（《拾遗》）
【释名】红虾（藏器）、 （浩。
【集解】藏器曰∶海中红虾长一尺，须可为簪。崔豹《古今注》云∶
蛉，名绀 。七月群飞暗天。夷人食之，云虾所化也。
时珍曰∶按∶段公路《北户录》云∶海中大红虾长二尺余，头可作杯，须可作簪
、杖。其肉可为 ，甚美。又刘恂《岭表录异》云；海虾皮壳嫩红色，就中脑壳与前双足有
钳者。，其色如朱，最大者长七、八尺至一丈也。闽中有五色虾，亦长尺余。彼人两两干之，
谓之对虾，以充上馔。
【气味】甘，平，有小毒。
时珍曰∶同猪肉食，令人多唾。
【主治】飞尸蛔虫，口中疳 ，龋齿头疮，去疥癣风瘙身痒，治
发则愈（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】水马。
弘景曰∶是鱼虾类也。状如马形，故名。
【集解】藏器曰∶海马出南海。形如马，长五六寸，虾类也。《南
如守宫，其色黄褐。妇人难产割裂而出者，手持此虫，即如羊之易产也。
宗 曰∶其首如马，其身如虾，其背伛偻，有竹节纹，长二、三寸。
颂曰∶《异鱼图》云∶渔人布网罟，此鱼多挂网上，收取曝干，以雌雄为对。
时珍曰∶按∶《圣济总录》云∶海马，雌者黄色，雄者青色。又徐表《南方异物志》云∶
海中有鱼，状如马头，其喙垂下，或黄或黑。海人捕得，不以啖食，曝干
即此也。又《抱朴子》云；水马合赤斑蜘蛛，同冯夷水
考矣。
【气味】甘，温、平，无毒。
【主治】妇人难产，带之于身，甚验。临时烧末饮服，并手握之，即易产
难产及血气痛（苏颂）。暖水脏，壮阳
【发明】时珍曰∶海马雌雄成对，其性温暖，有交感之义，故难产及
之，如蛤蚧、郎君子之功也。虾亦壮阳，性应同之。
【附方】新二。
海马汤∶治远年虚实积聚症块。用海马雌雄各一枚，木香一两，大黄（炒）、白牵牛（炒）
各二两，巴豆四十九粒，青皮二两（童子小便浸软，包巴豆扎定，入小便内再浸七日，取出
麸炒黄色，去豆不用），取皮同众药为末。每服二钱，水一盏，煎三五沸，临卧温服。（《圣
济录》）海马拔毒散∶治疔疮发背恶疮有奇效。用海马（炙黄）一对，穿山甲（黄土炒）、朱
砂、
水银各一钱，雄黄三钱，龙脑、麝香各少许为末，入水银研不见星。每以少许点之，一日一
点，毒自出也。（《秘
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】红虾（唐代药物学家陈藏器称为“红虾”）、海虾。
【集解】陈藏器说：海中的红虾身长一尺，胡须可以做成发簪。崔豹在《古今注》中说：有一种昆虫叫蛉，又名绀蛉。七月时成群飞翔遮蔽天空。少数民族人食用它，说是由虾变化而来的。
李时珍说：查阅段公路的《北户录》记载：海中巨大的红虾身长两尺多，头部可以做杯子，胡须可以做簪子或手杖。其肉质可以做食品，味道非常鲜美。又据刘恂《岭表录异》记载：海虾皮壳呈嫩红色，其中脑壳和前双足有钳子的种类，颜色像朱砂一样红，最大的长达七、八尺甚至一丈。福建地区有五色的虾，也有一尺多长。当地人将其两两晒干，称为对虾，用来作为上等菜肴。
【气味】味甘，性平，有小毒。
李时珍说：与猪肉一起食用，会让人唾液增多。
【主治】治疗飞尸蛔虫症，口腔中的疳积，龋齿引起的头疮，去除疥癣、风疹引起的身体瘙痒，治疗发作性的疾病则痊愈（出自陈藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】水马。
陶弘景说：这是鱼虾类的动物。形状像马，所以得名。
【集解】陈藏器说：海马出产于南海。形状像马，长五六寸，属于虾类。《南方异物志》等书记载像守宫（壁虎），颜色黄褐色。妇女难产，胎儿割裂而出的情况下，手持这种虫子，就会像羊生产一样容易。
苏颂说：它的头像马，身体像虾，背部弯曲，有竹节状的纹路，长二、三寸。
苏颂又说：《异鱼图》记载：渔人布置网罟时，这种鱼大多挂在网上，收取后晒干，以雌雄配对。
李时珍说：查阅《圣济总录》记载：海马，雌性的黄色，雄性的青色。又徐表的《南方异物志》说：海中有鱼，形状像马头，嘴垂下，颜色有的黄有的黑。海边的人捕获后，不拿来吃，晒干就是这种药材。又《抱朴子》说：水马合赤斑蜘蛛，同冯夷水...（原文此处似有缺漏或错简，按文意推测为相关药用记载）。
【气味】味甘，性温、平，无毒。
【主治】治疗妇女难产，随身携带此物，效果显著。临产时烧成粉末用水冲服，并手握之，即可顺利生产。治疗难产及血气痛（出自苏颂）。温暖水脏，壮阳...（原文此处截断，通常接“益精”或类似功效）。
【发明】李时珍说：海马雌雄成对，其性温暖，有交感之义，所以能治疗难产及...（原文截断，指阳痿等症），功效如同蛤蚧、郎君子（韭菜子）一样。虾也能壮阳，性质应该与此相同。
【附方】新收录二首。
海马汤：治疗多年的虚实积聚症块。用海马雌雄各一枚，木香一两，大黄（炒）、白牵牛（炒）各二两，巴豆四十九粒，青皮二两（用童子小便浸软，包裹巴豆扎紧，放入小便中再浸泡七日，取出后用麸皮炒至黄色，去掉巴豆不用），取青皮与其他药物一起研成粉末。每次服用二钱，用水一盏，煎煮三五沸，睡前温服。（出自《圣济总录》）
海马拔毒散：治疗疔疮、发背、恶疮有奇效。用海马（炙黄）一对，穿山甲（黄土炒）、朱砂、水银各一钱，雄黄三钱，龙脑、麝香各少许研成粉末，加入水银研磨至不见星点。每次取少许点涂患处，一天点一次，毒邪自然排出。（出自《秘...》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
