条。保升曰∶生下湿川泽之间。苗似
小桑，两叶相对。三月苗青，七月、八月着子，似萝摩子而小。九月苗黄，十月凋。八月采
根，晒干。颂曰∶今淄、齐、淮、泗间皆有之，三月、四月采，谓之别仙踪。时珍曰∶鬼督
邮、及己之乱杜衡，其功不同，苗亦不同也。徐长卿之乱鬼督邮，其苗不同，其功同也。杜
衡之乱细辛，则根苗功用皆仿佛，乃弥近而大乱也。不可不审。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡采得粗杵，拌少蜜令遍，以瓷器盛，蒸三伏时，晒干用。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶石下长卿∶咸，平，有毒。普曰∶徐长卿一名石
下长卿。神农、雷公∶辛。时珍曰∶治鬼之药多有毒，当从《别录》。
【主治】鬼物百精蛊毒，疫疾邪恶气，温疟。久服强悍轻身（《本经》）。益气延年。又
曰∶石下长卿∶主鬼疰精物邪恶气，杀百精蛊毒，老魅注易，亡走啼哭，悲伤恍惚（《别录
【发明】时珍曰∶《抱朴子》言∶上古辟瘟疫有徐长卿散，良效。今人不知用此。
【附方】新二。
小便关格∶徐长卿汤∶治气壅关格不通，小便淋结，脐下妨闷。徐长卿（炙）半两，茅
根三分，木通、冬葵子一两，滑石二两，槟榔一分，瞿麦穗半两。每服五钱，水煎，入朴硝
一钱，温服，日二服。（《圣惠方》）注车注船∶凡人登车船烦闷，头痛欲吐者。宜用徐长卿、
石长生、车前子、车下李根皮各等分。捣碎，以方囊系半合于衣带及头上，则免此患。（《肘
后方》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【校正】现在依据《吴氏本草》，将“石下长卿”并入本条。
【释名】鬼督邮（出自《神农本草经》）、别仙踪（苏颂）。
李时珍说：徐长卿是一个人名，他经常用这种药治疗邪气引起的疾病，人们便以此命名它。《名医别录》在“有名未用”部分重复出现了“石下长卿”条目，说它的别名是徐长卿。陶弘景注释说：这是错误的。医家不使用它，也不再认识它。现在考证这两条的功效和治疗作用相似。查阅《吴普本草》说：徐长卿又名石下长卿。它们显然是同一种东西，只是生长在石缝间的品质更好。前人的气息也相似。现在狗脊散中使用鬼督邮的，是取其性质强悍，适宜于腰脚，所以知道这是徐长卿，而不是鬼箭羽或赤箭。
【集解】《名医别录》说：徐长卿，生长在泰山山谷及陇西地区，三月采集。又说：石下长卿生长在陇西山谷池泽，三月采集。甄权说：各地川泽都有生长。叶子像柳叶，两片叶子相对，有光泽。根像细辛，稍粗且长，黄色并有腥臊气味。现在民间用它来代替鬼督邮，这是不对的。鬼督邮自有其独立条目。保升说：生长在潮湿的川泽之间。幼苗像小桑树，两片叶子相对。三月苗为青色，七月、八月结子，像萝摩子但较小。九月苗变黄，十月凋谢。八月采集根部，晒干。苏颂说：现在淄州、齐州、淮河、泗水一带都有生长，三月、四月采集，称为别仙踪。李时珍说：鬼督邮混淆杜衡，它们的功效不同，幼苗也不同。徐长卿混淆鬼督邮，它们的幼苗不同，但功效相同。杜衡混淆细辛，则根和幼苗的功效都相似，这是越接近却造成大混乱。不能不仔细辨别。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是采得后捣粗，拌入少量蜂蜜使其均匀，用瓷器盛装，在三伏天蒸制，晒干后使用。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。《名医别录》说：石下长卿：咸，平，有毒。吴普说：徐长卿一名石下长卿。神农、雷公：辛。李时珍说：治疗鬼邪的药物大多有毒，应当遵从《名医别录》的说法。
【主治】鬼物百精蛊毒，疫疾邪恶气，温疟。长期服用可使身体强悍轻盈（《神农本草经》）。益气延年。又说：石下长卿：主治鬼疰精物邪恶气，杀灭百精蛊毒，老魅注易，亡走啼哭，悲伤恍惚（《名医别录》）。
【发明】李时珍说：《抱朴子》记载：上古时期辟除瘟疫有徐长卿散，效果很好。现在的人不知道使用它。
【附方】新收录二方。
小便关格：徐长卿汤：治疗气机壅塞导致关格不通，小便淋沥结聚，脐下妨碍闷痛。徐长卿（炙）半两，茅根三分，木通、冬葵子一两，滑石二两，槟榔一分，瞿麦穗半两。每次服用五钱，用水煎煮，加入朴硝一钱，温服，每日两次。（《圣惠方》）
注车注船：凡是人登上车船感到烦闷，头痛想吐的。适宜使用徐长卿、石长生、车前子、车下李根皮各等分。捣碎，用方形袋子装好系在半合处挂在衣带及头上，就可以避免这种祸患。（《肘后方》）
(Shangpin, High Grade, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] According to *Wu Shi Bencao*, "Shixia Changqing" is merged into this entry.
