（《蜀本草》）
【释名】呷蛇龟（《日华》作夹蛇）、陵龟
恭曰∶鸯龟腹折，见蛇则呷而食之，故楚人呼呷蛇龟。江东呼陵龟，居丘陵也。
时珍曰∶既以呷蛇得名，则摄亦蛇音之转，而 亦鸯音之转也。
【集解】弘景曰∶鸯，小龟也，处处有之。狭小而长尾。用卜吉凶
保升曰∶摄龟腹小，中心横折，能自开阖，好食蛇也。
肉
【气味】甘、寒，有毒。
诜曰∶此物啖蛇，肉不可食，壳亦不堪用。
【主治】生研，涂扑损筋脉伤（士良）。生捣， 蛇伤，以其食蛇也（陶弘景）。
尾
【主治】佩之辟蛇。蛇咬，则刮末敷之，便愈（《抱朴子》）。
甲
【主治】人咬疮溃烂，烧灰敷之（时珍。出《摘玄》）。
（音奔。《纲目》）
【释名】三足龟（《尔雅》）。
【集解】时珍曰∶按∶《山海经》云∶狂水西南注伊芳水，中多三足龟。
以已肿。《唐书》云∶江州献六眼龟。《大明会典》云∶暹逻国献六足龟。《宋史》云∶赵霆
献两头
肉
【气味】
【主治】食之，辟时疾，消肿（《山海经》）。
（《本经》中品）
【释名】团鱼（俗名）、神守。（时珍曰∶鳖行蹩 ，故谓之鳖。《淮南子》曰∶鳖无耳
而
守神。神守之名以此。陆佃云∶鱼满三千六百，则蛟龙引之而飞，纳鳖守之则免。故鳖名神
守。）河伯从事（《古今注》）。
【集解】时珍曰∶鳖，甲虫也。水居陆生，穹脊连胁，与龟同类。四缘有肉裙，故曰龟，
甲里肉。鳖，肉里甲。无耳，以目为听。纯雌无雄，以蛇及鼋为匹。故《万毕术》云∶烧鼋
脂可以致鳖也。夏日孚乳，其抱以影。《埤雅》云∶卵生思抱。其状随日影而转。在水中，
上必有
云∶涸水之精
制也。又畏蚊。生鳖遇蚊叮则死，死鳖得蚊煮则烂，而熏蚊者复用鳖甲。物相报复如此，异
哉！《淮南子》曰∶膏之杀鳖，类之不可推也。
鳖甲
【修治】《别录》曰∶鳖甲生丹阳池泽。采无时。
颂曰∶今
弘景曰∶采得，生取甲，
不可用。
曰∶凡使，要绿色、九肋、多裙、重七两者为上。用六一泥固瓶子底
中，以物支起。若治症块定心药，用头醋入瓶内，大火煎，尽三升
用。若治劳去热药，不用醋，用童子小便煎，尽一斗二升，乃去裙留骨，石臼捣粉，以鸡
皮裹之，取
时珍曰∶按∶《卫生宝鉴》云∶凡
漆用，更佳。桑柴灰尤妙。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
之才曰∶恶矾石、理石。
【主治】心腹症瘕，坚积寒热，去痞疾息肉，阴蚀痔核恶肉（《本经》）。疗温疟，血瘕
腰痛，小儿胁下坚（《别录》）。宿食，症块 癖
塞，下气，妇人漏下五色，下瘀血（甄
扑
损瘀血（《日华》）。补阴补气（震亨）。除老疟疟母，阴毒腹痛，劳复食复，斑痘烦喘，小儿
惊痫。妇人经脉不通，难产，产后阴脱，丈夫阴疮石淋，敛溃痈（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶《经》中不言治劳，惟《药性论》言治劳瘦骨热，故虚劳多用之。然
甚有据，但不可过剂耳
时珍曰∶鳖甲乃厥阴肝经血分之药，肝主血也。试常思之，龟鳖之属，功各有所主。鳖
色青入肝，故所主者，疟劳寒热， 瘕惊痫，经水痈肿阴疮，皆厥阴血分之病也。玳
入心，故所主者，心风惊热，伤寒狂乱，痘毒肿毒，皆少阴血分之病也。秦龟色黄入脾，故
所主者，顽风湿痹，身重蛊毒，皆太阴血分之病也。水龟色黑入肾，故所主者，阴虚精弱，
腰脚
【附方】旧十二，新七。
老疟劳疟∶用鳖甲醋炙研末，酒服方寸匕。隔夜一服，清早一服，临时一服，无不断者。
入雄黄少许，更佳。（《肘后》）
奔豚气痛，上冲心腹∶鳖甲（醋炙）三两，京三棱（煨）二两，捣二味为末。桃仁（去
皮尖）
四两，汤浸研汁三升，煎二升，入末不住手搅，煎良久，下醋一升，煎如饧，以瓶收之。每
空心温酒服半匙。（《圣济录》）
血瘕症癖∶甄权曰∶用鳖甲、琥珀、大黄等分作散，酒服二钱，少时恶血即下。若妇人
小肠中血下尽，
癖症积∶甄权曰∶用鳖甲醋炙黄研末，牛乳一合，每调一匙，朝朝服之。
妇人漏下∶甄权曰∶鳖甲醋炙研末，清酒服方寸匕，日二。又用干姜、鳖甲、诃黎勒皮
等分为末，
妇人难产∶鳖甲烧存性，研末。酒服方寸匕，立出。（《梅师》）
