（《本经》中品）
【校正】并入菜部水堇。
【释名】地椹（《本经》）、天豆（《别录》）、石能（《别录》）、鲁果能（《本经》）、水
堇（《吴普》。音谨，又音芹）、苦堇（《尔雅》）、堇葵（郭璞）、胡椒菜
录》）。
弘景曰∶生于石上，其叶芮芮短小，故名。
恭曰∶实如桑椹，故名地椹。
禹锡曰∶《尔雅》云∶啮，苦堇也。郭璞云∶即堇葵也。本草言味甘，而此云苦者，古
人语倒，犹甘草谓之大苦也。
时珍曰∶芮芮，细貌。其椹之子细芮，故名。地椹以下，皆子名也。水堇以下，皆苗名
也。苗作蔬食，味辛而滑，故有椒、葵之名。《唐本草》菜部堇系重出，今依《吴普本草》
合并为一。
【集解】《别录》曰∶石龙芮，生太山川泽石边。五月五日采子，二月、八月采皮，阴
干。
弘景曰∶今出近道。子形粗，似蛇床子而扁，非真好者，人言是蓄菜子也。东山石上所
生者，其叶芮芮短小，其子状如葶苈，黄色而味小辛，此乃是真也。
恭曰∶今用者，俗名水堇。苗似附子，实如桑椹，生下湿地，五月熟，叶、子皆味辛。山南
者粒大如葵
堇菜野生
藏器曰∶《尔雅》云∶芨，堇草。注云∶乌头苗也。苏恭注天雄亦云∶石龙芮叶似堇草，
故名水堇。据此，则堇草是乌头苗，水堇定是石龙芮，更非别
颂曰∶今惟出兖州。一丛数茎，茎青紫色，每茎三叶，其叶短小多刻缺，子如葶苈而色
黄。苏恭所说乃水堇，非石龙芮也。兖州所生者，正与《本经》及陶氏说
宗 曰∶石龙芮有两种∶水中生者叶光而末圆，陆地生者叶毛而末锐。入药须水生者。
陆生者，又谓之天灸，而补阴不足，茎冷失精。
时珍曰∶苏恭言水堇即石龙芮，苏颂非之，非矣。
按∶魏《吴普本草》石龙芮一名水堇，其说甚明。《唐本草》菜部所出水堇，言其苗也。
《
本经》石龙芮，言其子也。寇宗 所言陆生者，乃是毛堇，有大毒，不可食。水堇，即俗称
胡椒菜者，处
一枝三叶。叶青而光滑，有三尖，多细缺。江淮人三、四月采苗，瀹过，晒蒸黑色为蔬。四、
五月开细黄花，结小实，大如豆，状如初生桑椹，青绿色。搓散则子甚细，如葶苈子，即石
龙芮也。宜半老时采之。《范子计然》云∶石龙芮出三辅，色黄者善。
子（根皮同）
【气味】苦，平，无毒。普曰∶神农∶苦，平；岐伯∶酸；扁鹊∶大寒；雷公∶咸，无
毒。
之才曰∶大戟为之使，畏吴茱萸、蛇蜕皮。
【主治】风寒湿痹，心腹邪气，利关节，止烦满。久服轻身明目不老（《本经》）。平肾
胃气，补阴气不足，失精茎冷。令人皮肤光泽有子（《别录》）。逐诸风，除心热躁（大明）。
【发明】时珍曰∶石龙芮，乃平补之药，古方多用之。其功与枸杞、复盆子相埒，而世
人不知用，何哉？
水堇
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。时珍曰∶微辛、苦、涩。
【主治】捣汁，洗马毒疮，并服之。又涂蛇蝎毒及痈肿（《唐本》）。
久食除心下烦热。主寒热鼠 ，瘰 生疮，结核聚气，下瘀血，止霍乱。又生捣汁半升
服，
【发明】诜曰∶堇叶止霍乱，与香 同功。香 即香薷也。
【附方】旧二，新一。
结核气∶堇菜日干为末，油煎成膏。摩之，日三、五度，便瘥。（孟诜《食疗》）
蛇咬伤疮∶生堇杵汁涂之。（《万毕术》）
血疝初起∶胡椒菜叶， ，按揉之。（《集简方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【校正】并入菜部水堇。
【释名】地椹（出自《神农本草经》）、天豆（出自《名医别录》）、石能（出自《名医别录》）、鲁果能（出自《神农本草经》）、水堇（出自《吴普本草》，音“谨”，又音“芹”）、苦堇（出自《尔雅》）、堇葵（郭璞注）。
陶弘景说：生长在石头上，它的叶子短小细碎，所以得名。
苏恭说：果实像桑葚，所以名叫地椹。
禹锡说：《尔雅》记载：“啮，就是苦堇。”郭璞说：就是堇葵。本草书中说味道甘，而这里说苦，是因为古人语序倒装，就像甘草被称为大苦一样。
李时珍说：芮芮，是细小的样子。它的果实细小，所以得名。地椹以下，都是指种子；水堇以下，都是指幼苗。幼苗作为蔬菜食用，味道辛辣且滑腻，所以有胡椒菜、葵菜的名称。《唐本草》菜部中的堇系重复出现，现在依据《吴普本草》合并为一。
【集解】《名医别录》说：石龙芮，生长在太山川泽的石头边。五月五日采集种子，二月、八月采集树皮，阴干。
陶弘景说：现在出产于附近道路旁。种子形状粗糙，像蛇床子但较扁，不是真正好的，人们说是蓄菜的种子。东山石头上生长的，叶子短小细碎，种子形状像葶苈，黄色且味道微辛，这才是真正的石龙芮。
苏恭说：现在使用的，俗名水堇。幼苗像附子，果实像桑葚，生长在下湿之地，五月成熟，叶和子都味辛。山南产的颗粒大如葵菜籽。
藏器说：《尔雅》记载：“芨，是堇草。”注释说：是乌头的苗。苏恭注释天雄也说：石龙芮的叶子像堇草，所以名叫水堇。据此，则堇草是乌头的苗，水堇一定是石龙芮，绝不是别的。
苏颂说：现在只出产于兖州。一丛有几茎，茎呈青紫色，每茎三片叶，叶子短小多有缺刻，种子像葶苈但颜色黄。苏恭所说的是水堇，不是石龙芮。兖州所生的，正与《本经》及陶氏的说法相符。
寇宗奭说：石龙芮有两种：水中生长的叶子光滑且末端圆，陆地生长的叶子有毛且末端尖。入药必须用生于水中的。陆生的，又叫做天灸，会补阴气不足，导致茎冷失精。
