（《拾遗》）
【释名】飞鱼。
【集解】藏器曰∶生海南。大者长尺许，有翅与尾齐。群飞海上。海人候之，当有大风。
《吴都赋》云“文鳐夜飞而触纶”，是矣。
时珍曰∶按∶《西山经》云∶观水西注于流沙，多文鳐鱼。状如鲤，鸟翼鱼身，苍文白
首赤喙。常以夜飞，从西海游于东海。其音如鸾鸡。其味酸甘，食之已狂。见则大穣。《林
邑记》云∶飞鱼身圆，大者丈余，翅如胡蝉
统志》云∶陕西 县涝水出飞鱼，状如鲋，食之已痔疾也。
肉
【气味】甘，酸，无毒。
【主治】妇人难产，烧黑研末，酒服一钱，临月带之，令人易产（
珍）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】土奴鱼（《临海记》）。
【集解】藏器曰∶生南海。头如虎，背皮如 有刺，着人如蛇咬。亦有变为虎者。
时珍曰∶按∶《倦游录》云∶海中泡鱼大如斗，身有刺如 ，能化为豪猪。此即鱼虎
也。《述异记》云∶老则变为鲛鱼。
【气味】有毒。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶陈藏器诸鱼注云∶鱼师大者有毒杀人。今无识者。
但《唐韵》云∶ ，老鱼也。《山海经》云∶历虢
（《拾遗》）
【释名】水母（《拾遗》）、樗蒲鱼（《拾遗》）、石镜。
时珍曰∶ ，作、宅二音。南人讹为海折，或作蜡、 者，并非。刘恂云∶闽人曰 ，
广人曰水母。《异苑》名石镜也。
【集解】藏器曰∶
虾动
时珍曰∶水母形浑然凝结，其色红紫，无口眼腹。下有物如悬絮，群虾附之，咂其涎沫
，浮泛如飞。为潮所拥，则虾去而 不得归。人因割取之，浸以锻石、矾水，去其血
色遂白。其最浓者，谓之 头，味更胜。生、熟皆可食
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】妇人劳损，积血带下，小儿风疾丹毒，汤火伤（藏器）。
出《异苑》）。
（出自《海药本草》）
【释名】飞鱼。
【集解】陈藏器说：产于海南。大的长约一尺左右，有鳍与尾巴齐平。成群在海面上飞翔。海边人观察它们，预示将有狂风大作。
《吴都赋》中说“文鳐夜间飞翔而触碰到渔网”，说的就是这种鱼。
李时珍说：查考《西山经》记载：观水向西流入流沙，水中多产文鳐鱼。形状像鲤鱼，长着鸟的翅膀和鱼的身体，青色花纹、白色头部、红色嘴喙。常在夜间飞翔，从西海游向东海。叫声像鸾鸡。味道酸甘，食用它可以治愈狂病。出现这种鱼预示着大丰收。《林邑记》说：飞鱼身体圆滚，大的有一丈多长，翅膀像胡蝉。《统志》说：陕西某县的涝水出产飞鱼，形状像鲫鱼，食用它可以治愈痔疮。
【气味】味甘，味酸，无毒。
【主治】妇女难产，烧成黑炭后研成粉末，用酒送服一钱，临产前佩戴在身上，能让人容易分娩（李时珍补充）。
（出自《海药本草》）
【释名】土奴鱼（出自《临海记》）。
【集解】陈藏器说：产于南海。头像老虎，背部皮肤像刺猬一样有刺，碰到人就像被蛇咬一样痛。也有变成老虎的情况。
李时珍说：查考《倦游录》记载：海中泡鱼大如斗，身上有刺像刺猬，能豪猪化。这就是鱼虎。《述异记》说：老了就会变成鲨鱼。
【气味】有毒。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：陈藏器在关于各种鱼的注释中说：某种大鱼有毒，能杀人。现在没有人认识它了。
只是《唐韵》说：这是老鱼。《山海经》说：历虢
（出自《海药本草》）
【释名】水母（出自《海药本草》）、樗蒲鱼（出自《海药本草》）、石镜。
李时珍说：读音为“作”或“宅”两个音。南方人讹传为“海折”，或者写作“蜡”、“...”的，都不是正确的。刘恂说：福建人叫它...，广东人叫它水母。《异苑》叫它石镜。
【集解】陈藏器说：...虾动
李时珍说：水母形体浑然凝结，颜色红紫，没有口、眼、腹。下面有物体像悬挂的棉絮，群虾附着在上面，吸食它的唾液泡沫，浮游飘荡如同飞翔。被潮水冲拥时，虾散去而...无法回归。人们因此割取它，用锻石、矾水浸泡，去掉血色后就变白了。其中最浓稠的部分，叫做...头，味道更好。生吃、熟吃都可以。
【气味】味咸，性温，无毒。
【主治】妇女劳损，积血带下，小儿风疾丹毒，汤火伤（陈藏器）。
出自《异苑》）。
(From *Haiyao Bencao*)
[Names] Flying Fish.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi stated: It is produced in Hainan. The large ones are about one chi long, with fins aligned with the tail. They fly in schools over the sea. People living by the sea observe them, predicting strong winds.
