（《日华》）
【释名】慈鳗（《日华》）、 、狗鱼（《日华》
【集解】《日华》曰∶生东海中。类鳗鲡而大，功
【气味】同鳗鲡。
【主治】治皮肤恶疮疥、疳 、痔 （《日华》。时珍曰∶按李九华云∶狗鱼暖而不补。
即此。
鳝（善）鱼（《别录》上品）
【释名】黄 （音
宗 曰∶鳝腹黄，故世称黄鳝。
时珍曰∶《异苑》作黄 ，云黄胆之名
声，黄鱼也。
【集解】韩保升曰∶鳝鱼生水岸泥窟中。似鳗鲡而细长，亦似蛇而无鳞，有青、黄二色。
时珍曰∶黄质黑章，体多涎沫，大者长二三尺，夏出冬蛰。一种蛇变者名蛇鳝，有毒
害人。南人鬻鳝肆中，以缸贮水，畜数百头。夜以灯照之，其蛇化者，必项下有白点。通身
浮水上，即弃之。或以蒜瓣投于缸中，则群鳝跳掷不已，亦物性相制也。
藏器曰∶作 ，当重煮之，不可用桑柴，亦蛇类也。
弘景曰∶鳝是荇芩根所化，又云死人发所化。今其腹中自有子，不必尽是变化也。
肉
【气味】甘，大温，无毒。思邈曰∶黑者有毒。
弘景曰∶性热能补。时行病后食之，多复。
宗 曰∶动风气。多食，令人霍乱。曾见一郎官食此，吐利几死也。
时珍曰∶按∶《延寿书》云∶多食，发诸疮，亦损人寿。大者，有毒杀人。不可合犬肉
、犬血食之。
【主治】补中益血，疗沈唇（《别录》）。补虚损，妇人产后恶露淋沥，血气不调，羸瘦，
止
二风邪。患湿风、恶气人，作
汤浴之
【附方】新二。
疮蛀烂∶用黄鳝鱼数条打死，香油抹腹，蟠疮上系定，顷则痛不可忍，然后取
下看，腹有针眼皆虫也。未尽更作，后以人胫骨灰，油调搽之。（《奇效》）
肉痔出血∶鳝鱼煮食，其性凉也。（《便民食疗》）
血
（尾上取之）
【主治】涂癣及 （藏器）。
疗口眼 斜，同麝香少许。左 涂右，右 涂左，正即洗去。治耳痛，滴数点入耳。治
鼻衄，滴数点入鼻。治疹后生翳，点少许入目。治赤疵，同蒜汁、墨汁频涂之。又涂赤游风
（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰；鳝善穿穴，无足而窜，与蛇同性，故能走经脉疗十二风邪，及口 、
耳目诸窍之病。风中血脉，则口眼 斜，用血主之，从其类也。
头
（五月五日收）
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】烧服，止痢，主消渴，去冷气，除痞症，食不消（《别录》）。同蛇头
烧灰酒服，治小肠痈有效（《集成》）。百虫入耳，烧研，绵
皮
【主治】妇人乳核硬疼，烧灰空心温酒服（《圣惠》）。
（出自《日华子本草》）
【释名】慈鳗（出自《日华子本草》）、[缺字]、狗鱼（出自《日华子本草》）。
【集解】《日华子本草》记载：生长于东海中。外形类似鳗鲡但体型更大，功效与鳗鲡相同。
【气味】与鳗鲡相同。
【主治】治疗皮肤恶疮、疥癣、疳积、痔疮（出自《日华子本草》）。李时珍按语：据李九华所说：狗鱼性暖但不具补益作用。指的就是这种鱼。
鳝鱼（善鱼）（出自《名医别录》，列为上品）
【释名】黄鳝（音同“团”）。
苏颂曰：鳝鱼腹部呈黄色，所以世人称为黄鳝。
李时珍曰：《异苑》写作“黄团”，说“黄胆”之名源于此，即黄鱼。
【集解】韩保升曰：鳝鱼生活在水岸的泥窟中。形状像鳗鲡但更细长，也像蛇但没有鳞片，有青色和黄色两种颜色。
李时珍曰：身体底色为黄，带有黑色斑纹，体表多黏液，大的长达二三尺，夏季出现，冬季蛰伏。有一种由蛇变化而来的叫蛇鳝，有毒，会伤害人。南方人在售卖鳝鱼的店铺里，用缸盛水，养几百条。晚上用灯照射，那些由蛇变化来的鳝鱼，脖子下面一定有白点。全身浮在水面上，就将其丢弃。或者将蒜瓣投入缸中，群鳝就会不停地跳跃，这也是物性相互制约的缘故。
陈藏器曰：制作鳝鱼菜肴时，应当反复煮制，不能用桑木柴火，因为它也是蛇类。
陶弘景曰：鳝鱼是由荇菜根变化而来，又说是由死人头发变化而来。现在发现它们腹中自有卵，不必全是变化而成的。
【肉·气味】味甘，大温，无毒。孙思邈曰：黑色的鳝鱼有毒。
陶弘景曰：性热，能补益。流行性疾病后食用它，病情容易复发。
苏颂曰：易动风气。多吃会导致霍乱。曾见一位官员吃了这个，呕吐腹泻几乎致死。
李时珍曰：按：《延寿书》说：多吃会诱发各种疮疡，也折损人的寿命。大的鳝鱼有毒，能杀人。不可与狗肉、狗血一起食用。