**Names**: Red Shrimp (Chen Zangqi called it "Red Shrimp"), Sea Shrimp.
**Collected Explanations**: Chen Zangqi stated: The red shrimp in the sea is one chi long, and its whiskers can be made into hairpins. Cui Bao in *Gujin Zhu* said: There is an insect called Ling, also known as Gan Ling. In the seventh month, they fly in swarms obscuring the sky. Ethnic minorities eat them, claiming they are transformed from shrimp.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Duan Gonglu's *Buhu Lu*: Giant red shrimp in the sea are over two chi long; their heads can serve as cups, and their whiskers can be made into hairpins or walking sticks. Their meat can be used for food and is very delicious. Additionally, Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Luyi* records: Sea shrimp have tender red shells; among them, those with pincers on the head and front pair of feet are colored like cinnabar, with the largest reaching seven or eight chi up to one zhang. In Fujian, there are five-colored shrimp, also over one chi long. Locals dry them in pairs, calling them "Pair Shrimp," to be served as premium dishes.
**Flavor and Properties**: Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: Consumed with pork, it causes excessive salivation.
**Therapeutic Actions**: Treats Feishi (flying corpse) and roundworm conditions, oral gan accumulation (nutritional deficiency ulcers), head sores caused by dental caries, removes scabies, tinea, and wind-rash causing body itching, and cures episodic diseases (from Chen Zangqi).
(From *Bencao Shiyi*)
**Name**: Water Horse.
Tao Hongjing stated: It belongs to the fish and shrimp category. Its shape resembles a horse, hence the name.
**Collected Explanations**: Chen Zangqi stated: Sea horses originate from the South Sea. They resemble horses, are five or six cun long, and belong to the shrimp family. Records such as *Nanfang Yiwu Zhi* describe them as resembling geckos (Shougong), with yellowish-brown coloration. In cases of difficult childbirth where the fetus is torn upon exit, holding this creature makes delivery as easy as that of a sheep.
Su Song stated: Its head resembles a horse, its body resembles a shrimp, its back is arched with bamboo-joint-like patterns, and it is two or three cun long.
Su Song further stated: *Yiyu Tu* records: When fishermen set nets, these fish often get caught. They are collected and sun-dried, paired by male and female.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Shengji Zonglu*: Sea horses, females are yellow, males are cyan. Xu Biao's *Nanfang Yiwu Zhi* says: There are fish in the sea shaped like horse heads with drooping snouts, varying in color from yellow to black. Coastal people catch them but do not eat them; they are sun-dried for medicinal use. Additionally, *Baopuzi* mentions water horses combined with red-spotted spiders... (text fragmentary).
**Flavor and Properties**: Sweet, warm/neutral, non-toxic.
**Therapeutic Actions**: Treats difficult childbirth in women; carrying it on the person is highly effective. When labor begins, burn it to powder and take with water, while holding it in hand, to facilitate delivery. Treats difficult childbirth and blood-qi pain (from Su Song). Warms the Water Organ (Kidney), strengthens Yang... (text fragmentary).
**Elucidation**: Li Shizhen stated: Male and female sea horses form pairs; their nature is warm, embodying the principle of sexual union. Thus, they treat difficult childbirth and... (text fragmentary, implying impotence), functioning similarly to Gecko (Gejie) and Leizuizi (Leek seeds). Shrimp also strengthens Yang, and its nature should be similar.
**Attached Prescriptions**: Two new prescriptions.
**Haima Tang (Sea Horse Decoction)**: Treats long-standing excess or deficiency accumulations and masses. Use one male and one female Sea Horse (*Hippocampus*), one liang of Costus Root (*Muxiang*), two liang each of Rhubarb (*Dahuang*, stir-fried) and White Morning Glory Seed (*Bai Qianniu*, stir-fried), forty-nine Croton Seeds (*Badou*), and two liang of Green Tangerine Peel (*Qingpi*). Soak the peel in urine from a prepubescent boy until soft, wrap the Croton seeds inside, tie securely, and soak again in the urine for seven days. Remove, stir-fry with bran until yellow, discard the Croton seeds, and grind the peel with other herbs into powder. Take two qian per dose, decoct in one cup of water for three to five boils, and take warm before sleep. (From *Shengji Zonglu*)
**Haima Badu San (Sea Horse Detoxifying Powder)**: Has miraculous effects for treating Ding sores, carbuncles on the back, and malignant ulcers. Use one pair of Sea Horse (*Haima*, roasted until yellow), one qian each of Pangolin Scales (*Chuanshanjia*, stir-fried with yellow earth), Cinnabar (*Zhusha*), and Mercury (*Shuiyin*), three qian of Realgar (*Xionghuang*), and a small amount of Borneol (*Longnao*) and Musk (*Shexiang*). Grind into powder, incorporating mercury until no shiny particles remain. Apply a small amount to the lesion once daily; the toxin will naturally discharge. (From *Mi...*)