（毛、俚、来三音。《纲目》
【释名】毛犀（《广志》）、猫牛（《汉书注》）
梦录》） 牛（音抽）。
时珍曰∶ 者髦也，其髦可为旌旄也。其体多长毛，而身角如犀，故曰毛犀。《汲
书》作 牛，颜师古作猫牛，《尔雅》作 牛，音皆相近也。《山海经》
牛，因角理如竹也。或云竹即
也。状如犀而角
【集解】时珍曰∶ 牛出西南徼外，居深山中野牛也。状及毛、尾俱同 牛， 小而
大，有重千斤者。其尾名曰 ，亦可为旌
荆山多 牛。郭璞注云∶ 牛之
甚长而黄黑相间，制弓极劲。彼
角之花斑，皆类山犀，
而之毛尾胜
【附录】 牛（音危） 又名夔牛。如牛而大，肉重数千斤，出
牛 《广志》云∶出日南及浔州大宾县。色青黄，与蛇同穴。性嗜盐，人裹手
涂盐取之。其角如玉，可为器。
海牛 《齐地志》云∶出登州海岛中。形似牛，鼍脚 毛。其皮甚软，可供百用。
脂可燃灯。《寰宇志》名潜牛，《广志》名 牛。
月支牛 《玄中记》云∶出西胡及大月氏国。今日割取肉，明日其创即复合也。
山牛 状如牛，而角有枝，如鹿茸。
角
【气味】酸、咸，凉，无毒。
【主治】惊痫热毒，诸血病（时珍）。
黄
【气味】原缺。
【主治】惊痫癫狂。
【发明】时珍曰∶ 牛亦有黄，彼人以乱牛黄，但坚而不香，云功用亦相近也。其角亦
可乱犀，但无粟纹，苏颂《图经》误以为牯犀角者是也。亦可用，而功不及犀，《昨梦录》、
《格古论》说之详矣。
（“犛”字读音同“毛”、“俚”、“来”。出自《纲目》及《梦溪笔谈》）
【释名】犛牛（出自《广志》）、猫牛（出自《汉书注》）。
李时珍说：“犛”就是“髦”，它的长毛可以做旗帜的装饰。这种牛身体多长毛，角像犀牛，所以叫它“毛犀”。《汲冢书》写作“犛牛”，颜师古写作“猫牛”，《尔雅》写作“犛牛”，读音都相近。《山海经》提到“犛牛”，是因为角的纹理像竹子。有人说“竹”就是“犛”。形状像犀牛而角……
【集解】李时珍说：犛牛出产于西南边陲之外，是居住在深山林野中的野牛。其形态、毛发和尾巴都与牦牛相同，但犛牛体型较小，而有重达千斤者。它的尾巴名叫“犛尾”，也可以用来做旗帜装饰。荆山一带多产犛牛。郭璞注释说：犛牛的角非常长且黄黑相间，制作弓弩极有弹性。那些角上有花斑的，都像山犀，而犛牛的毛和尾巴胜过它们。
【附录】氂牛（音同“危”），又名夔牛。像牛一样大，肉重数千斤，出产于……（此处原文似有脱漏或排版错乱，结合上下文推测指犛牛产地或特性）。《广志》说：出产于日南及浔州大宾县。颜色青黄，与蛇同穴居住。性喜吃盐，人把手裹上涂了盐的东西去引诱捕捉它。它的角像玉，可以做器具。
海牛 《齐地志》说：出产于登州的海岛中。形状像牛，脚像鳄鱼，有毛。它的皮很软，可供百种用途。脂肪可以燃烧点灯。《寰宇志》称它为“潜牛”，《广志》称它为“氂牛”。
月支牛 《玄中记》说：出产于西胡及大月氏国。今天割取它的肉，明天伤口就会愈合。
山牛 形状像牛，角分枝，像鹿茸。
【气味】酸、咸，凉，无毒。
黄牛 【气味】原本缺失。
【发明】李时珍说：犛牛也有黄色的，有人用犛牛黄冒充牛黄，但质地坚硬且不香，据说功效也相近。犛牛角也可以冒充犀角，但没有粟纹，苏颂在《图经》中误认为是牯犀角的就是这种情况。犛牛角也可以使用，但功效不如犀角，《昨梦录》、《格古论》对此说得详细了。
(Máo, lǐ, lái are three pronunciations. [From *Bencao Gangmu*]
[Names] Limu (from *Guangzhi*), Maoniu (from *Commentary on the Book of Han*).
Limu (pronounced Chou).
Li Shizhen said: "Limu" refers to long hair; its long hair can be used for banners and standards. Its body has much long hair, and its horns resemble those of a rhinoceros, hence it is called "Maoxi" (Hairy Rhino). The *Jizhong Shu* writes it as "Limu Niu", Yan Shigu writes it as "Maoniu", and the *Erya* writes it as "Limu Niu"; their pronunciations are all similar. The *Shanhai Jing* mentions "Limu Niu" because the texture of its horn resembles bamboo. Some say that "Zhu" (Bamboo) is actually "Limu". Its appearance is like a rhinoceros, and its horn...
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Limu Niu originates from beyond the southwestern borders; it is a wild ox dwelling in deep mountains and forests. Its form, hair, and tail are identical to those of the Yak (*Bos grunniens*), but Limu Niu is smaller in size, though some individuals weigh up to a thousand *jin*. Its tail is named "Limu Wei" and can also be used to make banner decorations. There are many Limu Niu in Jing Mountain. Guo Pu noted in his commentary: The horns of Limu Niu are very long and yellow-black striped, making them extremely strong for bow-making. Those with spotted patterns on their horns resemble mountain rhinos, while the hair and tail of Limu Niu surpass them.
[Appendix] Mao Niu (pronounced Wei), also known as Kui Niu. It is large like an ox, with meat weighing thousands of *jin*, originating from... [Text appears fragmented here]. *Guangzhi* states: It originates from Rinnan and Dabin County in Xunzhou. Its color is greenish-yellow, and it shares burrows with snakes. It has a craving for salt; people wrap their hands in salt-coated materials to catch it. Its horns are like jade and can be made into vessels.
Hai Niu (Sea Ox) *Qidi Zhi* states: It originates from islands in Dengzhou. Its shape resembles an ox, with feet like a crocodile and covered in hair. Its skin is very soft and suitable for a hundred uses. Its fat can be burned as lamp oil. *Huanyu Zhi* calls it "Qian Niu", and *Guangzhi* calls it "Mao Niu".
Yuezhi Niu *Xuanzhong Ji* states: It originates from the Western Hu and the Kingdom of Dayuezhi. If its flesh is cut today, the wound will heal by tomorrow.
Shanniu (Mountain Ox) Resembles an ox, with branched horns like deer antlers.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, salty, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Convulsive febrile diseases and heat toxins, various blood disorders (Li Shizhen).
Huangniu (Yellow Ox) [Flavor and Toxicity] Originally missing.
[Indications] Convulsions, epilepsy, and mania.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Limu Niu also comes in yellow varieties. Some people use Limu Niu gallstones to pass off as Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), but they are hard and lack fragrance, though their efficacy is said to be similar. Limu Niu horns can also be passed off as Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn), but they lack the "millet grain" texture. Su Song mistakenly identified them as Guxi Jiao (Male Rhino Horn) in his *Tujing*. They can be used, but their efficacy does not match that of Rhinoceros Horn. This is discussed in detail in *Zuomeng Lu* and *Gegu Lun*.