李时珍说：苏恭说水堇即石龙芮，苏颂反驳他，这是错误的。
考证：魏国《吴普本草》中石龙芮一名水堇，说法很明确。《唐本草》菜部所出的水堇，说的是它的苗。《本经》中的石龙芮，说的是它的子。寇宗奭所说的陆生者，乃是毛堇，有大毒，不可食用。水堇，即俗称胡椒菜的，一枝三叶。叶子青色而光滑，有三尖，多细缺。江淮地区的人在三月、四月采集幼苗，煮过后，晒蒸至黑色作为蔬菜。四、五月开细黄花，结小果实，大如豆子，形状像初生的桑葚，青绿色。搓散后种子很细，像葶苈子，这就是石龙芮。宜在半老时采集。《范子计然》说：石龙芮出三辅，色黄的为好。
子（根皮同）
【气味】苦，平，无毒。吴普说：神农认为苦、平；岐伯认为酸；扁鹊认为大寒；雷公认为咸，无毒。
徐之才说：大戟为引经药，畏吴茱萸、蛇蜕皮。
【主治】风寒湿痹，心腹邪气，利关节，止烦满。久服轻身明目不老（《神农本草经》）。平肾胃气，补阴气不足，治疗失精茎冷。令人皮肤光泽并能生育（《名医别录》）。驱逐各种风邪，清除心热烦躁（孟诜）。
【发明】李时珍说：石龙芮，是平和补益的药物，古方中多用它。它的功效与枸杞、覆盆子相当，但世人不知道使用，为什么呢？
水堇
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。李时珍说：微辛、苦、涩。
【主治】捣汁，洗马毒疮，并内服。又涂蛇蝎毒及痈肿（《唐本草》）。
久食除心下烦热。主治寒热鼠瘘，瘰疬生疮，结核聚气，下瘀血，止霍乱。又生捣汁半升服用，
【发明】孟诜说：堇叶止霍乱，与香薷功效相同。香薷即香薷草。
【附方】旧方二首，新方一首。
结核气：堇菜晒干研末，油煎成膏。涂抹患处，每日三至五次，即可痊愈。（孟诜《食疗》）
蛇咬伤疮：生堇杵汁涂抹。（《万毕术》）
血疝初起：胡椒菜叶，揉按之。（《集简方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Merged into the Vegetable Section under Shuijin (Water Jin).
[Names] Dizhen (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Tiandou (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Shineng (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Luguo Neng (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Shuijin (from *Wu Pu Bencao*; pronounced "Jin", also "Qin"), Ku Jin (from *Erya*), Jinkui (Guo Pu's annotation).
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows on rocks; its leaves are short and fine, hence the name.
Su Gong stated: The fruit resembles mulberry, hence the name Dizhen.
Yuxi stated: *Erya* says: "Nie is Ku Jin." Guo Pu said: It is Jinkui. The Materia Medica states the taste is sweet, whereas here it is bitter; this is due to ancient inverted syntax, just as Gancao (Licorice Root) is referred to as Da Ku (Great Bitter).
Li Shizhen stated: "Ruirui" means fine or small. Its seeds are fine and small, hence the name. Below "Dizhen," all refer to seeds; below "Shuijin," all refer to seedlings. The seedlings are eaten as vegetables, having a pungent and slippery taste, hence the names Pepper Vegetable and Kai Vegetable. The entry for Jin in the Vegetable Section of *Tang Bencao* was duplicated; now it is merged into one according to *Wu Pu Bencao*.
