（音渣。《食疗》）
【校正】原附木瓜下，今分出。
【释名】木桃（《埤雅》）、和圆子。
时珍曰∶木瓜酸香而性脆。木桃酢涩而多渣，故谓之楂，《雷公炮炙论》和圆子即此也
【集解】《藏器》曰∶楂子生中都，似 而小，江外常为果食，北土无之。
颂曰∶处处有之，孟州特多。
弘景曰∶《礼》云∶楂梨钻之。谓钻去核也。郑玄不识，以为梨之不臧者。郭璞以为似
梨而酢涩。古以为果，今不入例矣。
时珍曰∶楂子乃木瓜之酢涩者，小于木瓜，色微黄，蒂、核皆粗，核中之子小圆也。按
∶王祯《农书》云∶楂似小梨，西川、唐、邓间多种之。味劣于梨与木瓜，而入蜜煮汤，
则香美过之。《庄子》云∶楂、梨、橘、柚皆可于口。《淮南子》云∶树楂、梨、橘，食之
则美，嗅之则香。皆指此也。
【气味】酸，涩，平，无毒。
诜曰∶多食伤气，损齿及筋。
【主治】断痢（弘景）。去恶心咽酸，止酒痰黄水（藏器）。煮汁饮，治霍乱转筋，功与
木瓜相近（孟诜）。
（音冥渣。宋《图经》）
【校正】原附木瓜下，今分出。
【释名】蛮楂（《通志》）、瘙楂（《拾遗》）、木李（《诗经》）、木梨（《埤雅》）。
时珍曰∶木李生于吴越，故郑樵《通志》谓之蛮楂。云俗呼为木梨，则 楂盖蛮楂之讹
也。
【集解】颂曰∶ 楂木、叶、花、实酷类木瓜，但比木瓜大而黄色。辨之惟看蒂间别有
重蒂如乳者为木瓜，无此则 楂也。可以进酒去痰。道家生压取汁，和甘松、玄参末作湿香
，云甚爽神也。
诜曰∶ 楂气辛香，置衣箱中杀蠹虫。
时珍曰∶ 楂，乃木瓜之大而黄色无重蒂者也；楂子，乃木瓜之短小而味酢涩者也；
，则楂类之生于北土者也。三物与木瓜皆是一类各种，故其形状功用不甚相远，但木瓜得
木之正气，为可贵耳。
【气味】酸，平，无毒。
【主治】解酒去痰（弘景）。食之去恶心，止心中酸水（藏器）。煨食，止痢。浸油梳头，
治发白、发赤（大明）。煮汁服，治霍乱转筋（吴瑞）。
（读音为“渣”。出自《食疗本草》）
【校正】原附在木瓜条目之下，现在将其分出。
【释名】木桃（出自《埤雅》）、和圆子。
李时珍说：木瓜气味酸香且质地脆嫩。木桃味道酸涩且多渣，所以称为楂，《雷公炮炙论》中的“和圆子”指的就是这种果实。
【集解】陈藏器说：楂子产于中都地区，形状像梨但较小，江南地区常作为水果食用，北方土地没有生长。
苏颂说：各地都有生长，孟州特别丰富。
陶弘景说：《礼记》中提到：“楂梨钻之。”意思是钻去果核。郑玄不认识它，认为是腐烂的梨。郭璞认为它像梨一样酸涩。古代将其作为果品，现在不再列入常规分类了。
李时珍说：楂子是木瓜中味道酸涩的品种，比木瓜小，颜色微黄，蒂部和果核都较粗糙，核里面的种子小而圆。据王祯《农书》记载：楂子像小梨，西川、唐州、邓州之间多种植它。味道不如梨和木瓜好，但如果用蜜煮汤，则香气美味超过它们。《庄子》说：楂、梨、橘、柚都可以入口品尝。《淮南子》说：种植楂、梨、橘树，吃它们味道鲜美，闻起来香气扑鼻。说的都是指这种果实。
【气味】味酸，涩，性平，无毒。
孟诜说：多吃伤气，损伤牙齿和筋脉。
【主治】治疗痢疾（陶弘景）。去除恶心、咽喉反酸，止住酒后痰饮和黄水（陈藏器）。煮汁饮用，治疗霍乱引起的肌肉痉挛，功效与木瓜相近（孟诜）。
（读音为“冥渣”。出自宋代《图经本草》）
【校正】原附在木瓜条目之下，现在将其分出。
【释名】蛮楂（出自《通志》）、瘙楂（出自《拾遗》）、木李（出自《诗经》）、木梨（出自《埤雅》）。
李时珍说：木李生长在吴越地区，所以郑樵在《通志》中称之为蛮楂。民间俗称为木梨，那么“楂”字大概是“蛮楂”的讹误。
【集解】苏颂说：楂树的木、叶、花、果实都非常像木瓜，只是比木瓜大且呈黄色。辨别的方法只有看蒂部是否有像乳头一样的双重蒂，有则是木瓜，没有则是楂树。它可以用来饮酒化痰。道家生压取汁，与甘松、玄参粉末混合制成湿香，据说非常提神醒脑。
孟诜说：楂气味辛香，放在衣箱中可以杀灭蠹虫。
李时珍说：楂，是木瓜中个头大、黄色且没有双重蒂的品种；楂子，是木瓜中短小且味道酸涩的品种；而此处的楂，则是类似楂类生长在北方土地的品种。这三者与木瓜都属于同一类别的不同变种，所以形状和功能不太远，只是木瓜得木之正气，最为珍贵罢了。
【气味】味酸，性平，无毒。
【主治】解酒化痰（陶弘景）。食用可去除恶心，止住心中泛酸水（陈藏器）。煨熟后食用，可止痢。浸泡油中梳理头发，可治疗头发变白、发红（寇宗奭）。煮汁服用，可治疗霍乱引起的肌肉痉挛（吴瑞）。
(Zhā. From *Shiliao Bencao* [Food Therapy Materia Medica])
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince), now separated.