【主治】补益中气，益血，治疗唇部深疮（出自《名医别录》）。补虚损，治疗妇人产后恶露淋漓不尽、气血不调、身体消瘦，祛除风邪。患有湿风、恶气的人，用鳝鱼汤洗浴。
【附方】新收录两则。
疮口蛀烂：用几条黄鳝鱼打死，抹上香油，盘绕在疮口上固定好，一会儿痛得难以忍受，然后取下查看，鳝鱼腹部有针眼大小的孔洞，都是虫子。如果没除尽再作一次，之后用人胫骨骨灰，用油调匀涂抹。（出自《奇效良方》）
肉痔出血：煮食鳝鱼，其性凉。（出自《便民食疗》）
【主治】涂抹治疗癣及[缺字]（出自陈藏器）。
治疗口眼歪斜，配合少许麝香。左侧歪斜涂右侧，右侧歪斜涂左侧，恢复正常后立即洗去。治疗耳痛，滴几滴入耳。治疗鼻衄（鼻出血），滴几滴入鼻。治疗痘疹后生翳，点少许入目。治疗赤疵（面部红斑），配合蒜汁、墨汁频繁涂抹。又可用于涂抹赤游风（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍曰：鳝鱼善于穿穴，无足而爬行，与蛇同性，所以能疏通经脉，治疗十二风邪，以及口、眼、耳、目等诸窍的疾病。风邪侵入血脉，导致口眼歪斜，用鳝鱼血来主治，这是取其同类相从的道理。
【头】（五月五日采收）
【气味】味甘，平，无毒。
【主治】烧成灰服用，止痢，主治消渴，去除冷气，消除痞症，帮助消化（出自《名医别录》）。与蛇头一起烧成灰，用酒送服，治疗小肠痈有效（出自《医方集成》）。百虫进入耳朵，烧研成粉，用绵皮包裹塞入。
【皮】
【主治】妇人乳核硬痛，烧成灰，空腹用温酒送服（出自《圣惠方》）。
(From *Ri Hua Ben Cao*)
[Nomenclature] Ci Man (from *Ri Hua Ben Cao*), [Missing Character], Gou Yu (Dog Fish) (from *Ri Hua Ben Cao*).
[Collected Explanations] *Ri Hua Ben Cao* states: It lives in the East Sea. It resembles *Manli* (Eel) but is larger, and its therapeutic efficacy is the same as that of *Manli*.
[Flavor and Properties] Same as *Manli* (Eel).
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats malignant skin sores, scabies, childhood malnutrition with abdominal distension (Gan Ji), and hemorrhoids (from *Ri Hua Ben Cao*). Li Shizhen notes: According to Li Jiu Hua, "Gou Yu has a warming nature but lacks tonifying properties." This refers to this fish.
Eel (Shan Yu) (from *Ming Yi Bie Lu*, listed as Upper Grade)
[Nomenclature] Huang Shan (Yellow Eel) (pronunciation similar to "Tuan").
Su Song states: The abdomen of the eel is yellow, hence it is commonly called Huang Shan (Yellow Eel).
Li Shizhen states: *Yi Yuan* writes it as "Huang Tuan," stating that the name "Huang Dan" originates from this, referring to the yellow fish.
