（《拾遗》）
【释名】杜宇（《禽经》）、子 （音携）、子规（亦作秭归）、 （音弟桂。亦作
）、催归（亦作思归）、怨鸟、周燕（《说文》）、阳雀。
时珍曰∶蜀人见鹃而思杜宇，故呼杜鹃。说者遂谓杜宇化鹃，讹矣。鹃与子 、子规、
、催归诸名，皆因其声似，各随方音呼之而已。其鸣若曰“不如归去”。谚云“阳雀
叫， 央”是矣。《禽经》云∶江左曰子规，蜀右曰杜宇，瓯越曰怨鸟。服虔注《汉书》
，以 为伯劳，误矣，名同物异也。伯劳一名 ，音决，不音桂。
【集解】藏器曰∶杜鹃小如鹞，鸣呼不已。《蜀王本纪》云∶杜宇为望帝，淫其臣鳖灵
妻，乃禅位亡去。时子规鸟鸣，故蜀人见鹃鸣而悲望帝。《荆楚岁时记》云∶杜鹃初鸣，先
闻者主别离，学其声令人吐血，登厕闻之不祥。厌法，但作狗声应之。《异苑》云∶有人山
行，见一群，聊学之，呕血便殒。人言此鸟啼至血出乃止，故有呕血之事。
时珍曰∶杜鹃出蜀中，今南方亦有之。状如雀、鹞而色惨黑，赤口有小冠。春暮即鸣，
夜啼达旦，鸣必向北，至夏尤甚，昼夜不止，其声哀切。田家候之，以兴农事。惟食虫蠹，
不能为巢，居他巢生子。冬月则藏蛰。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】疮 有虫，薄切炙热贴之，虫尽乃已（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶《吕氏春秋》云∶肉之美者 燕之翠。则昔人亦尝食之矣。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】杜宇（出自《禽经》）、子规（音xié）、子规（也写作秭归）、鹆（音dì guì，也写作其他字形）、催归（也写作思归）、怨鸟、周燕（出自《说文解字》）、阳雀。
李时珍说：蜀地的人看见杜鹃鸟就思念杜宇帝，所以称它为杜鹃。传说者于是说杜宇化作了杜鹃，这是错误的。杜鹃与子规、子规、鹆、催归等名称，都是因为它的叫声相似，各地根据方言口音来称呼它罢了。它的鸣叫声好像在说“不如归去”。谚语说“阳雀叫，忙农事”就是这个意思。《禽经》说：江东地区叫它子规，蜀地右边叫它杜宇，瓯越地区叫它怨鸟。服虔注释《汉书》时，把这种鸟当作伯劳，这是错误的，因为名称相同但物种不同。伯劳又名鸱，音jué，不读guì。
【集解】藏器说：杜鹃鸟小得像鹞鹰，不停地鸣叫。《蜀王本纪》记载：杜宇是望帝，他奸淫了他的大臣鳖灵的妻子，于是禅让帝位后逃亡离去。当时子规鸟在鸣叫，所以蜀地的人看到杜鹃鸣叫就悲伤地怀念望帝。《荆楚岁时记》记载：杜鹃刚开始鸣叫时，第一个听到的人预示将有离别之事，模仿它的声音会使人吐血，上厕所时听到它被认为是不吉利的。辟邪的方法，只要发出狗叫声来回应它即可。《异苑》记载：有人在山中行走，看到一群杜鹃，试着模仿它们的叫声，结果呕血而死。人们说这种鸟啼叫直到流出血才停止，所以有呕血致死的事情发生。
李时珍说：杜鹃产于蜀中，现在南方也有。形状像麻雀、鹞鹰但颜色惨黑，嘴巴红色且有小冠。春末开始鸣叫，夜间啼叫直到天亮，鸣叫时一定朝向北方，到了夏天尤其厉害，昼夜不停，声音哀切。农家观察它来安排农事。只吃虫蛀，不能自己筑巢，居住在别的鸟巢里生子。冬天则蛰伏隐藏。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】疮疡中有寄生虫，将肉薄切后烤热贴敷患处，虫子排尽为止（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：按《吕氏春秋》记载：美味的肉类中有来自燕国的翠鸟肉。那么古人也曾食用过它了。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
**[Names]** Duyu (from *Qin Jing* / Classic of Birds), Zigui (pronounced xié), Zigui (also written as Zigui), Yu (pronounced dì guì, also written in other forms), Cuigui (also written as Sigui), Yuan Niao (Bird of Resentment), Zhou Yan (from *Shuowen Jiezi*), Yang Que.
Li Shizhen said: The people of Shu see the cuckoo and think of Emperor Duyu, hence they call it Du Juan (Cuckoo). Theories that Duyu transformed into a cuckoo are erroneous. The names Du Juan, Zigui, Yu, Cuigui, etc., are all derived from the similarity of their calls, with each region naming them according to local dialects. Their cry sounds like "Better return home." As the proverb says, "When the Yang Que cries, [farmers] busy themselves," which is accurate. *Qin Jing* states: In Jiangzuo, it is called Zigui; in western Shu, it is called Duyu; in Ouyue, it is called Yuan Niao. Fu Qian's annotation of *Han Shu* mistakenly identified it as the Shrike (Bola), which is incorrect because the name is the same but the species differs. The Shrike is also known as Chi, pronounced jué, not guì.
**[Collected Explanations]** Zang Qi said: The cuckoo is small like a kestrel and cries incessantly. *Shu Wang Ben Ji* records: Duyu was Emperor Wangdi; he committed adultery with the wife of his minister Bailing, and thus abdicated the throne and fled. At that time, the Zigui bird was crying, so the people of Shu felt sorrow for Emperor Wangdi upon seeing/hearing the cuckoo. *Jingchu Suishi Ji* records: When the cuckoo first begins to cry, the first person to hear it portends separation; imitating its sound causes one to vomit blood; hearing it in the toilet is considered inauspicious. To ward off evil, one should only respond by making dog sounds. *Yi Yuan* records: A person walking in the mountains saw a flock of cuckoos, tried to imitate them, and died after vomiting blood. People say this bird cries until blood comes out before stopping, hence the incident of vomiting blood.
Li Shizhen said: The cuckoo originates from Shu, and is now also found in the south. It resembles a sparrow or kestrel but has a dull black color, a red beak, and a small crest. It begins crying in late spring, crying through the night until dawn, always facing north when calling. Its cries are especially intense in summer, day and night without ceasing, and the sound is mournful. Farmers observe it to initiate agricultural activities. It eats only insect larvae, does not build its own nest, but lays eggs in the nests of other birds. In winter, it hibernates.
Meat
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** For ulcers containing parasites: Slice the meat thinly, heat it, and apply it to the affected area. Continue until all parasites are expelled (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen said: According to *Lüshi Chunqiu*: Among delicious meats is the Cui bird meat from Yan. Thus, ancients also consumed it.