（《本经》下品）
【集解】《别录》曰∶栾华生汉中川谷。五月采。
恭曰∶此树叶似木槿而薄细。花黄似槐而稍长大。子壳似酸浆，其中有实如熟豌豆，圆
黑坚硬，堪为数珠者，是也。五月、六月花可收，南人以染黄甚鲜明，又以疗目赤烂。
今南方及汴中园圃间，或有之。
珠，未见入药。
华
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
之才曰∶决明为之使。
【主治】目痛泪出伤 ，消目肿（《本经》）。合黄
（《唐本草》）
【释名】没石子（《开宝》）、墨石子（《炮炙
曰∶波斯人，每食以代果，故番胡呼为没食子。梵书无与没同音。今人呼为墨石、没
石，转传讹矣。
【集解】恭曰∶无食子生西戎沙碛间。树似柽。
禹锡曰∶按∶段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶无食子出波斯国，呼为摩泽树。高六、七丈，围
八、九尺。叶似桃叶而长。三月开花白色，心微红。子圆如弹丸，初青，熟乃黄白。虫蚀成
孔者入药用。其树一年生无食子。一年生拔屡子，大如指，长三寸，上有壳，中仁如栗黄可
啖。
年则生麻荼泽，即没石子也。间岁互生，一根异产如此。《一统志》云∶没石子出大食诸地。
树如
子
【修治】 曰∶凡使，勿犯铜铁，并被火惊。用颗小、无 米者妙。用浆水于砂盆中研
令尽，焙干再研，如乌犀色入药。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】赤白痢，肠滑，生肌肉（《唐本》）。肠虚冷痢，益血生精，和气安神，乌髭发，
治阴毒痿，烧灰用（李 ）。
温中，治阴疮阴汗，小儿疳 ，冷滑不禁（马志）。
【发明】宗 曰∶没石子，合他药染须，造墨家亦用之。
曰∶张仲景用治阴汗，烧灰，先以汤浴了，布裹灰扑之，甚良。
【附方】旧三，新五。
血痢不止∶没石子一两为末，饮丸小豆大。每食前米饮下五十丸。（《普济方》）。
小儿久痢∶没石子二个，熬黄研末，作馄饨食之。（《宫气方》）。
产后下痢∶没石子一个，烧存性，研末。冷即酒服，热即用饮下，日二。（《子母秘录》）。
牙齿疼痛∶绵裹无食子末一钱咬之，涎出吐去。（《圣济总录》）。
鼻面酒 ∶南方没石子有孔者，水磨成膏。夜夜涂之，甚妙。（危氏《得效方》）。
口鼻急疳∶没石子末，吹下部，即瘥。（《千金方》）。
大小口疮∶没石子（炮）三分，甘草一分。研末掺之。月内小儿生者，少许置乳上吮之，
入口即啼，不过三次。（《圣
足趾肉刺∶无食子三枚，肥皂荚一挺。烧存性，为末。醋和敷之，立效。（《奇效方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【集解】《名医别录》记载：栾华生长于汉中的山谷之中。五月采集。
苏恭说：这种树的叶子像木槿但更薄细。花朵黄色像槐花但稍大且长。果实外壳像酸浆，里面有种子像煮熟的豌豆，圆黑坚硬，可以用来做念珠的，就是它了。五月、六月可以采收花朵，南方人用它染黄非常鲜明，又用来治疗眼睛红肿溃烂。现在南方以及汴京的园林中，偶尔有种植。
栾华子（珠），未见入药使用。
栾华
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
李当之说：决明子是它的引经药。
【主治】眼睛疼痛流泪损伤，消除眼部肿胀（出自《神农本草经》）。配合黄连使用（出自《唐本草》）。
【释名】没石子（出自《开宝本草》）、墨石子（出自《炮炙论》）。
苏颂说：波斯人每顿饭用它代替水果，所以胡人称它为“没食子”。梵书中没有与“没”同音的字。现在的人称它为墨石、没石，是流传过程中产生的讹误。
【集解】苏恭说：无食子生长在西方戎地的沙地之间。树木形状像柽柳。
陶禹锡说：根据段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：无食子出产自波斯国，被称为摩泽树。高六、七丈，周长八、九尺。叶子像桃叶但更长。三月开白色花，花心微红。果实圆如弹丸，初生时青色，成熟后变黄白色。被虫蛀出孔的用于入药。这棵树一年结无食子，一年结拔屡子。拔屡子大如手指，长三寸，外面有壳，里面的仁像栗子黄可食用。隔年则结麻荼泽，也就是没石子。隔年交替生长，同一根茎产出不同的果实如此。《一统志》记载：没石子出产自大食各地。树木形状……
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，不要接触铜铁器，也不要被火惊吓（指避免高温骤变）。选用颗粒小、无米（无果肉残留）的为妙。用浆水在砂盆中研磨至尽，焙干后再研，呈现乌犀色即可入药。
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】赤白痢疾，肠道滑泄，促进肌肉生长（出自《唐本草》）。治疗肠道虚冷痢疾，补血生精，调和气血安神，使胡须头发变黑，治疗阴毒痿证，烧成灰使用（出自李珣）。
温中焦，治疗阴部疮疡和阴汗，小儿疳积，冷滑不禁（出自马志）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：没石子，配合其他药物染须，造墨的人也使用它。
张元素说：张仲景用它治疗阴汗，烧成灰，先用汤水洗澡，然后用布包裹灰扑打患处，效果很好。
【附方】旧方三个，新方五个。
血痢不止：没石子一两研为末，用水泛丸如小豆大。每次饭前用米汤送服五十丸。（出自《普济方》）。
小儿久痢：没石子二个，炒黄研末，做成馄饨吃。（出自《宫气方》）。
产后下痢：没石子一个，烧存性，研为末。冷时用酒送服，热时用米饮送服，每日两次。（出自《子母秘录》）。
牙齿疼痛：用绵裹住无食子末一钱咬之，流出涎液后吐掉。（出自《圣济总录》）。
鼻面酒渣鼻：南方产的有孔没石子，用水磨成膏。每晚涂抹，效果很好。（出自危氏《得效方》）。
口鼻急疳：没石子末，吹入下部患处，即痊愈。（出自《千金方》）。
大小口疮：没石子（炮制）三分，甘草一分。研为末撒敷。一个月内婴儿患此症者，少许置于乳头上吮吸，入口即啼哭，不超过三次即愈。（出自《圣济总录》）。
足趾肉刺：无食子三枚，肥皂荚一根。烧存性，研为末。醋调和敷之，立即见效。（出自《奇效方》）。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Luanhua grows in the valleys of Hanzhong. Harvested in May.