[Names] Guiduyou (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Bixianzong (Su Song).
Li Shizhen said: Xuchangqing is a person's name. He frequently used this herb to treat diseases caused by evil pathogens, and people named it after him. *Mingyi Bielu* repeats the entry for "Shixia Changqing" under the category of "Named but Unused," stating that its alias is Xuchangqing. Tao Hongjing annotated: This is an error. Physicians do not use it, nor do they recognize it anymore. Current research shows that the efficacy and therapeutic effects of these two entries are similar. Consulting *Wu Pu Bencao*, it states: Xuchangqing is also known as Shixia Changqing. It is very clear that they are the same substance, but those growing among stones are of superior quality. The characteristics of predecessors are also similar. In the current Gouji San, Guiduyou is used for its robust nature suitable for the waist and legs; thus, we know it is Xuchangqing, not Guijianyu or Chijian.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Xuchangqing grows in the valleys of Mount Tai and Longxi, harvested in the third lunar month. It also states: Shixia Changqing grows in the valleys and marshes of Longxi, harvested in the third lunar month. Zhen Quan said: It is found in rivers and marshes everywhere. The leaves resemble willow leaves, with two leaves opposite each other, possessing a glossy surface. The root resembles Xixin, slightly thicker and longer, yellowish in color with a fishy odor. Currently, folk usage substitutes it for Guiduyou, which is incorrect. Guiduyou has its own separate entry. Baosheng said: It grows between damp rivers and marshes. The seedlings resemble small mulberry trees, with two leaves opposite each other. In the third lunar month, the seedlings are green; in the seventh and eighth months, they bear fruit, resembling Luomuo seeds but smaller. In the ninth lunar month, the seedlings turn yellow, and in the tenth month, they wither. The roots are harvested in the eighth lunar month and sun-dried. Su Song said: It is now found in the regions of Zizhou, Qizhou, Huai River, and Si River, harvested in the third and fourth lunar months, called Bixianzong. Li Shizhen said: Guiduyou confuses with Ducheng; their efficacies differ, and their seedlings differ. Xuchangqing confuses with Guiduyou; their seedlings differ, but their efficacies are the same. Ducheng confuses with Xixin; both roots and seedlings have similar functions, which is a greater confusion despite being closer. One must be careful not to mistake them.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: Upon collection, crush coarsely, mix evenly with a small amount of honey, place in a porcelain vessel, steam during the Three Dog Days (Sanfu), then sun-dry for use.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shixia Changqing: Salty, Neutral, Toxic. Wu Pu said: Xuchangqing is also known as Shixia Changqing. Shennong, Lei Gong: Acrid. Li Shizhen said: Herbs treating ghostly evils are mostly toxic; one should follow the statement in *Mingyi Bielu*.
[Indications] Ghostly entities, hundred spirits, Gu poison, epidemic evil qi, warm malaria. Long-term consumption makes the body robust and light (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Benefits Qi and prolongs life. Also states: Shixia Changqing: Treats Gui Zhu spirit entities and evil qi, kills hundred spirits and Gu poison, old demons infesting and changing places, running away crying, sadness, and trance (*Mingyi Bielu*).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: *Baopuzi* mentions: In ancient times, there was Xuchangqing San for warding off plagues, which was highly effective. People today do not know to use it.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Xiao Bian Guan Ge (Obstruction of Urination): Xuchangqing Tang: Treats Qi stagnation causing obstruction and blockage, dysuria with accumulation, and discomfort/fullness below the umbilicus. Xuchangqing (roasted) 1.5 liang, Maogen 0.9 liang, Mutong and Dongkuizi 3 liang each, Huashi 6 liang, Binglang 0.3 liang, Qumai Sui 1.5 liang. Take 15 g per dose, decoct in water, add Poxiao 3 g, take warm, twice daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Zhu Che Zhu Chuan (Infestation of Carriages and Boats): For anyone who feels stifled and dizzy upon entering carriages or boats, with headache and nausea. It is appropriate to use equal parts of Xuchangqing, Shichangsheng, Cheqianzi, and Chexia Ligenpi. Crush them, place in a square pouch, hang half a sheng weight on the belt and head, to avoid this affliction. (*Zhouhou Fang*)