劳复食复∶笃病初起，受劳伤食，致复欲死者。鳖甲烧研，水服方寸匕。（《肘后方》）
小儿痫疾∶用鳖甲炙研，乳服一钱，日二。亦可蜜丸服。（《子母录》）
卒得腰痛不可俯仰∶用鳖甲炙研末，酒服方寸匕，日二。（《肘后方》）
沙石淋痛∶用九肋鳖甲醋炙研末，酒服方寸匕，日三服。石出瘥。（《肘后方》）
阴虚梦泄∶九肋鳖甲烧研。每用一字，以酒半盏，童尿半盏，葱白七寸同煎。去葱，日
晡时服之，出臭汗为度。（《医垒元戎》）
吐血不止∶鳖甲、蛤粉各一两（同炒色黄），熟地黄一两半（晒干）。为末。每服二钱，
食
后茶下。（《圣济录》）
痘烦喘，小便不利者∶用鳖甲二两，灯心一把，水一升半，煎六合，分二服。凡患此
小便有血者，中坏也。黑厌无脓者，十
痈疽不敛∶不拘发背一切疮。用鳖甲烧存性，研
肠痈内痛∶鳖甲烧存性研，水服一钱，日三。（《传信方》）
阴头生疮，人不能治者∶鳖甲一枚烧研，鸡子白和敷。（《千金翼》）
沈唇紧裂∶用鳖甲及头，烧研敷之。（《类要》）
人咬指烂，久欲脱者∶鳖甲烧灰敷之。（叶氏《摘玄方》）
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
颂曰∶久食，性冷损人。
藏器曰∶《礼记》食鳖去丑，谓颈下有软骨如龟形者也。食之令人患水病。凡鳖之三足
者，赤足者，独目者，头足不缩者，其目四陷者，腹下有王字、卜字文者，腹有蛇文者（是
蛇化也），在山上者（名旱鳖）。并有毒杀人，不可食。
弘景曰∶不可合鸡子食，苋菜食。昔有人锉鳖，以赤苋同包置湿地，经旬皆成生鳖。又
有裹鳖甲屑，经五月皆成鳖者。
思邈曰∶不可合猪、兔、鸭肉食，损人。不可合芥子食，生
时珍曰∶案∶《三元参赞书》言∶鳖性冷，发水病。有冷劳气、症瘕人不宜食之。《生生
编》言∶鳖性热。戴原礼言∶鳖之阳聚于上甲，久食令人生发背。似与性冷
性本不热，食之者和以椒、姜热物太多，失其本性耳。鳖性畏葱及桑灰。凡食鳖者，宜取沙
河小鳖斩头去血，以桑灰汤煮熟，去骨甲换水再煮。入葱、酱作羹膳食乃良。其胆味辣，破
入汤中，可代椒而辟腥气。李九华云∶鳖肉主聚，鳖甲主散。食鳖，锉甲少许入之，庶几稍
平。又言∶薄荷煮鳖能害人。此皆人之所不知者也。
【主治】伤中益气，补不足（《别录》）。热气湿痹，腹中激热，五味煮食，当微
器）。
妇人漏下五色，羸瘦，宜常食之（孟诜）。妇人带下，血瘕腰痛（《日华》）。去
虚。久食，性冷（苏颂）。补阴（震亨）。
作 食，治久痢，长髭须。作丸服，治虚劳 癖香港脚（时珍）。
【附方】新三。
癖气块∶用大鳖一枚，以蚕砂一斗，桑柴灰一斗，淋汁五度，同煮如泥，去骨再煮成
膏，捣丸梧子大。每服十丸，日三。（《圣惠方》）
寒湿香港脚，
藤各半斤，煎至七升，去渣。以盆盛熏蒸，待温浸洗，神效。（《乾坤生意》）
骨蒸咳嗽潮热∶团鱼丸∶用团鱼一个，柴胡、前胡、贝母、知母、杏仁各五钱，同煮，
待熟去骨、甲、裙，再煮。食肉饮汁，将药焙研为末，仍以骨、甲、裙煮汁和，丸梧子大。
每空心黄 汤下三十丸，日二服。服尽，仍治参、 药调之。（《奇效方》）
脂
【主治】除日拔白发，取脂涂孔中，即不生。欲再生者，白犬乳汁涂之
头（阴干）
【主治】烧灰，疗小儿诸疾，妇人产后阴
（《日
华》）。
【附方】旧一，新二。
小儿尸疰劳瘦，或时寒热∶用鳖头一枚烧灰，新汲水服半钱，日一服。（《圣惠方》）
产后阴脱∶《千金》∶用鳖头五枚烧研，井华水服方寸匕，日三。《录验》
加葛根二两，酒服。
末涂肠头上。（《千金
头血
【主治】涂脱肛（出甄权）。风中血脉，口眼 僻
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶《千金方》云∶目 唇动口 ，皆风入血脉，急以小续命汤服之。
外用鳖血或鸡冠血，调伏龙肝散涂之，干则再上，甚妙。盖鳖血之性，急缩走血
脱肛之病。
【附方】新二。
中风口 ∶鳖血调乌头末涂之。待正，则即揭去。（《肘后方》）
小儿疳劳∶治潮热往来，五心烦躁，盗汗咳嗽，用鳖血丸主之。
以黄连、胡黄连各称二两（以鳖血一盏，吴茱萸一两，同入内浸过一夜，炒干，去茱、