Su Gong says: The leaves of this tree resemble those of Hibiscus mutabilis (Mukun) but are thinner and finer. The flowers are yellow, resembling Sophora japonica (Huaihua), but slightly larger and longer. The fruit shell resembles Physalis alkekengi (Suanjiang), containing seeds inside like cooked peas; they are round, black, hard, and suitable for making prayer beads; this is it. Flowers can be collected in May and June. People in the south use them to dye things yellow, producing a very bright color, and also use them to treat redness and ulceration of the eyes. Currently, it is occasionally found in gardens in the South and Bianjing.
Luanhua seeds (Zhu), not seen used in medicine.
Luanhua
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
Li Dangzhi says: Mingmingzi (Cassiae Semen) serves as its guiding herb.
[Indications] Eye pain with tearing and injury, reduction of eye swelling (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Combined with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (*Tang Bencao*).
[Names] Meishizi (Kadua Fructus) (*Kaibao Bencao*), Moshizi (*Paozhi Lun*).
Su Song says: Persians used it as a substitute for fruit at every meal, hence the Hu people called it "Meishizi" (Persian Gallnut). There is no character in Sanskrit with the same pronunciation as "Mei". Nowadays, people call it Mosh or Meshi, which is an error passed down through transmission.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong says: Wuzishi grows in the sandy deserts of the Western Regions. The tree resembles Tamarix (Chengliu).
Tao Yuxi says: According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*, Wuzishi originates from Persia, where it is called Mozhe Tree. It is six to seven zhang high and eight to nine chi in circumference. The leaves are like peach leaves but longer. It blooms white flowers in March with a slightly red center. The fruits are round like bullet shots, initially green, turning yellow-white when ripe. Those pierced by insects are used for medicine. This tree produces Wuzishi one year and Balvzi the next. Balvzi is finger-thick, three chi long, with a shell, and the kernel inside is yellow like chestnuts and edible. Every other year, it produces Machaze, which is Meishizi. They alternate annually, producing different fruits from the same root system. *Yitong Zhi* records that Meishizi comes from various lands of Da Shi (Arabia). The tree resembles...
[Processing] Lei Xiao says: When using, avoid contact with copper and iron vessels, and do not expose to sudden heat shocks. Select small granules without residual pulp for best quality. Grind thoroughly in a mortar with Jiangshui (fermented rice water), dry by baking, then grind again until it turns the color of black rhinoceros horn before use.
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Red and white dysentery, intestinal slipping, promotion of muscle growth (*Tang Bencao*). Treatment of cold deficiency dysentery, benefit blood and essence, harmonize qi and calm the spirit, darken beard and hair, treat Yin toxicity and impotence, used after calcining into ash (Li Xun).
Warm the middle jiao, treat genital sores and sweating, pediatric malnutrition (Gan disease), cold and uncontrollable diarrhea (Ma Zhi).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi says: Meishizi, when combined with other herbs, is used for dyeing beard; ink makers also use it.
Zhang Yuansu says: Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat genital sweating. Calcined into ash, after bathing with hot water, wrap the ash in cloth and apply/pat the area; it is very effective.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, five new ones.
Unceasing bloody dysentery: Meishizi 1 liang, ground into powder, made into pills the size of small beans. Take 50 pills with millet drink before each meal (*Puji Fang*).
Chronic dysentery in children: Two Meishizi, roasted yellow and ground into powder, eaten as wontons (*Gongqi Fang*).
Postpartum dysentery: One Meishizi, calcined to retain its nature, ground into powder. Take with wine if cold, or with millet drink if hot, twice daily (*Zimu Milu*).
Toothache: Wrap 1 qian of Wuzishi powder in cotton and bite on it; spit out the saliva produced (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Rosacea (Jiu Chi) on nose and face: Use porous Meishizi from the south, grind with water into a paste. Apply nightly; very effective (Wei Shi's *Defang*).
Acute Gan disease in mouth and nose: Blow Meishizi powder into the affected lower part; it heals immediately (*Qianjin Fang*).
Major and minor mouth ulcers: Calcined Meishizi 3 fen, Gancao (Licorice Root) 1 fen. Ground into powder and sprinkled on the lesion. For infants within one month old, place a small amount on the nipple to suckle; the infant will cry upon entry, cures within three times (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Corn-like flesh spurs on toes: Three Wuzizi, one pod of Gleditsia sinensis (Fangzhijia). Calcined to retain nature, ground into powder. Mixed with vinegar and applied; immediate effect (*Qixiao Fang*).