The *Wu Du Fu* states, "The patterned flying fish flies at night and touches the fishing net," which refers to this fish.
Li Shizhen stated: According to the *Western Mountain Classic*, Guanshui flows west into Liusha, where there are many patterned flying fish. Their shape resembles a carp, with bird wings and a fish body, featuring blue patterns, a white head, and a red beak. They often fly at night, swimming from the West Sea to the East Sea. Their sound is like that of a luan chicken. Their taste is sour and sweet; eating them can cure mania. Their appearance indicates a bumper harvest. The *Linyi Ji* states: The flying fish has a round body, with large ones being over one zhang long, and wings like cicadas. The *Tongzhi* states: Feiyu is produced in the Laoshui of a certain county in Shaanxi, resembling a crucian carp; eating it can cure hemorrhoids.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, sour, non-toxic.
[Indications] For difficult labor in women, burn to charcoal, grind into powder, take one qian with wine, or wear it during the month before delivery to facilitate childbirth (added by Li Shizhen).
(From *Haiyao Bencao*)
[Names] Tunu Fish (from *Lin Hai Ji*).
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi stated: It is produced in the South China Sea. Its head resembles a tiger, its back skin is spiny like a hedgehog, and contact with it feels like a snake bite. There are also cases of transformation into tigers.
Li Shizhen stated: According to the *Juan You Lu*, the bubble fish in the sea is as large as a dou, with spines on its body like a hedgehog, capable of transforming into a porcupine. This is the fish-tiger. The *Shu Yi Ji* states: When old, it transforms into a shark.
[Properties and Flavor] Toxic.
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: In Chen Zangqi's annotations on various fishes, he mentioned that a certain large fish is toxic and can kill people. However, no one recognizes it today.
The *Tang Yun* states: It is an old fish. The *Shan Hai Jing* states: Liguo
(From *Haiyao Bencao*)
[Names] Jellyfish (from *Haiyao Bencao*), Chupu Fish (from *Haiyao Bencao*), Stone Mirror.
Li Shizhen stated: The pronunciation is either "zuo" or "zhai". Southerners mispronounced it as "haizhe", or wrote it as "la" or "...", which are incorrect. Liu Xun said: People in Fujian call it..., while people in Guangdong call it jellyfish. The *Yi Yuan* calls it Stone Mirror.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi stated: ... shrimp move
Li Shizhen stated: The jellyfish has a coherent, condensed form, colored red-purple, without mouth, eyes, or stomach. Below it hangs an object like cotton wadding, upon which groups of shrimp attach themselves, sucking its saliva and foam, floating and drifting as if flying. When pushed by the tide, the shrimp scatter, but the... cannot return. People therefore cut it out, soak it in smelted stone and alum water to remove the blood color, turning it white. The thickest part is called... head, which tastes even better. It can be eaten raw or cooked.
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] For female exhaustion, accumulated blood and leukorrhea, pediatric wind diseases and erysipelas, scalds and burns (Chen Zangqi).
(From *Yi Yuan*).