血研末）。入柴胡、川芎、芜荑各一两，人参半两，使君子仁二十一个，为末，煮粟米粉糊
和，为丸如黍米大。每用熟水，量大小，日服三。（《全幼心鉴》）
卵
【主治】盐藏煨食，止小儿下痢（《时珍》）。
爪
【主治】五月五日收藏衣领中，令人不忘（《肘后》）。
（《蜀本草》）
【释名】呷蛇龟（《日华子本草》写作“夹蛇”）、陵龟。
李恭说：鸯龟腹部折断，见到蛇就吞食它，所以楚地人叫它呷蛇龟。江东地区叫它陵龟，因为它居住在丘陵地带。
李时珍说：既然因为吞食蛇而得名，那么“摄”也是“蛇”音的转音，而“ ”也是“鸯”音的转音。
【集解】陶弘景说：鸯，是小龟，到处都有。身体狭小且尾巴长。用来占卜吉凶。
寇宗奭说：摄龟腹部较小，中间横向折断，能自行开合，喜欢吃蛇。
肉
【气味】甘味，寒性，有毒。
孟诜说：这种动物吃蛇，其肉不可食用，龟壳也不堪使用。
【主治】新鲜研磨后，涂抹于跌打损伤导致的筋脉受伤处（士良）。新鲜捣烂，治疗蛇咬伤，因为它以蛇为食（陶弘景）。
尾
【主治】佩戴它可以辟除蛇害。被蛇咬伤，则刮取龟尾粉末敷在伤口上，即可痊愈（《抱朴子》）。
甲
【主治】被人咬伤导致溃烂的疮口，烧成灰后敷用（李时珍。出自《摘玄方》）。
（音奔。《纲目》）
【释名】三足龟（《尔雅》）。
【集解】李时珍说：据《山海经》记载：狂水向西南流入伊水，水中有很多三足龟。
（此处原文有脱漏或错简，似指某种病症或现象，原文仅存“以已肿”。《唐书》记载：江州进献六眼龟。《大明会典》记载：暹罗国进献六足龟。《宋史》记载：赵霆进献两头……）
肉
【气味】
【主治】食用它可以辟除时行疫病，消除肿胀（《山海经》）。
（《本经》中品）
【释名】团鱼（俗名）、神守。（李时珍说：鳖行走时蹩脚，所以叫鳖。《淮南子》说：鳖没有耳朵而守神。神守这个名字由此而来。陆佃说：鱼满三千六百条，蛟龙就会引它们飞走，放入鳖镇守就能避免灾难。所以鳖名叫神守。）河伯从事（《古今注》）。
【集解】李时珍说：鳖，是甲虫类。生活在水中也能在陆地生存，背部隆起连接肋骨，与龟同类。四肢边缘有肉裙，所以说“龟”是甲在外肉在内；“鳖”是肉在外甲在内。没有耳朵，用眼睛来听。纯雌性无雄性，以蛇和鼋为配偶。所以《万毕术》说：烧鼋的脂肪可以招引鳖来。夏天孵化繁殖，它们通过影子交配。《埤雅》说：卵生思抱。它们的形状随着日影转动。在水中，上面必有云气笼罩，说是涸水之精所制。又害怕蚊子。活鳖遇到蚊子叮咬就会死，死鳖被蚊子煮就会烂，而熏蚊子的人又复用鳖甲。事物相互报复如此，奇怪啊！《淮南子》说：膏能杀鳖，这是同类相克不可推究的道理。
鳖甲
【修治】《别录》说：鳖甲产于丹阳的池泽。采集没有时间限制。
苏颂说：现在……
陶弘景说：采得后，如果是生的取甲，不可用。
陈藏器说：凡是用鳖甲，要选绿色、九肋、多裙、重七两的为上品。用六一泥加固瓶子底部，将鳖甲支起。如果治疗症块定心药，用头醋放入瓶内，大火煎煮，收干三升醋的量。如果治疗劳热去热的药，不用醋，用童子小便煎煮，收干一斗二升尿量，然后去掉裙边保留骨甲，用石臼捣成粉，用鸡皮包裹，取……
李时珍说：按：《卫生宝鉴》说：凡是……漆用，更好。桑柴灰尤其妙。
【气味】咸味，平性，无毒。
徐之才说：畏忌矾石、理石。
【主治】心腹部的症瘕积聚，坚硬的积滞伴有寒热，去除痞疾息肉，阴部蚀疮、痔核及恶肉（《本经》）。治疗温疟，血瘕腰痛，小儿胁下坚硬（《别录》）。宿食，症块癖气堵塞，下气，妇人五色带下，排出瘀血（甄权）。跌打损伤导致的瘀血（《日华子本草》）。补阴补气（朱震亨）。去除老疟疾、疟母，阴毒腹痛，劳累复发、饮食复发，斑痘烦喘，小儿惊痫。妇人经脉不通，难产，产后子宫脱垂，丈夫阴疮石淋，收敛溃烂痈疽（李时珍）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：《本经》中没说治疗虚劳，只有《药性论》说治疗虚劳消瘦骨热，所以虚劳多用此药。然而很有依据，只是不可过量服用罢了。
