（《别录》中品）
【释名】白鳝（《纲目》）、蛇鱼（《纲目》）
时珍曰∶鳗鲡旧注音漫黎。按∶许慎《说文》，鲡与鳢同。赵辟公《杂录》亦云∶此鱼
有雄无雌，以影漫于鳢鱼，则其子皆附于鳢 而生，故谓之鳗鲡
曰蛇，曰鳝，象形也。
【集解】颂曰∶所在有之。似鳝而腹大，青黄色。云是蛟蜃之属，善攻江岸，人酷畏之。
诜曰∶歙州溪潭中出一种背有五色纹者，头似蝮蛇。入药最胜。江河中难得五色者。
时珍曰∶鳗鲡，其状如蛇，背有肉鬣连尾，无鳞有舌，腹白
背有黄脉者，名金丝鳗鲡
通。
【正误】弘景曰∶鳗鲡能缘树食藤花。
恭曰∶鲵鱼能上树。鳗无足，安能上树耶？谬说也。
肉
【气味】甘，平，有毒。
思邈曰∶大温。
士良曰∶寒。
宗 曰∶动风。
吴瑞曰∶腹下有黑斑者，毒甚。与银杏同食，患软风。
机曰∶小者可食。重四、五斤及水行昂头者，不可食。尝见舟人食之，七口皆死。
时珍曰∶按∶《夷坚续志》云∶四目者杀人。背有白点无鳃者，不可食。妊娠食之，令
胎有疾。
【主治】五痔疮 ，杀诸虫（《别录》。诜曰∶痔 熏之虫即死。杀诸虫，烧炙为末，空
腹食，三、五度即瘥）。治恶疮，女人阴疮虫痒，治传尸疰气
疗湿香港脚，腰肾间湿风痹，常如水洗。以五味煮食，甚补益。患诸疮 疡风人，宜长食之
（孟诜）。治小儿疳劳，及虫心痛（时珍）。妇人带下，疗一切风瘙如虫行，又
不能为害（张鼎）。
【发明】颂曰∶鱼虽有毒，以五味煮羹，能补虚损，及久病劳瘵。
时珍曰∶鳗鲡所主诸病，其功专在杀虫去风耳。与蛇同类，故主治近之。《稽神录》云∶
有人病瘵，相传染死者数人。取病者置棺中，弃于江
一女子，犹活。取置渔舍，每以鳗鲡食之，遂愈。因为渔人之妻。张鼎云∶烧烟熏蚊，令化
为水。熏毡及屋舍竹木，断蛀虫。置骨于衣箱，断诸蠹。观此，则《别录》所谓能杀诸虫之
说，益可证矣。
【附方】旧三。
诸虫心痛，多吐清水∶鳗鲡淡煮，饱食三、五度，即瘥。（《外台》）
骨蒸劳瘦∶用鳗鲡二
肠风下虫∶同上。
膏
【主治】诸 疮（陶弘景）。耳中虫痛
曝干微炙取油，涂白驳风，即时色转，五、七度便瘥（宗 。《集验方》云∶白驳生头
面上，浸淫渐长似癣者。刮令燥痛，
骨及头
【主治】炙研入药，治疳痢肠风崩带。烧灰敷恶疮。烧熏痔 ，杀
【附方】旧一。
一切恶疮 用蛇鱼骨炙为末，入诸色膏药中贴之，外以纸护之。（《经验》）
血
【主治】疮疹入眼生翳，以少许点之（时珍）。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】白鳝（出自《本草纲目》）、蛇鱼（出自《本草纲目》）
李时珍说：鳗鲡旧时的注音为“漫黎”。查考许慎的《说文解字》，鲡与鳢是同一个字。赵辟公在《杂录》中也说：这种鱼有雄无雌，通过影子与鳢鱼交合，其子便都附着在鳢鱼身上生长，所以称为鳗鲡。叫它“蛇”或“鳝”，是形容它的形状像蛇。
【集解】苏颂说：各地都有出产。外形像鳝鱼但腹部较大，颜色青黄。有人说它是蛟龙蜃类动物，善于侵蚀江岸，人们非常畏惧它。
陈藏器说：歙州的溪潭中有一种背部有五色花纹的，头部像蝮蛇。入药效果最好。江河中的鳗鲡很难见到有五色花纹的。
李时珍说：鳗鲡的形状像蛇，背部有肉质的鳍一直连到尾巴，没有鳞片但有舌头，腹部白色。背部有黄色脉络的，名叫金丝鳗鲡。
【正误】陶弘景说：鳗鲡能爬树吃藤花。
苏恭说：大鲵（娃娃鱼）能上树。鳗鲡没有脚，怎么能上树呢？这是荒谬的说法。
【气味】味甘，性平，有毒。
孙思邈说：性大温。
孟诜说：性寒。
陈承说：动风（诱发风疾）。
吴瑞说：腹部有黑斑的，毒性很大。与银杏同食，会患软风病。
寇宗奭说：小的可以吃。体重四、五斤以及在水中游动时昂头的，不可食用。我曾见过船夫吃了之后，七口人都死了。
李时珍说：查考《夷坚续志》记载：长有四只眼睛的会杀人。背部有白点且没有鳃的，不可食用。孕妇食用，会导致胎儿患病。
【主治】治疗五种痔疮，杀灭各种寄生虫（出自《名医别录》。陈藏器说：用烟熏痔疮，虫子就会死。杀灭各种寄生虫，将其烧炙研成末，空腹服用，三、五次即可痊愈）。治疗恶疮，妇女阴部生疮瘙痒，治疗传尸疰气（一种慢性消耗性传染病），治疗湿脚气，腰肾部位的湿风痹痛，感觉常像水洗一样难受。用五味调料煮食，补益作用很大。患有各种疮疡风疹的人，适宜长期食用（孟诜）。治疗小儿疳积劳热，以及虫心痛（李时珍）。妇女带下病，治疗一切风疹瘙痒如虫行感，又不会造成伤害（张鼎）。
