（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶海獭生海中。似獭而大如犬，脚下有皮如人胼拇，毛着水不濡。人亦
食其肉。海中又有海牛、海马、海驴等，皮毛在陆地，皆候风潮，犹能毛起。说出《博物志》。
时珍曰∶大 小獭，此亦獭也。今人以其皮为风领，云亚于貂焉。如淳注《博物志》云∶海
头如马，自
（上乌忽切，下女骨切。宋《开宝
【释名】骨 （《说文》）作 ，与肭同）、海狗。
时珍曰∶《唐韵》∶腽肭，肥貌。或作骨 ，讹为骨讷，皆番言也
【集解】藏器曰∶骨 兽，生突厥国，胡人呼为阿慈勃他你。其状似狐而大，长尾。脐
似麝香，黄赤色，如烂骨，从西番来。甄权曰∶腽肭脐，是新罗国海内狗外肾也，连而取之。
李 曰∶按∶《临海志》云∶出东海水中。状若鹿形，头似狗，长尾。每遇日出即浮在
水面，昆仑家以弓矢射之，取其外肾阴干，百日味甘香美也。
颂曰∶今东海旁亦有之。旧说似狐长尾。今沧州所图，乃是鱼类，而豕首两足。其脐红
紫色，上有紫斑点，全不相类，医家多用之。《异鱼图》云∶试其脐，于腊月冲风处，置盂
水浸之，不冻者为真也。
曰∶腽肭脐多伪者。海中有兽号曰水乌龙，海人取其肾，以充腽肭脐，其物自别。真
者，有一对则两重薄皮裹丸核；其皮上自有肉黄毛，一穴三茎；收之器中，年年湿润如新；
或置睡犬头上，其犬忽惊跳若狂者，为真也。
宗 曰∶今出登、莱州。其状非狗非兽，亦非鱼也。但前即似兽而尾即鱼。身有短密淡
青白毛，毛上有深青黑点，久则亦淡。腹胁下全白色。皮浓韧如牛皮，边将多取以饰鞍鞯。
其脐治腹脐积冷、精衰、脾肾劳极有功，不待别试也。似狐长尾之说，盖今人多不识之。
时珍曰∶按《唐书》云∶骨 兽出辽西·营州及结骨国。《一统志》云∶腽肭脐出女直
及三佛齐国。兽似狐，脚高如犬，走如飞。取其肾渍油名腽肭脐。观此，则似狐之说非无也。
盖似狐似鹿者，其毛色尔；似狗者，其足形也；似鱼者，其尾形也。入药用外肾而曰脐者，
连脐取之也。又《异物志》∶ 兽出朝鲜，似狸，苍黑色，无前两足，能捕鼠。郭璞云∶晋
时召陵·扶夷县获一兽，似狗豹文，有角两脚。据此则 有水陆二种，而藏器所谓似狐长尾
者，其此类与？
腽肭脐（一名海狗肾）
【修治】 曰∶用酒浸一日，纸裹炙香锉捣。
时珍曰∶以汉椒、樟脑同收，则不坏。
【气味】咸，大热，无毒。李 曰∶味甘香美，大温。
【主治】鬼气尸疰，梦与鬼交，鬼魅狐魅，心腹痛，中恶邪气，宿血结块， 癖羸瘦（藏
器）。治男子宿症气块，积冷劳气，肾精衰损，多色成劳，瘦悴（《药性》）。补中益肾气，
暖腰膝，助阳气，破症结，疗惊狂痫疾（《日华》）。五劳七伤，阴痿少力，肾虚，背膊劳闷，
面黑精冷，最良（《海药》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《和剂局方》治诸虚损，有腽肭脐丸；今之滋补丸药中多用之，精不
足者补之以味也。大抵与苁蓉、琐阳之功相近。亦可同糯米、法曲酿酒服。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：海獭生活在海中。外形像水獭但体型大如狗，脚掌下有类似人类老茧的皮，毛发沾水不湿。人们也食用它的肉。海中还有海牛、海马、海驴等动物，它们的皮毛在陆地上时，都能等待风潮，使毛发竖起。这一说法出自《博物志》。
李时珍说：大獭和小獭，这其实也是獭类。现在的人用它们的皮制作防风领子，据说比貂皮还要珍贵。如淳注释《博物志》时说：海头（指海獭头部）像马，读音为上乌忽切，下女骨切。宋代《开宝本草》……
【释名】
腽肭兽（《说文解字》中写作“骨”，与“肭”同义）、海狗。
李时珍说：《唐韵》解释：腽肭，意为肥壮的样子。有时写作“骨”，讹传为“骨讷”，这些都是番邦语言的音译。
【集解】
陈藏器说：腽肭兽，产于突厥国，胡人称之为阿慈勃他你。它的形状像狐狸但较大，尾巴长。其脐部气味像麝香，呈黄赤色，像腐烂的骨头，从西番地区运来。甄权说：腽肭脐，是新罗国海内狗的睾丸，是连着脐带一起取下的。
李珣说：据《临海志》记载：产于东海水中。形状像鹿，头像狗，尾巴长。每当日出时就浮在水面上，昆仑族人用弓箭射杀它，取下睾丸阴干，一百天后味道甘甜香美。
苏颂说：现在东海边也有出产。旧说认为它像狐狸且尾巴长。现在沧州所绘制的图，却是鱼类，长着猪一样的头和两只脚。其脐部呈红紫色，上面有紫斑点，完全不相类似，但医家多使用这种。《异鱼图》说：测试其脐的真伪，在腊月刮风的地方，将盂中的水浸渍它，不结冰的就是真品。