李时珍说：鳖甲是厥阴肝经血分的药物，肝主血。试着常思考，龟鳖这类动物，功效各有所主。鳖色青入肝，所以它所主的病，如疟疾劳热寒热、瘕聚惊痫、经水不调、痈肿阴疮，都是厥阴血分的病。玳瑁入心，所以它所主的病，如心风惊热、伤寒狂乱、痘毒肿毒，都是少阴血分的病。秦龟色黄入脾，所以它所主的病，如顽风湿痹、身重蛊毒，都是太阴血分的病。水龟色黑入肾，所以它所主的病，如阴虚精弱、腰脚……
【附方】旧方十二首，新方七首。
老疟、劳疟：用鳖甲醋炙后研末，酒送服方寸匕。隔夜服一次，清早服一次，发病时服一次，无不治愈的。加入少许雄黄，更好。（《肘后备急方》）
奔豚气痛，气上冲心腹：鳖甲（醋炙）三两，京三棱（煨）二两，捣碎这两味药为末。桃仁（去皮尖）四两，用水浸泡研汁三升，煎至二升，不断搅拌加入药末，煎很久，加入醋一升，煎成糖浆状，用瓶子装好。每次空腹用温酒服半匙。（《圣济总录》）
血瘕、症癖：甄权说：用鳖甲、琥珀、大黄等分做成散剂，酒送服二钱，不久恶血即下行。若妇人小肠中血下尽……
癖症积：甄权说：用鳖甲醋炙黄后研末，牛乳一合，每次调服一匙，每天早晨服用。
妇人漏下：甄权说：鳖甲醋炙研末，清酒送服方寸匕，每日两次。又用干姜、鳖甲、诃黎勒皮等分为末……
妇人难产：鳖甲烧至存性，研末。酒送服方寸匕，立即产出。（《梅师集验方》）
劳复、食复：重病初愈，因劳累或饮食不当导致复发欲死者。鳖甲烧后研末，水送服方寸匕。（《肘后方》）
小儿痫疾：用鳖甲炙后研末，乳汁送服一钱，每日两次。也可以制成蜜丸服用。（《子母秘录》）
突然腰痛不能俯仰：用鳖甲炙后研末，酒送服方寸匕，每日两次。（《肘后方》）
沙石淋痛：用九肋鳖甲醋炙研末，酒送服方寸匕，每日三次。石头排出即愈。（《肘后方》）
阴虚梦遗：九肋鳖甲烧后研末。每次用一字量，以酒半盏、童尿半盏、葱白七寸同煎。去掉葱，傍晚时分服用，以出臭汗为度。（《医垒元戎》）
吐血不止：鳖甲、蛤粉各一两（同炒至色黄），熟地黄一两半（晒干）。研为末。每次服二钱，饭后茶送下。（《圣济总录》）
痘疹烦喘，小便不利者：用鳖甲二两，灯心一把，水一升半，煎至六合，分两次服用。凡患此病小便有血的，病情恶化。黑陷无脓的，十……
痈疽不敛：不拘发背一切疮疡。用鳖甲烧至存性，研……
肠痈内痛：鳖甲烧至存性研末，水送服一钱，每日三次。（《传信方》）
阴头生疮，人不能治者：鳖甲一枚烧后研末，鸡蛋清调和敷用。（《千金翼方》）
唇紧裂：用鳖甲及头部，烧后研末敷用。（《类要》）
人咬指烂，久欲脱落者：鳖甲烧灰敷用。（叶氏《摘玄方》）
肉
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。
苏颂说：久食，性冷损人。
陈藏器说：《礼记》食鳖去丑，是指颈下有软骨如龟形的部分。吃了让人患水肿病。凡鳖有三足的，赤足的，独目的，头足不缩的，眼睛四陷的，腹下有王字、卜字纹的，腹有蛇纹的（这是蛇变的），在山上生活的（名叫旱鳖）。都有毒杀人，不可食用。
陶弘景说：不可与鸡蛋同食，不可与苋菜同食。过去有人切鳖，用赤苋菜包在一起放在湿地，经过十天都变成活鳖。又有裹着鳖甲屑，经过五个月都变成鳖的。
孙思邈说：不可与猪、兔、鸭肉同食，损人。不可与芥子同食，生……
李时珍说：案：《三元参赞书》说：鳖性冷，引发水肿病。有冷劳气、症瘕的人不宜食用。《生生编》说：鳖性热。戴原礼说：鳖的阳气聚集在上甲，久食让人生发背疮。似乎与性冷……本性不热，食用时配合花椒、生姜等热物太多，失去了本性罢了。鳖性畏葱及桑灰。凡吃鳖的人，宜取沙河小鳖斩头去血，用桑灰汤煮熟，去掉骨甲换水再煮。加入葱、酱做成羹膳食才好。它的胆味辣，破开投入汤中，可代替花椒辟腥气。李九华说：鳖肉主聚，鳖甲主散。吃鳖时，锉少许甲入之，稍微平衡些。又说：薄荷煮鳖能害人。这些都是人们不知道的。
【主治】伤中益气，补不足（《别录》）。热气湿痹，腹中激热，五味煮食，当微……（陈藏器）。
妇人漏下五色，羸瘦，宜常食之（孟诜）。妇人带下，血瘕腰痛（《日华子本草》）。去……虚。久食，性冷（苏颂）。补阴（朱震亨）。
作粥食，治久痢，长髭须。作丸服，治虚劳癖气、香港脚（李时珍）。
【附方】新方三首。
癖气块：用大鳖一枚，用蚕砂一斗，桑柴灰一斗，淋汁五次，同煮如泥，去骨再煮成膏，捣丸梧子大。每次服十丸，每日三次。（《圣惠方》）