[Collection of Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shilongrui grows beside stones in streams and marshes of Mount Tai. Collect seeds on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; collect bark in the second and eighth months; dry in shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now found near roads. The seeds are coarse, resembling Shechuangzi (Cnidium Fruit) but flatter, not the true good variety; people say they are seeds of Xucabbage. Those growing on rocks in Dongshan have short, fine leaves, and seeds resembling Tingli (Descurainia Seed), yellow with a slightly pungent taste; these are the true Shilongrui.
Su Gong stated: What is used now is commonly called Shuijin. The seedling resembles Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root), the fruit resembles mulberry, it grows in low wet places, ripens in May, and both leaves and seeds are pungent. Those from Shannan have grains as large as Kai vegetable seeds.
Zangqi stated: *Erya* says: "Ji is Jin Grass." The annotation says: It is the seedling of Wutou (Aconitum Carmandii Root). Su Gong's annotation on Tianxiong also states: Shilongrui leaves resemble Jin grass, hence named Shuijin. Based on this, Jin grass is the seedling of Wutou, and Shuijin must be Shilongrui, certainly not something else.
Su Song stated: It is now only produced in Yanzhou. One clump has several stems, stems are greenish-purple, each stem has three leaves, leaves are short with many incisions, seeds resemble Tingli but are yellow. What Su Gong described is Shuijin, not Shilongrui. What is produced in Yanzhou exactly matches the descriptions in *Benjing* and Tao's account.
Kou Zongshi stated: There are two types of Shilongrui: those growing in water have smooth leaves with rounded tips; those growing on land have hairy leaves with sharp tips. For medicinal use, the aquatic type must be chosen. The terrestrial type is also called Tianjiu (Sky Blister); it fails to tonify Yin deficiency and causes cold penis and seminal emission.
Li Shizhen stated: Su Gong claimed Shuijin is Shilongrui, and Su Song refuted him; this refutation was incorrect.
According to research: In Wei's *Wu Pu Bencao*, Shilongrui is also named Shuijin, which is very clear. The Shuijin mentioned in the Vegetable Section of *Tang Bencao* refers to its seedling. The Shilongrui in *Benjing* refers to its seed. What Kou Zongshi called the terrestrial type is actually Maojin (Hairy Jin), which has great toxicity and cannot be eaten. Shuijin, i.e., the commonly known Pepper Vegetable, has one branch with three leaves. Leaves are green and smooth, with three points and many fine incisions. People in Jianghuai harvest the seedlings in March and April, boil them, sun-dry and steam them until black to eat as vegetables. In April and May, they open small yellow flowers and bear small fruits, as large as beans, resembling young mulberries, greenish-yellow. When rubbed apart, the seeds are very fine, like Tingli seeds; this is Shilongrui. It should be harvested when half-mature. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Shilongrui comes from Sanfu; the yellow ones are superior.
Seeds (Root bark same)
[Aroma and Taste] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic. Wu Pu stated: Shennong considered it pungent and neutral; Qibo considered it sour; Bian Que considered it extremely cold; Lei Gong considered it salty and non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai stated: Daji (Euphorbia Root) acts as an usher; it fears Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit) and Shed Snake Skin.
[Indications] Wind-cold-damp bi obstruction, evil qi in heart and abdomen, unblocking joints, relieving irritability and fullness. Long-term use lightens the body, brightens eyes, and prevents aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Regulates Kidney and Stomach Qi, tonifies insufficient Yin Qi, treats seminal emission and cold penis. Makes skin lustrous and promotes fertility (*Mingyi Bielu*). Drives out various wind pathogens, clears Heart heat and restlessness (Meng Shen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Shilongrui is a mild tonic herb, frequently used in ancient prescriptions. Its efficacy is comparable to Gouqi (Lycium Fruit) and Fupenzi (Rubus Fruit), yet people do not know to use it; why?
Shuijin
[Aroma and Taste] Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Li Shizhen stated: Slightly pungent, bitter, and astringent.
[Indications] Crush and extract juice to wash horse poison sores, and take internally. Also apply to snake and scorpion stings and carbuncles (*Tang Bencao*).
Long-term consumption removes heat and irritability in the epigastrium. Treats chills and fever, rat fistula, scrofula with sores, tuberculous accumulation of Qi, expels blood stasis, and stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea. Also, take half sheng of freshly crushed juice orally.
[Elucidation] Meng Shen stated: Jin leaf stops cholera-like symptoms, with the same effect as Xiangru (Mosla Herb). Xiangru is Mosla.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old, one new.
Tuberculous Qi: Dry Jin vegetable, powder it, fry with oil into a paste. Massage onto the area, 3-5 times daily, and it will heal. (Meng Shen's *Food Therapy*)
Snake bite wound: Crush fresh Jin and apply juice. (*Wanbi Shu*)
Initial Blood Hernia: Pepper vegetable leaves, rub and massage. (*Jijian Fang*)