（《别录》下品）
【释名】时珍曰∶ ，音霞（俗作虾），入汤则红色如霞也。
【集解】时珍曰∶江湖出者大而色白，溪池出者小而色青。皆磔须钺
有硬鳞，多足而好跃，其肠属脑，其子在腹外。凡有数种∶米虾、糠虾，以精粗名也，青虾、
白虾，以色名也。梅虾，以梅雨时有也。泥虾、海虾，以出产名也。岭
蚁，秋社后，群堕水中化为虾，人以作 食。凡虾之大者，蒸曝去壳，谓之虾米，食以姜、
醋，馔品所珍。
【气味】甘，温，有小毒。
诜曰∶生水田及沟渠者有毒， 内者尤有毒。
藏器曰∶以热饭盛密器中作 食，毒人至死。
弘景曰∶无须及腹下通黑，并煮之色白者，并不可食。小儿及鸡、狗食之，脚屈弱。
鼎曰∶动风，发疮疥冷积。
源曰∶动风热，有病患勿食。
【主治】五野鸡病，小儿赤白游肿，捣碎敷之（孟诜）。
作羹，试鳖症，托痘疮，下乳汁。法制，壮阳道；煮汁，吐风痰；捣膏，敷虫疽
（时珍）。
【附方】新五。
鳖症疼痛∶《类编》云∶景陈弟长子拱病鳖症，隐隐见皮内，痛不可忍。外医洪氏曰∶
可以鲜虾作羹食之。
下腹未久痛即止。喜曰∶此真鳖症也。吾求其所好，以尝试之尔。乃合一药如疗脾胃者，
而
明年又作，再如前治而愈，遂绝根本。补肾兴阳∶用虾米一斤，蛤蚧二枚，茴香、蜀椒
各四两。并以青盐化酒炙炒，以木香粗末一两和匀，乘热收新瓶中密封。每服一匙，空心盐
酒嚼下，甚妙。
宣吐风痰∶用连壳虾半斤，入葱、姜、酱煮汁。先吃虾，后吃汁，紧束肚腹，以翎探引
取吐。
疮生虫∶用小虾三十尾，去头、足、壳，同糯米饭研烂，隔纱贴疮上，别以纱罩之。
一夜解下，挂看皆是小赤虫。即以葱、椒汤洗净，用旧茶笼内白竹叶，随大小剪贴，一日二
换。待汁出尽，逐日煎苦楝根汤洗之，以好膏贴之。将生肉，勿换膏药。忌发物。（《直指
方》）
血风 疮∶生虾、黄丹捣和贴之，日一换。（《集简方》）
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】李时珍说：虾，读音为“霞”（俗写为“虾”），放入汤中煮后颜色变红，如同晚霞一般。
【集解】李时珍说：生长在江河湖泊中的虾体型较大且颜色发白，生长在溪流池塘中的虾体型较小且颜色发青。它们都有张开的触须和坚硬的鳞片，足多且善于跳跃，肠道连接脑部，卵粒在腹部外面。大致有几种：米虾、糠虾，是以颗粒精细或粗糙来命名的；青虾、白虾，是以颜色来命名的；梅虾，是因为在梅雨季节出现而得名；泥虾、海虾，是以出产环境来命名的。岭南地区的蚂蚁，在秋社日之后，成群落入水中变成虾，人们将其做成食物食用。凡是较大的虾，经过蒸晒去壳后，称为“虾米”，食用时搭配姜、醋，是珍贵的菜肴。
【气味】味甘，性温，有小毒。
孟诜说：生长在水田及沟渠中的虾有毒，体内有黑线的尤其有毒。
陈藏器说：用热饭盛放在密闭容器中制作成虾酱，吃后会使人中毒甚至死亡。
陶弘景说：没有触须以及腹部通体发黑，并煮熟后颜色变白的虾，都不可食用。小儿以及鸡、狗吃了之后，会导致脚部弯曲无力。
苏颂说：动风气，诱发疮疥和冷积病。
寇宗奭说：动风热，患病者不要食用。
【主治】治疗五野鸡病（一种皮肤疾病），小儿赤游丹和白游肿，捣碎后外敷（孟诜）。
做成羹汤，可测试鳖瘕（腹中结块如鳖形的病症），托举痘疮（促进痘疹透发），通乳汁。经炮制加工，可壮阳道；煮汁服用，可吐出风痰；捣成膏状，外敷治疗虫疽（时珍）。
【附方】新增五种。
鳖瘕疼痛：《类编》记载：景陈的弟弟长子拱患有鳖瘕，隐隐约约可见于皮内，疼痛难忍。外科医生洪氏说：可以用鲜虾做成羹汤食用。患者吃完后，下腹不久即感到疼痛然后停止。患者高兴地说：这真是鳖瘕啊。我是探求他喜欢的口味来尝试治疗的。于是配合治疗脾胃的药物一起使用，第二年又发作，再次按照之前的方法治疗而痊愈，从而断绝了病根。
补肾兴阳：用虾米一斤，蛤蚧二枚，茴香、蜀椒各四两。都用青盐化酒炙炒，加入粗末木香一两混合均匀，趁热装入新瓶中密封。每次服用一匙，空腹时用盐水送服嚼食，效果很好。
宣吐风痰：用带壳虾半斤，加入葱、姜、酱煮出汁液。先吃虾，后喝汁液，紧紧束住肚腹，用羽毛探喉引吐。
疮生虫：用小虾三十尾，去掉头、足、壳，与糯米饭一起研烂，隔着纱布贴在疮口上，另外用纱布罩住。一夜后取下，悬挂查看发现都是小赤虫。随即用葱、椒汤洗净，用旧茶笼内的白竹叶，根据大小剪裁贴敷，一天换两次。待脓汁排尽后，每天煎苦楝根汤清洗，用好膏药贴敷。伤口即将愈合长肉时，不要更换膏药。忌食发物。（《直指方》）
血风疮：将生虾、黄丹捣匀贴敷，每日一换。（《集简方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Li Shizhen states: "Xia" (Shrimp), pronounced 'xia' (colloquially written as 虾), turns red like rosy clouds when boiled in soup.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen states: Those inhabiting rivers and lakes are large and white; those from streams and ponds are small and green. All possess spread-out antennae and hard scales, have many legs, and are prone to leaping. Their intestines connect to their brains, and their eggs are located outside the abdomen. There are several varieties: Mi Xia (Rice Shrimp) and Kang Xia (Chaff Shrimp) are named for their fine or coarse texture; Qing Xia (Green Shrimp) and Bai Xia (White Shrimp) are named by color; Mei Xia (Plum Rain Shrimp) is so named because it appears during the Plum Rain season; Ni Xia (Mud Shrimp) and Hai Xia (Sea Shrimp) are named by their habitat. In Lingnan, ants fall into water in groups after the Autumn She festival and transform into shrimp, which people consume as food. Large shrimp, after steaming and sun-drying with shells removed, are called Xi Mi (Dried Shrimp Meat). They are considered a delicacy when eaten with ginger and vinegar.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, slightly toxic.
Meng Xun states: Those growing in paddy fields and ditches are toxic; those with black lines inside are especially toxic.