[Names] Mutao (*Piyá* [Additional Elegance]), Heyuanzi.
Li Shizhen states: *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince) is sour and fragrant with a crisp texture. The "Mutao" here is sour, astringent, and fibrous, hence called Zhā. The "Heyuanzi" mentioned in *Leigong Paozhi Lun* refers to this fruit.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Cangqi says: Zhāzi grows in the Zhongdu region, resembles a small pear but is smaller; it is commonly eaten as a fruit in the Jiangnan region, but does not grow in the northern lands.
Su Song says: It grows everywhere, particularly abundant in Mengzhou.
Tao Hongjing says: The *Book of Rites* mentions, "Drill the Zhā and Pear." This means drilling out the core. Zheng Xuan did not recognize it, assuming it was a rotten pear. Guo Pu considered it similar to a pear but sour and astringent. It was regarded as a fruit in ancient times but is no longer included in standard classifications today.
Li Shizhen says: Zhāzi is the sour and astringent variety of *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince). It is smaller than quince, slightly yellow in color, with rough stems and cores; the seeds inside the core are small and round. According to Wang Zhen's *Nongshu* [Agricultural Treatise]: Zhā resembles a small pear and is widely planted in Xichuan, Tangzhou, and Dengzhou. Its taste is inferior to pear and quince, but when boiled with honey into a soup, its aroma and flavor surpass them. The *Zhuangzi* states: "Zhā, pear, orange, and pomelo can all be tasted." The *Huainanzi* states: "Planting Zhā, pear, and orange trees makes them delicious to eat and fragrant to smell." All these refer to this fruit.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, astringent, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
Meng Shen says: Excessive consumption damages Qi, harms teeth, and injures sinews.
[Indications] Stops dysentery (Tao Hongjing). Removes nausea and acid regurgitation in the throat, stops alcohol-induced phlegm and yellow fluid (Chen Cangqi). Drinking the decoction treats cholera with muscle spasms; its efficacy is similar to that of *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince) (Meng Shen).
(Míngzhā. From Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao* [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica])
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince), now separated.
[Names] Manzha (*Tongzhi* [Comprehensive Records]), Saozha (*Shiyi* [Supplement]), Muli (*Shijing* [Classic of Poetry]), Mulí (*Piyá* [Additional Elegance]).
Li Shizhen says: Muli grows in the Wu-Yue region, so Zheng Qiao calls it Manzha in *Tongzhi*. Since the common name is Mulí, the character "Zhā" here is likely an error for "Manzha."
[Collected Explanations] Su Song says: The wood, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the Zhā tree closely resemble those of *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince), but are larger and yellow. The only way to distinguish them is by looking at the stem: if there is a double stem resembling a nipple, it is Quince; otherwise, it is Zhā. It can be used to resolve alcohol intoxication and dissipate phlegm. Daoists press the fresh fruit to extract juice, mix it with powdered *Nardostachys chinensis* (Gansong) and *Scrophularia ningpoensis* (Xuanshen) to make moist incense, which is said to be very refreshing and spirit-clearing.
Meng Shen says: Zhā has a pungent and fragrant aroma; placing it in clothing chests kills bookworms (caddisflies).
Li Shizhen says: Zhā is the large, yellow variety of *Chaenomeles speciosa* (Quince) without a double stem; Zhāzi is the short and small, sour and astringent variety of Quince; whereas this Zhā is the variety similar to Zhāzi growing in northern lands. These three items and Quince belong to the same category but different varieties, so their shapes and functions are not far apart. However, Quince obtains the upright Qi of Wood and is therefore most precious.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves alcohol intoxication and dissipates phlegm (Tao Hongjing). Eating it removes nausea and stops acid water in the heart (Chen Cangqi). Roasted and eaten, it stops dysentery. Soaked in oil for combing hair, it treats white or reddish hair (Kou Zongshi). Drinking the decoction treats cholera with muscle spasms (Wu Rui).