（音艮，《拾遗》）
【校正】并入毛建草。
【释名】毛建草（《拾遗》）、水茛
自灸（《纲目》）、猴蒜。
时珍曰∶茛，乃草乌头之苗，此草形状及毒皆似之，故名。《肘后方》谓之水茛。
又名毛建，亦茛字音讹也。俗名毛堇，似水堇而有毛也。山人截疟，采叶 贴寸口，一
夜作泡如火燎，故呼为天灸、自灸。
【集解】藏器曰∶陶注钩吻云∶或者毛茛。苏恭云∶毛茛，是有毛石龙芮也。有毒，与
钩吻无干。葛洪《百一方》云∶菜中有水茛，叶圆而光，生水旁，有毒，蟹多食之。人误食
之，狂乱如中风状，或吐血，以甘草汁解之。又曰∶毛建草，生江东地，田野泽畔。叶如芥
而大，上有毛。花黄色。子如蒺藜。
时珍曰∶毛建、毛茛即今毛堇也，下湿处即多。春生苗，高者尺余，一枝三叶，叶有三
尖及细缺。与石龙芮茎叶一样，但有细毛为别。四、五月开小黄花，五出，甚光艳。结实状
如欲绽青桑椹，如有尖峭，与石龙芮子不同。人以为鹅不食草者，大误也。方士取汁煮砂伏
硫。沈存中《笔谈》所谓石龙芮有两种∶水生者叶光而末圆；陆生者叶毛而末锐。此即叶毛
者，宜辨之。
叶及子
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
【主治】恶疮痈肿，疼痛未溃，捣叶敷之，不得入疮令肉烂。又患疟人，以一握微
碎，缚于臂上，男左女右，勿令近肉，即便成疮。和姜捣涂腹，破冷气（藏器）。
【附录】海姜、阴命
藏器曰∶陶注钩吻云∶海姜生海中，赤色，状如石龙芮，有大毒。又曰∶阴命生海中，
赤色，着木悬其子，有大毒。今无的识者。
（“茛”读音为艮，出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】毛建草（出自《本草拾遗》）、水茛、自灸（出自《本草纲目》）、猴蒜。
李时珍说：茛，是草乌头（Aconitum carmichaelii 的幼苗）的苗，这种草的形状和毒性都与草乌头相似，所以得名。《肘后备急方》称它为水茛。又名为毛建，这也是“茛”字音误造成的。俗名叫毛堇，因为形状像水堇但表面有毛。山中人用它来截断疟疾，采摘叶子贴在寸口穴，一夜之间就会起水泡，感觉像火烧一样，所以称之为天灸、自灸。
【集解】陶弘景的弟子藏器说：陶弘景在注释钩吻（Gelsemium elegans）时提到：或许就是毛茛。苏恭说：毛茛，就是有毛的石龙芮（Ranunculus japonicus）。它有毒，与钩吻没有关系。葛洪在《百一方》中说：蔬菜中有水茛，叶子圆而光亮，生长在水边，有毒，螃蟹多吃它就会中毒。人如果误食，会狂乱得像中风的样子，或者吐血，用甘草汁可以解毒。又说：毛建草，生长在江东地区，田野和水泽旁边。叶子像芥菜但更大，上面有毛。花是黄色的。果实像蒺藜。
李时珍说：毛建、毛茛就是现在的毛堇，在潮湿低洼的地方很多。春天生苗，高的有一尺多，一枝三片叶，叶子有三个尖头和细小的缺刻。与石龙芮的茎叶一样，只是有细毛作为区别。四、五月开小黄花，五瓣，非常光艳。结出的果实形状像快要开放的青桑葚，如果有尖锐的边缘，与石龙芮的果实不同。有人把它当作鹅不食草（Centipeda minima），这是大错特错的。方士取它的汁液煮砂矿、伏硫磺。沈括在《笔谈》中说石龙芮有两种：水生的叶子光滑且末端圆；陆生的叶子有毛且末端锐利。这就是叶子有毛的那种，应当辨别清楚。
叶及子
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
【主治】恶疮痈肿，疼痛尚未溃破，捣烂叶子敷在上面，不能让药汁进入疮口导致肌肉腐烂。又有患疟疾的人，抓一把叶子稍微弄碎，绑在手臂上，男性左臂，女性右臂，不要让叶子直接接触皮肤，很快就会起泡。与生姜一起捣烂涂在腹部，可以破除冷气（出自藏器）。
藏器说：陶弘景在注释钩吻时提到：海姜生长在海中，呈赤色，形状像石龙芮，有大毒。又说：阴命生长在海中，呈赤色，附着在木头上悬挂着它的果实，有大毒。现在没有确切能识别的人。
("Gen" is pronounced as Gen, cited in *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Correction] Merged into the entry for Maojian Cao (Maojian Grass).