寇宗奭说：腽肭脐有很多伪品。海中有一种兽叫水乌龙，海人取它的肾，用来冒充腽肭脐，这两种东西本身是有区别的。真品，有一对睾丸则有两层薄皮包裹着丸核；其皮上自然长着肉黄色的毛，一穴三根；收藏在容器中，年年湿润如新；或者放在睡狗头上，狗突然惊跳发狂的，就是真品。
陶宗仪说：现在产于登州、莱州。它的形状不像狗也不是兽，也不是鱼。只是前部像兽而尾部像鱼。身上有短密淡青白色的毛，毛上有深青黑点，时间久了也会变淡。腹部和胁下全是白色。皮厚实坚韧如牛皮，边境将领多拿来装饰马鞍垫。其脐治疗腹脐积冷、精气衰败、脾肾极度劳损有功，不需要另外测试。所谓像狐狸长尾的说法，大概是现在的人大多不认识它了。
李时珍说：据《唐书》记载：腽肭兽产于辽西营州及结骨国。《一统志》说：腽肭脐产于女真及三佛齐国。兽形似狐，脚高如狗，奔跑如飞。取其肾浸泡油中名为腽肭脐。看这些记载，那么像狐狸的说法并非没有依据。大概像狐狸像鹿的是指它的毛色；像狗的是指它的足形；像鱼的是指它的尾形。入药使用外肾却称为脐，是因为连着脐带取用的缘故。又据《异物志》记载：某种兽产于朝鲜，像狸猫，苍黑色，没有前两足，能捕鼠。郭璞说：晋朝时在召陵扶夷县捕获一种兽，像狗但有豹纹，有角两脚。据此则有水陆两种，那么陈藏器所说的像狐狸长尾的，大概就是这类吧？
腽肭脐（又名海狗肾）
【修治】
李珣说：用酒浸泡一天，用纸包裹烤香后锉碎捣烂。
【气味】
咸味，大热，无毒。李珣说：味道甘甜香美，性大温。
【主治】
鬼气尸疰，梦中与鬼交合，鬼魅狐魅作祟，心腹痛，中恶邪气，宿血结块，癖块羸瘦（陈藏器）。治疗男子宿症气块，积冷劳气，肾精衰损，因房事过度成劳，消瘦憔悴（《药性论》）。补中益肾气，暖腰膝，助阳气，破症结，疗惊狂痫疾（《日华子本草》）。五劳七伤，阳痿少力，肾虚，背膊劳闷，面色黑精冷，效果最好（《海药本草》）。
【发明】
李时珍说：《和剂局方》治疗各种虚损，有腽肭脐丸；现在的滋补丸药中多用此药，精气不足者用其味厚之性来补益。大体上与肉苁蓉、锁阳的功效相近。也可以同糯米、法曲一起酿酒服用。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: The sea otter lives in the sea. It resembles an otter but is as large as a dog; its feet have skin like human calluses, and its fur does not get wet when touching water. People also eat its meat. In the sea, there are also sea cows, sea horses, and sea donkeys; their pelts on land can raise their hair by waiting for wind and tides. This is said in *Bowuzhi* (Records of Various Things).
Li Shizhen stated: Large otters and small otters are indeed otters. Nowadays, people use their skins to make windproof collars, claiming they are superior to mink fur. As Chun annotated *Bowuzhi*: The head of the Hai Tou [Sea Otter] resembles a horse. Pronunciation: upper character 'wu' cut at 'hu', lower character 'nu' cut at 'gu'. Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*...
[Names]
Tan Na Beast (written as "Gu" in *Shuowen Jiezi*, same as "Na"), Sea Dog.
Li Shizhen stated: *Tang Yun* explains: Tan Na means fat or plump appearance. Sometimes written as "Gu", erroneously transcribed as "Gu Ne"; these are all transliterations from foreign languages.
