（《本经》下品）
【释名】扁特（《唐本》）、扁毒（《唐本》）
【集解】《别录》曰∶牛扁生桂阳川谷。
弘景曰∶今人不复识此。
恭曰∶此药似堇草、石龙芮辈，根如秦艽而细，生平泽下湿地。田野人名为牛扁，疗牛
虱甚效。太常名扁特，或名扁毒。
保升曰∶今出宁州。叶似石龙芮、附子等。二月、八月采根，日干。
颂曰∶今潞州一种名便特。六月有花，八月结实。采其根苗，捣末油调，
杀虮虱。主疗大都相似，疑即扁特也，但声近而字讹耳。
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】身皮疮热气，可作浴汤。杀牛虱小虫，又疗牛病（《本经》）。
【附录】虱建草（《拾遗》）
藏器曰∶苦，无毒。主虮虱， 汁沐头，虱尽死。人有误吞虱成病者，捣汁服一小合
。亦主诸虫疮。生山足湿地。发叶似山丹，微赤，高一、二尺。又有水竹叶，生水中。叶如
竹叶而短小，可生食，亦去虮虱。
（ ，音寻。宋《图经》）
【释名】毛KT 。
时珍曰∶ 字，本作KT 。杜子美有除KT 草诗，是也。
【集解】颂曰∶ 麻生江宁府山野中。
时珍曰∶川黔诸处甚多。其茎有刺，高二、三尺。叶似花桑，或青或紫。背紫者入药。
上有毛芒可畏，触人如蜂虿螫 ，以人溺濯之即解。有花无实，冒冬不凋。 投水中，
能毒鱼。
【气味】辛、苦，寒，有大毒。吐利人不止。
【主治】蛇毒，捣涂之（苏颂）。风疹初起，以此点之，一夜皆失（时珍）。
【释名】扁特（出自《唐本草》）、扁毒（出自《唐本草》）
【集解】《名医别录》记载：牛扁生长在桂阳的山谷中。
陶弘景说：如今的人不再认识这种药了。
苏恭说：这种药类似于堇草、石龙芮这类植物，根部像秦艽但较细，生长在平原沼泽的低洼湿地。田野里的人叫它牛扁，治疗牛身上的虱子非常有效。太常寺称为扁特，或者叫扁毒。
郑保升说：现在出产于宁州。叶子像石龙芮、附子等。二月和八月采集根部，晒干。
苏颂说：现在潞州有一种名叫便特。六月开花，八月结果。采集它的根和苗，捣碎成粉末用油调和，可以杀灭虮子和虱子。主要疗效大多相似，怀疑就是扁特，只是读音相近而字形讹误罢了。
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】身体皮肤疮疡热气，可以制作成洗浴用的汤剂。能杀死牛身上的虱子和小虫，又能治疗牛的疾病（出自《神农本草经》）。
【附录】虱建草（出自《新修本草拾遗》）
陈藏器说：味苦，无毒。主治虮子和虱子，取汁液洗头，虱子全部死亡。有人误吞虱子导致生病的，捣汁服用一小合。也主治各种虫咬疮。生长在山地脚下的湿地。发芽长叶像山丹，颜色微红，高一到二尺。还有一种水竹叶，生长在水中。叶子像竹叶但短小，可以生吃，也能去除虮子和虱子。
（“寻”字，音同“寻”。见宋代《图经本草》）
【释名】毛KT（此处指苍耳或类似带刺植物，原文字符显示问题，依语境译为带刺植物）。
李时珍说：“寻”字，原本写作“KT”。杜甫有《除KT草诗》，指的就是这个。
【集解】苏颂说：麻（此处指苍耳/藜芦类有毒植物，结合下文“有大毒”、“毒鱼”，实为藜芦或类似剧毒植物，但原文标题为“麻”，且描述特征如“茎有刺”、“冒冬不凋”、“投水中能毒鱼”更符合**藜芦**或**雷公藤**等特征，然古籍中“麻”有时通假或误植，此处忠实翻译原文“麻”）生长在江宁府的山野中。
李时珍说：川黔各地非常多。它的茎上有刺，高两三尺。叶子像花桑树，颜色有的青有的紫。背面紫色的入药。上面有毛刺令人畏惧，碰到人就像蜂蝎蜇一样，用人尿清洗就能解毒。有花没有果实，过冬也不凋谢。投入水中，能毒死鱼。
[Names] Biante (from *Tang Bencao*), Biandu (from *Tang Bencao*)
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Niubian grows in the valleys of Guiyang.
Hongjing says: People today no longer recognize this herb.
Gong says: This herb resembles plants such as Jincao (Violet Herb) and Shilongrui (Ranunculus ternatus). Its root is similar to Qinjiao (Gentiana macrophylla) but thinner, growing in the low-lying wetlands of plains and marshes. People in the fields call it Niubian; it is very effective for treating lice on cattle. The Taichang Temple calls it Biante, or sometimes Biandu.
Baosheng says: It is currently produced in Ningzhou. The leaves resemble those of Shilongrui and Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii). The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun.
Song says: There is a variety called Biantai in Luzhou. It flowers in June and bears fruit in August. The roots and seedlings are harvested, ground into powder, mixed with oil, and used to kill nits and lice. The main therapeutic effects are largely similar; I suspect it is indeed Biante, merely differing in pronunciation and having a corrupted character form.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Main Indications] Heat and qi associated with skin sores and ulcers; can be prepared as a bathing decoction. Kills lice and small insects on cattle; also treats diseases in cattle (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Appendix] Shijiancao (from *Shiyi*)
Cangqi says: Bitter, non-toxic. Mainly treats nits and lice. Juice applied to wash the head kills all lice. If someone accidentally swallows lice and becomes ill, crushed juice taken orally in a quantity of one xiaohe is effective. It also treats various insect-bite sores. Grows in the wetlands at the foot of mountains. Leaves resemble Shandan (Lilium lancifolium), slightly reddish, growing one to two chi high. There is also a water bamboo leaf (Shuizhuye) that grows in water. The leaves are like bamboo leaves but shorter and smaller; they can be eaten raw and also remove nits and lice.
(The character "Xun", pronounced "xun". See Song Dynasty *Tujing*)
[Names] Mao KT (Referring to a prickly plant, likely Veratrum or similar, based on context).
Shizhen says: The character "Xun" was originally written as "KT". Du Fu wrote a poem titled "Removing KT Grass," which refers to this.
[Collection and Explanation] Song says: Ma grows in the mountains and wilds of Jiangning Prefecture.
Shizhen says: It is very abundant in Sichuan and Guizhou. Its stems have thorns and grow two to three chi high. The leaves resemble those of Hua Sang (Mulberry), varying in color from green to purple. Those with purple undersides are used medicinally. They possess formidable prickles that sting the skin like bee or scorpion stings; washing with human urine resolves the toxicity. It has flowers but no seeds, and does not wither even in winter. When thrown into water, it can poison fish.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, bitter, cold, highly toxic. Causes persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
[Main Indications] Snake venom: crush and apply topically (Su Song). Early-stage Fengzhen (Wind Rash/Urticaria): apply as a spot treatment; symptoms disappear overnight (Shizhen).