[Collected Explanations] Han Baosheng states: Eels live in mud burrows at the water's edge. They resemble *Manli* (Eels) but are thinner and longer, also resembling snakes but without scales; they come in green and yellow colors.
Li Shizhen states: The body base color is yellow with black markings, covered in mucus. Large ones can be two to three chi long. They emerge in summer and hibernate in winter. There is a variety transformed from snakes called She Shan (Snake Eel), which is toxic and harmful to humans. In southern regions, vendors keep hundreds of eels in water-filled jars. At night, they illuminate them with lamps; those transformed from snakes will have white spots on their necks. They float entirely on the water surface and are discarded. Alternatively, garlic cloves are thrown into the jar, causing the eels to jump incessantly, demonstrating the mutual restraint of natural natures.
Chen Cangqi states: When preparing eel, it should be boiled repeatedly. Mulberry wood fire should not be used, as it is also a snake species.
Tao Hongjing states: Eels are said to transform from Xing Qin roots, or from human hair. However, since they naturally carry eggs in their bellies, not all are products of transformation.
[Flesh · Flavor and Properties] Sweet, very warm, non-toxic. Sun Simiao states: Black eels are toxic.
Tao Hongjing states: Its hot nature is tonifying. Consuming it after an epidemic disease often leads to relapse.
Su Song states: It stirs up wind pathogenic factors. Overconsumption causes Huo Luan (Cholera-like syndrome). I once witnessed an official who ate this and suffered vomiting and diarrhea nearly to death.
Li Shizhen states: According to *Yan Shou Shu*: Overconsumption triggers various sores and shortens lifespan. Large eels are toxic and can cause death. Do not consume together with dog meat or dog blood.
[Therapeutic Actions] Tonifies the Middle Jiao (Central Digestive System), benefits blood, treats deep ulcers of the lips (from *Ming Yi Bie Lu*). Tonifies deficiency and damage, treats postpartum lochia dripping in women, irregular Qi and Blood, emaciation, and expels Wind pathogens. For those suffering from Damp-Wind or noxious Qi, bathing in eel decoction is recommended.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Ulceration and Rotting Sores: Kill several yellow eels, smear their bellies with sesame oil, coil them onto the sore, and secure them. After a moment, the pain becomes unbearable, then remove them. Inspect the belly for needle-eye holes, which indicate worms. Repeat if necessary. Afterwards, apply human tibia bone ash mixed with oil to the area (from *Qi Xiao Liang Fang*).
Fleshy Hemorrhoids Bleeding: Boil and eat eel; its nature is cool (from *Bian Min Shi Liao*).
[Blood] (Obtained from the tail)
[Therapeutic Actions] Apply to treat Tinea and [Missing Character] (from Chen Cangqi).
Treat facial paralysis (Kou Yan Xie Pi): Mix with a small amount of Moschus (She Xiang). Apply to the right side if the left is paralyzed, and to the left if the right is paralyzed. Wash off immediately upon correction. Treat earache by dripping a few drops into the ear. Treat Epistaxis (Bi Nu) by dripping a few drops into the nose. Treat corneal opacity after smallpox/rash by applying a few drops to the eye. Treat facial erythema (Chi Ci) by frequently applying with garlic juice and ink juice. Also applicable for treating Chi You Feng (Red Roaming Wind) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Eels are good at burrowing and crawling without feet, sharing the same nature as snakes. Therefore, they can unblock meridians and treat the Twelve Wind Pathogens, as well as diseases of the mouth, eyes, ears, and other orifices. When Wind pathogen invades the blood vessels, causing facial paralysis, Eel Blood is used as the primary treatment, following the principle of treating like with like.
[Head] (Harvested on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Burn to ash and ingest to stop dysentery, treat Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst/Diabetes), expel cold Qi, eliminate Plague Syndromes (Pi Zheng), and aid digestion (from *Ming Yi Bie Lu*). Burn together with Snake Head to ash, take with wine to treat Small Intestine Abscess effectively (from *Yi Fang Ji Cheng*). For insects entering the ear, burn, grind into powder, and pack with cotton wick.
[Skin]
[Therapeutic Actions] For hard, painful breast nodules in women, burn to ash, take with warm wine on an empty stomach (from *Sheng Hui Fang*).