【发明】苏颂说：鱼虽然有毒，但用五味调料煮羹，能补虚损，以及久病导致的劳瘵（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病）。
李时珍说：鳗鲡所主治的各种疾病，其功效主要在于杀虫祛风罢了。它与蛇同类，所以主治功能相近。《稽神录》记载：有人患痨病，传染死了几个人。将病人放入棺材，丢弃在江中。有一个女子还活着，被人救起放在渔舍，每次用鳗鲡喂她，于是痊愈了。后来她成了渔人的妻子。张鼎说：燃烧鳗鲡产生的烟熏蚊子，能使蚊子化为水。熏蒸毡毯及房屋竹木，能断绝蛀虫。将骨头放在衣箱里，能断绝各种蠹虫。看这些情况，那么《名医别录》所说的能杀灭各种寄生虫的说法，更加可以证实了。
【附方】原有三方。
各种虫心痛，多吐清水：将鳗鲡淡煮，吃饱后服用三、五次，即可痊愈。（出自《外台秘要》）
骨蒸劳瘦（结核病引起的消瘦发热）：使用鳗鲡二……（原文此处似有缺漏，依上下文推测为制法或用量，此处仅译可见部分）
肠风下血/虫：同上。
【主治】各种疮疡（陶弘景）。耳中虫痛……（原文此处排版混乱，结合下文“曝干微炙取油”推测为鳗鲡骨或肉的用法，但标签明确指向“骨”的主治前文缺失，此处依原文结构翻译可见部分）
晒干微烤取油，涂抹白驳风（白癜风），即时颜色转变，五、七次即可痊愈（陈承。《集验方》说：白驳风生于头面上，浸淫渐长像癣一样的。刮破令其干燥疼痛……骨及头……）
【主治】炙烤研末入药，治疗疳痢、肠风、崩漏带下。烧成灰敷贴恶疮。烧烟熏痔疮，杀灭……
【附方】原有一方。
一切恶疮：用蛇鱼骨炙烤研成末，加入各种颜色的膏药中贴敷，外面用纸保护。（出自《经验方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Names] White Eel (*Bai Shan*, from *Bencao Gangmu*); Snake Fish (*She Yu*, from *Bencao Gangmu*).
Li Shizhen stated: The ancient pronunciation for Manli (Eel) was "Man Li". According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*, "Li" (鲡) is identical to "Li" (鳢, snakehead fish). Zhao Bigong also wrote in *Zalu*: This fish has males but no females; it mates with the shadow of the snakehead fish, and its offspring attach themselves to the snakehead fish to grow. Hence it is called Manli. It is called "Snake" or "Eel" because of its shape resembling a snake.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song said: It is found everywhere. It resembles an eel but has a larger abdomen, and is yellowish-green. It is said to belong to the category of dragons and water spirits, good at eroding riverbanks, and people fear it greatly.