Chen Cangqi states: Preparing shrimp paste by placing hot rice and shrimp in a sealed container can cause fatal poisoning.
Tao Hongjing states: Shrimp without antennae, those entirely black on the ventral side, and those that turn white when boiled should not be eaten. If consumed by children, chickens, or dogs, it causes weakness and flexion of the limbs.
Su Song states: It stirs up wind pathogens, triggers sores and scabies, and exacerbates cold accumulations.
Kou Zongshi states: It stirs up wind-heat; patients should avoid eating it.
[Indications] Treats Wu Ye Ji Bing (Five Wild Chicken Diseases, a type of dermatological condition), Chi Bai You Zhong (Red and White Roaming Swelling/Cellulitis in infants). Crushed and applied externally (Meng Xun). Made into soup to test for Bie Zheng (Abdominal Mass resembling a turtle); promotes eruption of smallpox; promotes lactation. Processed preparations strengthen Yang; boiled juice induces vomiting of wind-phlegm; crushed into paste and applied externally treats Chong Ju (Insect-related Carbuncles) (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Five new prescriptions.
Pain from Bie Zheng: *Lei Bian* records: Jing Chen's brother's eldest son, Gong, suffered from Bie Zheng, visible faintly under the skin, causing unbearable pain. The surgeon Hong stated: One may eat fresh shrimp made into soup. After eating, the lower abdomen hurt briefly then stopped. Gong rejoiced, saying: This is truly Bie Zheng. I sought his cravings to try this treatment. He was then given medicine treating the Spleen and Stomach. The disease recurred the next year, but cured again with the previous method, thus eliminating the root cause.
Tonifying Kidney and Boosting Yang: Use one jin (approx. 500g) of Dried Shrimp Meat, two Ge Jie (Gekko Gecko), four liang (approx. 150g each) of Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit) and Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper). Stir-fry all with green salt dissolved in wine. Mix with one liang of coarse Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root). Seal tightly in a new jar while hot. Take one spoonful, chew and swallow with salted wine on an empty stomach. Very effective.
Vomiting Wind-Phlegm: Use half a jin of shrimp with shells, boil with Cong Bai (Scallion Stem), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and Jiang (Soy Sauce) to extract juice. Eat the shrimp first, then drink the juice. Bind the abdomen tightly and use a feather to induce vomiting.
Sores with Parasites: Use thirty Xiao Xia (Small Shrimp). Remove heads, legs, and shells. Grind with glutinous rice until pasty. Apply over gauze onto the sore, covered with another layer of gauze. Remove after one night; hanging it reveals small red worms. Wash clean with Scallion and Pepper decoction. Cut Bai Zhu Ye (White Bamboo Leaf) from old tea baskets to size and apply. Change twice daily. Once discharge ceases, wash daily with Ku Lian Gen Tang (Melia Azedarach Root Bark Decoction) and apply good ointment. Do not change ointment when granulation tissue begins to form. Avoid Fa Wu (Hair-trigger foods/allergens). (*Zhi Fang*)
Blood Wind Sores: Grind fresh shrimp and Huang Dan (Lead Oxide) together and apply. Change once daily. (*Ji Jian Fang*)