寒湿香港脚，藤各半斤，煎至七升，去渣。用盆盛放熏蒸，待温浸洗，神效。（《乾坤生意》）
骨蒸咳嗽潮热：团鱼丸：用团鱼一个，柴胡、前胡、贝母、知母、杏仁各五钱，同煮，待熟去骨、甲、裙，再煮。吃肉喝汁，将药焙干研为末，仍以骨、甲、裙煮汁调和，丸梧子大。每次空腹黄酒送下三十丸，每日两次。服完，仍用参、芪药调理。（《奇效方》）
脂
【主治】除去日渐增多的白发，取脂涂在孔中，即不再生长。想要再生者，用白犬乳汁涂之。
头（阴干）
【主治】烧成灰，治疗小儿各种疾病，妇人产后阴……（《日华子本草》）。
【附方】旧方一首，新方二首。
小儿尸疰劳瘦，或有时寒热：用鳖头一枚烧灰，新汲水送服半钱，每日一次。（《圣惠方》）
产后阴脱：《千金方》：用鳖头五枚烧后研末，井华水送服方寸匕，每日三次。《录验方》加葛根二两，酒送服。末涂肠头上。（《千金方》）
【发明】李时珍说：按：《千金方》说：目瞤唇动口僻，都是风入血脉，急用小续命汤服用。外用鳖血或鸡冠血，调伏龙肝散涂之，干了再上，甚妙。盖鳖血的性质，急缩走血……脱肛的病。
【附方】新方二首。
中风口歪：鳖血调乌头末涂之。待正，则即揭去。（《肘后方》）
小儿疳劳：治潮热往来，五心烦躁，盗汗咳嗽，用鳖血丸主之。
以黄连、胡黄连各称二两（用鳖血一盏，吴茱萸一两，同入内浸过一夜，炒干，去茱萸、血研末）。入柴胡、川芎、芜荑各一两，人参半两，使君子仁二十一个，为末，煮粟米粉糊和，为丸如黍米大。每次用熟水，量大小，每日服三次。（《全幼心鉴》）
卵
【主治】盐藏煨食，止小儿下痢（李时珍）。
爪
【主治】五月五日收藏衣领中，令人不忘（《肘后备急方》）。
(Shu Bencao)
[Names] Xiashé Gui (Snake-swallowing Turtle, written as "Jiashé" in Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao), Ling Gui.
Li Gong said: The Yang turtle's abdomen is broken; when it sees a snake, it swallows and eats it, hence the Chu people call it Xiashé Gui. The Jiangdong region calls it Ling Gui because it dwells in hilly areas.
Li Shizhen said: Since it is named after swallowing snakes, then "She" is also a phonetic shift of "She" (snake), and " " is also a phonetic shift of "Yang".
[Collection and Explanation] Tao Hongjing said: Yang refers to small turtles, found everywhere. They are narrow and long-tailed. Used for divination of good or bad fortune.
Kou Zongshi said: She Gui has a small abdomen, a transverse break in the center, can open and close itself, and likes to eat snakes.
Meat
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Cold, Toxic.
Meng Shen said: This creature eats snakes; its meat is inedible, and its shell is not suitable for use.