Chen Cangqi said: In the streams and pools of Shezhou, there is a type with five-colored patterns on its back and a head resembling a viper. It is best for medicinal use. Those with five-colored patterns are rare in rivers and lakes.
Li Shizhen said: The eel resembles a snake, has a fleshy fin connecting to the tail, lacks scales but has a tongue, and is white on the belly. Those with yellow veins on the back are named Golden-thread Eel (*Jinsi Manli*).
[Correction of Errors] Tao Hongjing said: Eels can climb trees to eat vine flowers.
Su Gong said: Giant salamanders (*Ni Yu*) can climb trees. Eels have no feet, how can they climb trees? This is a fallacious statement.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, toxic.
Sun Simiao said: Greatly warm.
Meng Xian said: Cold.
Chen Cheng said: Induces wind (triggers wind-related disorders).
Wu Rui said: Those with black spots on the belly are highly toxic. Consuming them with ginkgo nuts causes soft wind disease.
Kou Zongshi said: Small ones can be eaten. Those weighing four or five jin, or those that raise their heads while swimming in water, should not be eaten. I once saw boatmen who ate them, and all seven died.
Li Shizhen said: According to *Yijian Xuzhi*, those with four eyes kill humans. Those with white spots on the back and no gills should not be eaten. If pregnant women consume them, it causes diseases in the fetus.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats five types of hemorrhoids, kills various parasites (*Mingyi Bielu*. Chen Cangqi said: Smoking the hemorrhoids kills the worms. To kill various parasites, roast and powder it, take on an empty stomach, three to five times will cure it.). Treats malignant sores, vaginal sores with itching caused by parasites, treats transmission corpse and zombie qi (a chronic consumptive infectious disease), treats damp gout, damp-wind bi syndrome in the waist and kidneys (feeling as if washed by water). Boil and eat with five flavors, very nourishing. People suffering from various sores and wind rashes should eat it long-term (Meng Xian). Treats pediatric gan-accumulation and labor heat, and worm-induced heart pain (Li Shizhen). Treats leukorrhea in women, cures all kinds of wind rashes feeling like insects crawling, and does no harm (Zhang Ding).
[Elucidation] Su Song said: Although the fish is toxic, boiling it into soup with five flavors can tonify deficiency and damage, and treat chronic labor-zhai (consumptive diseases like tuberculosis).
Li Shizhen said: The efficacy of eel in treating various diseases lies specifically in killing parasites and dispelling wind. Being similar to snakes, its therapeutic actions are close. *Jishen Lu* records: Someone suffered from consumption, infecting and killing several people. The patient was placed in a coffin and thrown into the river. A young woman survived, was taken to a fishing hut, and fed eel each time, eventually recovering. She later became the fisherman's wife. Zhang Ding said: Burning smoke repels mosquitoes, turning them into water. Smelting felt and bamboo/wood in houses eliminates woodworms. Placing bones in clothes chests eliminates bookworms. Observing this, the statement in *Mingyi Bielu* about killing various parasites is further verified.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions.
Various worm-induced heart pain, often vomiting clear fluid: Boil eel lightly without strong seasoning, eat until full, three to five times will cure it. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Bone-steaming consumption and emaciation: Use two eels... (Text fragment)
Intestinal wind with bleeding/worms: Same as above.
[Therapeutic Actions] Various sores (Tao Hongjing). Ear pain caused by insects... Dry and slightly roast to extract oil, apply to Baibofeng (Vitiligo), color changes immediately, cures in five to seven applications (Chen Cheng. *Jiyan Fang* says: Baibofeng appears on the face, spreads gradually like tinea. Scrape until dry and painful... bone and head...)
[Therapeutic Actions] Roast and grind for medicine, treats gan-dysentery, intestinal wind, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea. Burn to ash and apply to malignant sores. Burn and smoke hemorrhoids, kill...
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
All malignant sores: Roast snake fish bones to powder, mix into various colored plasters and apply, protect externally with paper. (*Jingyan Fang*)
[Therapeutic Actions] For herpes zoster entering the eye causing corneal opacity, apply a small amount (Li Shizhen).