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: The Tan Na beast is produced in the Turkic states, where Hu people call it Acibote Ni. Its shape resembles a fox but is larger, with a long tail. Its umbilical region smells like musk, is yellowish-red, resembling rotten bone, and comes from Western Fan regions. Zhen Quan stated: Tan Na Qi (Umbilicus), is the testicles of the sea dog from Silla, taken connected to the umbilicus.
Li Xun stated: According to *Linhai Zhi*: Produced in the waters of the East Sea. Shape resembles a deer, head like a dog, long tail. Whenever the sun rises, it floats on the surface. Kunlun people shoot it with bows and arrows, take its testicles, dry them in the shade, and after one hundred days, the taste becomes sweet and fragrant.
Su Song stated: It is also found along the East Sea coast nowadays. Old descriptions say it resembles a fox with a long tail. The illustration from Cangzhou depicts a fish-like creature with a pig's head and two legs. Its umbilical region is red-purple with purple spots, completely different in appearance, yet physicians often use it. *Yiyu Tu* states: To test the authenticity of its umbilicus, place it in a bowl of water in a windy place during the twelfth lunar month; if it does not freeze, it is genuine.
Kou Zongshi stated: There are many fakes of Tan Na Qi. There is a beast in the sea called Shui Wulong (Water Black Dragon); fishermen take its kidneys to pass off as Tan Na Qi, though the two animals are distinct. Genuine ones have a pair of testicles wrapped in two layers of thin skin; the skin naturally has yellowish fleshy hairs, three strands per pore; stored in containers, they remain moist and new year after year; or if placed on a sleeping dog, the dog will suddenly jump up madly, indicating genuineness.
Tao Zongyi stated: It is now produced in Dengzhou and Laizhou. Its shape is neither dog nor beast, nor fish. The front resembles a beast while the tail resembles a fish. The body has short, dense, pale blue-white fur with dark blue-black spots, which fade over time. The abdomen and flanks are entirely white. The skin is thick and tough like cowhide; border generals often use it to decorate saddles. Its umbilicus is effective for treating cold accumulation in the abdomen and umbilicus, essence depletion, and extreme spleen-kidney exhaustion, without needing further testing. The description of resembling a fox with a long tail is likely because most people today do not recognize it.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Tang Shu*: The Tan Na beast is produced in Yingzhou west of Liaoxi and the Jiegu state. *Yitong Zhi* states: Tan Na Qi is produced in Wuzhi and Srivijaya. The beast resembles a fox, legs high like a dog, running fast. Taking its kidneys and steeping them in oil is named Tan Na Qi. From this, the description resembling a fox is not baseless. Perhaps those resembling foxes or deer refer to their fur color; those resembling dogs refer to their foot shape; those resembling fish refer to their tail shape. Used medicinally as external kidneys but called umbilicus because they are taken connected to the umbilicus. Furthermore, *Yiwuzhi* records: A certain beast is produced in Korea, resembling a civet cat, grey-black, lacking front two legs, able to catch mice. Guo Pu stated: During the Jin dynasty, a beast was captured in Fuyi County, Shaoling; it resembled a dog with leopard patterns, had horns and two legs. Based on this, there are aquatic and terrestrial varieties; thus, Chen Cangqi's description of resembling a fox with a long tail likely refers to such types?
Tan Na Qi (Also known as Hai Gou Shen / Sea Dog Kidney/Testicle)
[Processing]
Li Xun stated: Soak in wine for one day, wrap in paper, roast until fragrant, then grind and pound.
Li Shizhen stated: Store together with Sichuan pepper and borneol to prevent spoilage.
[Properties and Flavor]
Salty, Great Heat, Non-toxic. Li Xun stated: Taste is sweet and fragrant, Great Warmth.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Ghost qi, corpse transmission, dreaming of sexual intercourse with ghosts, bewitchment by ghosts and foxes, heart and abdominal pain, poisoning by evil qi, stagnation of old blood forming masses, phlegm-stagnation emaciation (Chen Cangqi). Treats men's chronic mass qi blocks, accumulated cold and labor qi, kidney essence depletion, consumption disease due to excessive sexual activity, emaciation and frailty (*Yaoxing Lun*). Tonifies the center and benefits kidney qi, warms waist and knees, assists yang qi, breaks mass formations, treats convulsive madness and epilepsy (*Rihua Bencao*). Five labors and seven injuries, impotence and weakness, kidney deficiency, back and shoulder labor oppression, dark complexion and cold essence, most effective (*Haiyao Bencao*).
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen stated: *Heji Jufang* (Formulas of the Bureau of Preservatives) treats various deficiencies with Tan Na Qi Pills; it is widely used in modern tonifying pills. Essence insufficiency is supplemented by its rich flavor. Generally, its efficacy is similar to Cistanche Deserticola (Rou Cong Rong) and Herba Cynomorii (Suo Yang). It can also be fermented into wine with glutinous rice and Qu (fermentation starter).