[Therapeutic Actions] Freshly ground and applied externally to treat tendon and vessel injuries from falls and blows (Shi Liang). Freshly mashed and applied to treat snake bites, because it feeds on snakes (Tao Hongjing).
Tail
[Therapeutic Actions] Wearing it repels snakes. For snakebites, scrape the powder from the tail and apply it topically, leading to recovery (Baopuzi).
Shell
[Therapeutic Actions] For human bite wounds that have ulcerated and rotted, burn to ash and apply topically (Li Shizhen. From Zhai Xuan Fang).
(Pronounced Ben. Gangmu)
[Names] Sanzu Gui (Three-legged Turtle, Erya).
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: According to Shan Hai Jing: Kuang River flows southwest into Yi River, where there are many three-legged turtles.
(Text fragment missing: "Yi yi zhong"). Tang Shu records: Jiangzhou presented six-eyed turtles. Da Ming Hui Dian records: Siam presented six-footed turtles. Song Shi records: Zhao Ting presented two-headed...
Meat
[Flavor and Nature]
[Therapeutic Actions] Eating it repels epidemic diseases and reduces swelling (Shan Hai Jing).
(Ben Jing, Middle Grade)
[Names] Tuan Yu (Common Name), Shenshou (Divine Guardian). (Li Shizhen said: Because the softshell turtle walks with a stumbling gait, it is called Bie. Huainanzi says: The turtle has no ears but guards the spirit. Hence the name Shenshou. Lu Tian said: When fish reach 3,600, dragons lead them to fly; placing a turtle to guard prevents disaster. Thus the turtle is named Shenshou.) Hebo Congshi (River God's Attendant, Gujin Zhu).
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Bie is a type of carapace-bearing insect/animal. It lives in water and on land, with a convex back connected to ribs, similar to turtles. It has fleshy skirts around the four edges, hence the saying: "Gui" means shell outside, meat inside; "Bie" means meat outside, shell inside. It has no ears and hears with its eyes. It is purely female without males, pairing with snakes and large softshell turtles. Thus Wan Bi Shu says: Burning the fat of Yuan can attract Bie. They reproduce in summer through shadow mating. Pi Ya says: Eggs hatch thinking of embracing. Their shape turns with the sun's shadow. In water, clouds must be above, said to be the essence of dried water. It fears mosquitoes. A live Bie dies if bitten by a mosquito; a dead Bie rots if boiled with mosquitoes; yet those who fumigate mosquitoes reuse Bie shells. Such mutual retaliation is strange! Huainanzi says: Fat kills Bie; this is inherent incompatibility that cannot be deduced.
Bie Jia (Softshell Turtle Shell)
[Processing] Bie Lu says: Bie Jia grows in the ponds and marshes of Danyang. Collection time is unrestricted.
Su Song says: Currently...
Tao Hongjing says: Upon collection, fresh raw shells are unusable.
Chen Cangqi says: For use, select green, nine-ribbed, skirt-rich, weighing seven liang as superior grade. Fix the bottom of a bottle with Liu Yi Ni (Six-One Mud), prop up the shell. If treating mass-fixation heart-calming medicines, add first-run vinegar to the bottle, boil over high fire until three sheng of vinegar remains. If treating consumptive heat-clearing medicines, do not use vinegar; use child's urine, boil until one dou two sheng of urine remains, then remove the skirt and keep the bone, pound into powder in a stone mortar, wrap in chicken skin, take...
Li Shizhen said: According to Weisheng Baojian: Generally... using lacquer is better. Mulberry wood ash is especially excellent.
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai said: Adversely affected by Mingfan (Alum Stone) and Lishi (Calcite).
[Therapeutic Actions] Epigastric and abdominal masses (Zhijia), hard accumulations with alternating cold and fever, removing痞疾 (痞疾 - stagnation diseases) and polyps, genital erosion, hemorrhoids, and foul flesh (Ben Jing). Treats warm malaria, blood masses, lower back pain, hardness under the hypochondrium in children (Bie Lu). Retained food, mass formations, obstruction, promotes Qi descent, leukorrhea of five colors in women, expels stasis (Zhen Quan). Traumatic blood stasis (Ri Hua). Tonifies Yin and Qi (Zhenheng). Removes chronic malaria, malarial spleen enlargement (Nuomu), Yin toxicity abdominal pain, relapse due to fatigue or diet, irritability and panting from pox, pediatric convulsions. Menstrual obstruction, difficult labor, postpartum uterine prolapse, male genital ulcers and strangury, consolidates ulcerating carbuncles (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshe said: Ben Jing does not mention treating consumption; only Yaoxing Lun mentions treating consumption emaciation and bone heat, so it is often used for deficiency consumption. However, it is well-founded, just do not overdose.