[Names] Maojian Cao (cited in *Bencao Shiyi*), Shui Gen (Water Gen), Zi Jiu (Self-moxibustion) (cited in *Bencao Gangmu*), Hou Suan (Monkey Garlic).
Li Shizhen stated: "Gen" refers to the sprout of Caowutou (Rhizoma Aconiti Kusnezoffii); this herb resembles it in shape and toxicity, hence the name. *Zhouhou Beifang* [Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve] calls it Shui Gen. It is also named Maojian, which is likely a phonetic error of the character "Gen". The common name is Maojin, resembling Shuijin [Water Geranium] but with hairs. Mountain people use it to arrest malaria by picking the leaves and applying them to the Cun Kou [Cunkou pulse point]; within one night, blisters form feeling like a burn, thus it is called Tian Jiu [Heavenly Moxibustion] or Zi Jiu [Self-moxibustion].
[Collected Explanations] Zang Qi said: Tao Hongjing, in his commentary on Gouwen (Radix Gelsemii), mentioned: perhaps it is Maojie. Su Gong said: Maojie is the hairy Shilongrui [Japanese Buttercup]. It is toxic and has no relation to Gouwen. Ge Hong in *Baiyi Fang* [Hundred-One Formulas] stated: Among vegetables, there is Shui Gen; its leaves are round and shiny, growing by the water, and it is toxic. Crabs often eat it. If humans accidentally ingest it, they become delirious as if suffering from Zhong Feng [Stroke], or vomit blood; Gancao juice [Licorice Decoction] can detoxify it. He further stated: Maojian Cao grows in the Jiangdong region, in fields and by marshes. Its leaves are larger than those of Jie [Mustard greens] and have hairs on top. The flowers are yellow. The seeds resemble Jili [Tribulus terrestris].
Li Shizhen said: Maojian and Maojie are the same as the current Maojin, which grows abundantly in damp, low-lying areas. Sprouts emerge in spring, reaching over a chi [approx. 33 cm] in height. Each stem bears three leaves, each leaf having three tips and fine serrations. It resembles Shilongrui in stem and leaf structure, distinguished only by fine hairs. In the fourth and fifth months, it opens small yellow flowers with five petals, very bright and glossy. The fruit resembles a green mulberry about to burst open, with sharp edges, differing from the fruit of Shilongrui. Some mistake it for Bu Shi Cao [Centipeda minima], which is a major error. Alchemists extract its juice to smelt cinnabar and stabilize sulfur. Shen Kuo in *Bitan* [Brush Talks] noted that Shilongrui has two types: the aquatic type has smooth leaves with rounded tips; the terrestrial type has hairy leaves with acute tips. This is the hairy-leaved variety, which should be clearly distinguished.
Leaves and Seeds
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, Warm, Toxic.
[Indications] For malignant sores and carbuncles where pain persists without ulceration, crush the leaves and apply externally. Do not allow the juice to enter the wound to prevent tissue necrosis. For patients with Nue [Malaria], take a handful of leaves, slightly crush them, and bind them to the arm—left arm for males, right arm for females. Do not let them touch the skin directly; blisters will form quickly. Crushed with fresh ginger and applied to the abdomen, it dispels Cold Qi [Cold Pathogenic Factor] (from Zang Qi).
[Appendix] Hai Jiang, Yin Ming
Zang Qi said: Tao Hongjing, in his commentary on Gouwen, mentioned: Hai Jiang grows in the sea, is reddish in color, and resembles Shilongrui; it is highly toxic. He also stated: Yin Ming grows in the sea, is reddish, hangs from trees bearing its fruit, and is highly toxic. Currently, there are no experts who can accurately identify these.