Li Shizhen said: Bie Jia is a medicine entering the Blood aspect of the Jueyin Liver Meridian, as the Liver governs Blood. Consider this: Turtles and Softshell Turtles each have specific therapeutic focuses. Bie is green and enters the Liver, thus governing malaria, consumptive fevers, masses, convulsions, menstrual disorders, carbuncles, and genital ulcers—all Jueyin Blood aspect diseases. Dai Mao enters the Heart, thus governing wind-heat palpitations, mania from cold damage, pox toxins, and swelling—all Shaoyin Blood aspect diseases. Qin Gui is yellow and enters the Spleen, thus governing stubborn wind-damp bi syndrome, heavy body, and gu poison—all Taiyin Blood aspect diseases. Water Turtle is black and enters the Kidney, thus governing Yin deficiency, essence weakness, lower back and leg...
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old, seven new.
Chronic Malaria / Consumptive Malaria: Use Bie Jia roasted with vinegar and powdered, taken with wine in a fangcun bi dose. Take once the night before, once early morning, once at onset; all are cured. Adding a little Xionghuang is better (Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang).
Ben Tun Qi Pain, Qi rushing to chest and abdomen: Bie Jia (vinegar-roasted) 3 liang, Jing Sanleng (roasted) 2 liang, pounded to powder. Taoren (skin and tip removed) 4 liang, soaked in water, pounded for juice (3 sheng), decocted to 2 sheng. Add powder while stirring constantly, decoct for a long time, add 1 sheng vinegar, decoct to syrup consistency, store in a bottle. Take half a spoonful with warm wine on an empty stomach (Sheng Ji Zong Lu).
Blood Masses / Mass Formations: Zhen Quan said: Use equal parts Bie Jia, Hupo, and Dahuang made into powder, taken with wine, 2 qian. Stasis will pass shortly. If blood in the small intestine of women is fully expelled...
Mass Accumulation: Zhen Quan said: Use Bie Jia vinegar-roasted yellow and powdered, mixed with 1 he of cow milk, take one spoonful every morning.
Women's Leukorrhea: Zhen Quan said: Bie Jia vinegar-roasted and powdered, taken with clear wine, fangcun bi dose, twice daily. Also use Ganjiang, Bie Jia, Helilepi in equal parts, powdered...
Difficult Labor: Bie Jia burned to retain nature, powdered. Taken with wine, fangcun bi dose, delivers immediately (Mei Shi).
Relapse due to Fatigue or Diet: After severe illness begins, suffering from fatigue/diet injury causing relapse near death. Bie Jia burned and powdered, taken with water, fangcun bi dose (Zhou Hou Fang).
Pediatric Epilepsy: Roast and powder Bie Jia, taken with milk, 1 qian, twice daily. Can also be made into honey pills (Zimu Mi Lu).
Sudden Lower Back Pain Unable to Bend or Straighten: Roast and powder Bie Jia, taken with wine, fangcun bi dose, twice daily (Zhou Hou Fang).
Sand-Stone Strangury Pain: Nine-rib Bie Jia vinegar-roasted and powdered, taken with wine, fangcun bi dose, three times daily. Cured when stones pass (Zhou Hou Fang).
Yin Deficiency Nocturnal Emission: Nine-rib Bie Jia burned and powdered. Use one zi amount, decoct with half cup wine, half cup child's urine, and seven cun scallion white. Remove scallion, take at dusk. Cured when foul sweat appears (Yi Lei Yuan Rong).
Unremitting Hematemesis: Bie Jia, Gafen each 1 liang (stir-fried together until yellow), Shudihuang 1.5 liang (sun-dried). Powdered. Take 2 qian after meals with tea (Sheng Ji Zong Lu).
Pox Irritability and Panting with Dysuria: Use Bie Jia 2 liang, Dengxin 1 bundle, water 1.5 sheng, decoct to 6 he, divide into two doses. Those with hematuria in this condition are deteriorating. Black lesions without pus, ten...
Carbuncles and Ulcers Not Healing: Regardless of back carbuncles or any sores. Burn Bie Jia to retain nature, powder...
Intestinal Abscess Internal Pain: Bie Jia burned to retain nature, powdered, taken with water, 1 qian, three times daily (Chuan Xin Fang).
Ulcers on Glans Penis Untreatable by Others: One Bie Jia burned and powdered, mixed with egg white for topical application (Qian Jin Yi Fang).
Lip Tightness and Fissures: Burn Bie Jia and head to powder, apply (Lei Yao).
Human Bite Finger Rotting, Long-term Desiccation: Bie Jia burned to ash, apply (Ye Shi Zhai Xuan Fang).
Meat
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Su Song said: Long-term consumption causes cold damage to the body.
Chen Cangqi said: Liji says "remove ugliness when eating Bie," referring to the cartilage under the neck shaped like a turtle. Eating it causes edema. Any Bie with three legs, red feet, single eye, non-retractable head/feet, sunken eyes, characters 'Wang' or 'Bu' on belly, snake patterns on belly (snake transformation), or living on mountains (named Han Bie) are toxic and kill humans; do not eat.
Tao Hongjing said: Do not eat with eggs or Amaranth. Once someone chopped Bie, wrapped it with red amaranth, placed it in a damp place, and after ten days it became a live Bie. Another case: Bie shell fragments wrapped, after five months became a Bie.
Sun Simiao said: Do not eat with pork, rabbit, or duck meat; damages the body. Do not eat with mustard seeds; raw...
Li Shizhen said: Case: Sanyuan Canzan Shu states: Bie is cold-natured, induces edema. Those with cold consumption qi or masses should not eat it. Shengsheng Bian states: Bie is hot-natured. Dai Yuanli states: Bie's Yang gathers in the upper shell; long-term consumption causes back carbuncles. This seems contrary to cold nature... The nature is not originally hot; eating it with too much pepper, ginger, and other hot foods loses its true nature. Bie fears scallion and mulberry ash. When eating Bie, take small Shahe river Bie, decapitate and drain blood, cook thoroughly in mulberry ash water, remove bones/shell, change water and boil again. Add scallion and soy sauce to make soup/dish, which is good. Its gall is spicy; break it into soup to replace pepper and remove fishy smell. Li Jiuhua said: Bie meat gathers, Bie Jia disperses. When eating Bie, add a little crushed shell to balance. Also says: Mint boiled with Bie harms humans. These are unknown to people.
[Therapeutic Actions] Nourishes the middle, benefits Qi, supplements insufficiency (Bie Lu). Heat-type damp-bi, intense heat in abdomen, cooked with five flavors, slightly... (Chen Cangqi).
Women's leukorrhea of five colors, emaciation, suitable for regular consumption (Meng Shen). Women's vaginal discharge, blood masses, lower back pain (Ri Hua). Remove... deficiency. Long-term consumption makes it cold (Su Song). Tonifies Yin (Zhenheng).
Make porridge to treat chronic dysentery, promote growth of beard/mustache. Make pills to treat consumption masses and gout (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new.
Mass Formation: Use one large Bie, Douce Sand (silkworm excrement) 1 dou, Mulberry Ash 1 dou, leach juice five times, cook together until mud-like, remove bones, cook again into paste, pound into pills size of wutong seeds. Take 10 pills, three times daily (Sheng Hui Fang).
Cold-Damp Gout, Vinegar... Half jin each, decoct to 7 sheng, strain. Steam in basin, soak when warm, miraculous effect (Qiankun Shengyi).
Bone-steaming Cough with Tidal Fever: Tuan Yu Wan: Use one Tuan Yu, Chaihu, Qianhu, Beimu, Zhimu, Xingren each 5 qian, cook together. When cooked, remove bones, shell, skirt, cook again. Eat meat and drink broth. Dry remaining herbs, powder, mix with broth from bones/shell/skirt, pill size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills with yellow wine on empty stomach, twice daily. After finishing, regulate with Ginseng and Astragalus medicines (Qi Xiao Fang).
Fat
[Therapeutic Actions] Removes daily growing white hair; apply fat into follicle, hair will not grow. To regrow, apply white dog milk.
Head (Air-dried)
[Therapeutic Actions] Burned to ash, treats various pediatric diseases, postpartum female genital... (Ri Hua).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, two new.
Pediatric Corpse Transmission Consumption Emaciation, intermittent cold/fever: One Bie head burned to ash, taken with fresh drawn water, half qian, once daily (Sheng Hui Fang).
Postpartum Uterine Prolapse: Qian Jin: Five Bie heads burned and powdered, taken with well-water, fangcun bi dose, three times daily. Lu Yan adds Genki 2 liang, taken with wine. Powder applied to rectal head (Qian Jin).
Head Blood
[Therapeutic Actions] Apply to rectal prolapse (from Zhen Quan). Wind invading vessels, facial paralysis.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: According to Qian Jin Fang: Eye twitching, lip movement, mouth deviation, all caused by wind invading vessels, urgently treat with Xiao Xuming Tang orally. Externally, use Bie blood or cockcomb blood, mixed with Fulonggan powder for application. Reapply when dry, very effective. Bie blood's nature contracts quickly and moves blood... Rectal prol disease.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new.
Wind-stroke Mouth Deviation: Mix Bie blood with Aconite powder, apply. Remove once corrected (Zhou Hou Fang).
Pediatric Gan Consumption: Treats tidal fever, restlessness in five centers, night sweats, cough. Main treatment is Bie Blood Pills.
Huanglian, Huyuelian each 2 liang (soak overnight in 1 cup Bie blood, 1 liang Wuzhuyu, stir-fry dry, remove Wuzhuyu, powder with blood). Add Chaihu, Chuanxiong, Wuyi each 1 liang, Renshen 0.5 liang, Shijunzi kernels 21, powder. Paste with millet flour, pill size of millet seeds. Take appropriate dose with warm water, three times daily (Quanyou Xin Jian).
Egg
[Therapeutic Actions] Salt-preserved and baked/roasted, stops pediatric dysentery (Li Shizhen).
Claw
[Therapeutic Actions] Collect on the fifth day of the fifth month, store in collar, prevents forgetfulness (Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang).