（音费。《拾遗》）
【释名】 （与狒同。亦作KT ）、
时珍曰∶《尔雅》作狒。《说文》作 ，从 ，从囟，从KT ，象形。许慎云∶北人呼为土
蝼。今人呼为人熊。按郭璞谓山都即狒狒，稍似差别，抑名同物异欤？
【集解】藏器曰∶狒狒出西南夷。《尔雅》云∶狒狒，如人被发，迅走食人。《山海经》
云∶枭羊，人面，长唇黑身，有毛反踵。见人则笑，笑则上唇掩目。郭璞云∶交广及南康郡
山中，亦有此物。大者长丈余，俗呼为山都。宋孝建中，獠人进雌雄二头。帝问土人丁銮。
銮曰∶其面似人，红赤色，毛似猕猴，有尾。能人言，如鸟声。善知生死，力负千钧。反踵
无膝，睡则倚物。获人则先笑而后食之。猎人因以竹筒贯臂诱之，俟其笑时，抽手以锥钉其
唇着额，任其奔驰，候死而取之。发极长，可为头 。血堪染靴及绯，饮之使人见鬼也。帝
乃命工图之。时珍曰∶按《方舆志》云∶狒狒，西蜀及处州山中亦有之，呼为人熊。人亦食
其掌，剥其皮。闽中沙县幼山有之，长丈余，逢人则笑，呼为山大人，或曰野人及山魈也。
又邓德明《南康记》云∶山都，形如昆仑人，通身生毛。见人辄闭目，开口如笑。好在深涧
中翻石，觅蟹食之。珍按∶邓氏所说，与《北山经》之山 ，《述异记》之山都，《永嘉记》
之山鬼，《神异经》之山 ，《玄中记》之山精，《海录碎事》之山丈，《文本指归》之旱魃，
《搜神记》之治鸟，俱相类，乃山
【附录】山都 时珍曰∶任 《述异记》云∶南康有神曰山都。形如人，长二尺余，黑
色，赤目黄发。深山树中作窠，状如鸟卵，高三尺余，内甚光彩，体质轻虚，以鸟毛为褥，
二枚相连，上雄下雌。能变化隐形，罕睹其状，若木客、山 之类也。山 时珍曰∶《北
山经》云∶山 状如犬而人面，善投，见人则笑。其行如风，见则天下大风。木客 又曰∶
《南康记》云∶生南方山中。头面语言不全异人，但手脚爪如钩利。居绝岩间，死亦殡殓。
能与人交易，而不见其形也。今南方有鬼市，亦类此。又有木客鸟，见禽部。山 又曰∶
东方朔《神异经》云∶西方深山有人，长尺余，袒身，捕虾、蟹，就人火炙食之，名曰山 ，
其名自呼。人犯之则发寒热。盖鬼魅耳，所在亦有之，惟畏爆竹 爆声。刘义庆《幽明录》
云∶东昌县山岩间有物如人，长四五尺，裸身被发，发长五六寸，能作呼啸声，不见其形。
每从涧中发石取虾、蟹，就火炙食。《永嘉记》云∶安国县有山鬼，形如人而一脚，仅长一
尺许。好盗伐木人盐，炙石蟹食。人不敢犯之，能令人病及焚居也。《玄中记》云∶山精如
人，一足，长三四尺。食山蟹，夜出昼伏。千岁蟾蜍能食之。《抱朴子》云∶山精形如小儿，
独足向后。夜喜犯人，其名曰 ，呼其名则不能犯人。《白泽图》云∶山之精，状如鼓，色
赤，一足而行，名曰夔，呼之可使取虎豹。《海录杂事》云∶岭南有物，一足反踵，手足皆
三指。雄曰山丈，雌曰山姑，能夜叩人门求物也。《神异经》云∶南方有魃，一名旱母。长
二三尺，裸形，目在顶上，行走如风。见则大旱。遇者得之投溷中，则旱除。《文本指归》
云∶旱魃，山鬼也。所居之处天不雨。女魃入人家，能窃物以出；男魃入人家，能窃物以归。
时珍谨按∶诸说虽少有参差，大抵俱是怪类，今俗所谓独脚鬼者是也。迩来处处有之，能隐
形入人家淫乱，致人成疾；放火窃物，大为家害。法术不能驱，医药不能治，呼为五通、七
郎诸神而祀之，盖未知其原如此。故备载之，非但博闻而已。其曰呼其名则无害，千岁蟾蜍
能食之者，非治法欤？引申触类，必有能制之者。又有治鸟，亦此类，见禽部。精怪之属甚
伙，皆为人害。惟《白泽图》、《玄中记》、《抱朴子》、《酉阳杂俎》诸书载之颇悉，起居者亦
不可不知。然正人君子，则德可胜妖，自不敢近也。
肉
【气味】无毒。
【主治】作脯，连脂薄割炙热，贴人癣疥，能引虫出，频易取瘥（藏器）。
（音费。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 （与“狒”字相同。也写作“KT”）。
李时珍说：《尔雅》中写作“狒”。《说文解字》中写作“ ”，字形由“ ”、“囟”（头顶）、“KT”组成，是象形字。许慎说：北方人叫它“土蝼”。现在的人叫它“人熊”。考察郭璞的说法，认为“山都”就是“狒狒”，但这稍微有些差别，难道是名称相同而实物不同吗？
【集解】 藏器说：狒狒出产于西南夷地区。《尔雅》说：狒狒，样子像人，披着长发，奔跑迅速，吃人。《山海经》说：枭羊，长着人脸，嘴唇长，身体黑，有毛，脚后跟向前（反踵）。看见人就笑，一笑起来上唇就遮住眼睛。郭璞说：交州、广州以及南康郡的山中，也有这种动物。大的有一丈多长，俗称为“山都”。南朝宋孝建年间，獠族人进献了雌雄两只。皇帝询问当地百姓丁銮。丁銮说：它的脸像人，呈红赤色，毛像猕猴，有尾巴。能学说人话，声音像鸟叫。善于预知人的生死，力气能背负千钧重物。脚后跟向前没有膝盖，睡觉时倚靠物体。捕获人后先笑然后吃掉它。猎人因此用竹筒套在手臂上引诱它，等到它笑的时候，抽出手用锥子将它的嘴唇钉在额头上，任凭它奔跑，等它死后取走。它的毛发极长，可以做头饰。血液可以用来染靴子和红色衣物，喝了它的血会让人看见鬼魂。皇帝于是命令工匠画下了它的图像。李时珍说：据《方舆志》记载：狒狒，西蜀和处州的山中也都有，称为“人熊”。人们也吃它的掌肉，剥下它的皮。福建沙县幼山有这种动物，长一丈多，遇见人就笑，称为“山大人”，或者说是“野人”和“山魈”。另外邓德明的《南康记》说：山都，形状像昆仑人，全身生毛。看见人就闭上眼睛，张开嘴像在笑。喜欢在深涧中翻石头，寻找螃蟹吃。我考察：邓氏所说的，与《北山经》中的“山 ”，《述异记》中的“山都”，《永嘉记》中的“山鬼”，《神异经》中的“山 ”，《玄中记》中的“山精”，《海录碎事》中的“山丈”，《文本指归》中的“旱魃”，《搜神记》中的“治鸟”，都非常相似，都是山……
【附录】 山都 李时珍说：任昉的《述异记》说：南康有神叫做山都。形状像人，长二尺多，黑色，红眼睛黄头发。在深山树木中做巢，形状像鸟蛋，高三尺多，内部很有光彩，体质轻虚，用鸟毛做褥垫，两个相连，上面是雄性下面是雌性。能变化隐形，很少见到它的真面目，就像木客、山 之类。山 李时珍说：《北山经》说：山 形状像狗但有人脸，善于投掷东西，看见人就笑。它的行走如风，出现则天下刮大风。木客 又说：《南康记》说：生长在南方山中。头面语言不完全不同于人，只是手脚指甲像钩一样锋利。居住在绝壁之间，死了也殡葬。能与人类交易，但不让人看见它的形体。现在南方有鬼市，也类似这种情况。又有木客鸟，见禽部。山 又说：东方朔的《神异经》说：西方深山有人，长一尺多，赤裸身体，捕捉虾、蟹，靠近人的火边烤着吃，名字叫山 ，自己称呼自己的名字。人冒犯它就会引发寒热病。大概是鬼魅罢了，各地也有，只害怕爆竹的爆炸声。刘义庆的《幽明录》说：东昌县山岩间有物像人，长四五尺，裸身披发，头发长五六寸，能发出呼啸声，不让人看见形体。每次从涧中搬石头取虾、蟹，靠近火烤着吃。《永嘉记》说：安国县有山鬼，形状像人但只有一只脚，仅长一尺左右。喜欢偷伐木人的盐，烤石蟹吃。人不敢冒犯它，能让人生病甚至烧毁房屋。《玄中记》说：山精像人，一只脚，长三四尺。吃山蟹，夜间出来白天潜伏。千年的蟾蜍能吃掉它。《抱朴子》说：山精形状像小孩，独脚向后。夜里喜欢侵犯人，名字叫 ，叫出它的名字就不能侵犯人。《白泽图》说：山的精怪，形状像鼓，颜色赤红，一只脚行走，名字叫夔，呼唤它可以让它去抓虎豹。《海录杂事》说：岭南有物，一只脚且脚后跟向前，手脚都只有三根手指。雄性叫山丈，雌性叫山姑，能在夜间敲门求取物品。《神异经》说：南方有魃，一名旱母。长二三尺，裸体，眼睛在头顶，行走如风。出现则大旱。遇到的人得到它并投入厕所中，干旱就能消除。《文本指归》说：旱魃，就是山鬼。居住的地方天不下雨。女魃进入人家，能偷东西带出去；男魃进入人家，能偷东西带回来。李时珍谨慎地考察：各种说法虽然略有差异，大体上都是怪异类生物，就是现在俗话所说的独脚鬼。近来到处都有，能隐形进入人家淫乱，导致人生病；放火偷窃物品，成为家庭的巨大祸害。法术不能驱赶，医药不能治疗，称之为五通、七郎等神来祭祀，大概是不了解它们的本源如此。所以详细记载这些，不仅是为了博闻广识。如果说呼唤名字就没有危害，千年蟾蜍能吃掉它们，这不是治疗方法吗？触类旁通，一定有能制服它们的方法。又有治鸟，也是这一类，见禽部。精怪这类生物很多，都对人有害。只有《白泽图》、《玄中记》、《抱朴子》、《酉阳杂俎》等书记载得很详细，居家生活的人也不可不知道。然而正人君子，德行可以战胜妖怪，自然不敢接近它们。
(Fee [pronunciation]. From *Bencao Shiyi* (Supplement to the Materia Medica).)
**[Names]** (Same as "Fei" [baboon]. Also written as "KT".)
Li Shizhen says: *Erya* writes it as "Fei". *Shuowen Jiezi* writes it as " ", composed of components " ", "Xin" (top of head), and "KT", forming a pictograph. Xu Shen says: Northerners call it "Tu Lou" (earth mole). People today call it "Ren Xiong" (human bear). Examining Guo Pu's statement, he considers "Shan Du" (mountain dweller) to be identical to "Fei Fei", but this differs slightly; could it be that the names are the same while the entities differ?
**[Collected Explanations]** Zang Qi says: Fei Fei originates from the Southwestern Yi regions. *Erya* states: Fei Fei resembles a human, has long hair, runs swiftly, and eats humans. *Shan Hai Jing* (Classic of Mountains and Seas) states: Xiaoyang (owl sheep) has a human face, long lips, a black body with hair, and reversed heels (walking on the back of the feet). It laughs when seeing people, covering its eyes with its upper lip when laughing. Guo Pu says: In Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, and the mountains of Nankang Commandery, there is also this creature. The large ones are over one zhang in length, commonly called "Shan Du". During the Xiaojian era of Emperor Xiaowu of Song, Liao people presented a male and a female. The emperor asked the local inhabitant Ding Luan. Luan said: Its face resembles a human, reddish in color, fur like a macaque, with a tail. It can speak human language, sounding like birds. It is good at foreseeing life and death, and its strength can carry a thousand jun. It has no knees and walks with heels forward; when sleeping, it leans against objects. Upon capturing a person, it laughs first and then eats them. Hunters therefore use bamboo tubes inserted into their arms to lure it; waiting for it to laugh, they withdraw their hand and nail its lips to its forehead with an awl, letting it run until it dies, then taking it. Its hair is extremely long and can be made into head ornaments. Its blood can be used to dye boots and crimson garments; drinking it causes hallucinations of ghosts. The emperor ordered artisans to draw its image. Li Shizhen says: According to *Fangyu Zhi*, Fei Fei is also found in the mountains of Xishu and Chuzhou, called "Ren Xiong". People eat its palms and peel its skin. In Youshan, Shaxian, Fujian, there is this animal, over one zhang long, laughing upon meeting people, called "Shan Daren" (Mountain Great Person), or referred to as "Yeren" (wild man) and "Shanxiao" (mountain demon). Additionally, Deng Deming's *Nankang Ji* states: Shan Du resembles a Kunlun person, covered in hair all over. It closes its eyes and opens its mouth as if smiling when seeing people. It likes to turn over stones in deep ravines to find crabs to eat. I examine: What Deng described is very similar to "Shan " in *Beishan Jing*, "Shan Du" in *Shuyou Ji*, "Shan Gui" (Mountain Ghost) in *Yongjia Ji*, "Shan " in *Shenyi Jing*, "Shan Jing" (Mountain Spirit) in *Xuanzhong Ji*, "Shan Zhang" in *Hailui Suishi*, "Hanba" (Drought Demon) in *Wenben Zhigui*, and "Zhiniao" in *Soushen Ji*. They are all similar, being mountain...
**[Appendix] Shan Du** Li Shizhen says: Ren Fang's *Shuyou Ji* states: There is a spirit in Nankang called Shan Du. It resembles a human, over two chi long, black in color, with red eyes and yellow hair. It builds nests in trees deep in the mountains, shaped like bird eggs, over three chi high, with a lustrous interior, light and hollow texture, using bird feathers as bedding. Two are connected, male on top, female below. It can change form and become invisible, rarely seen in its true state, similar to Muke and Shan . **Shan** Li Shizhen says: *Beishan Jing* states: Shan resembles a dog but has a human face, is good at throwing things, and laughs when seeing people. It moves like the wind; its appearance brings great winds across the world. **Muke** It is also said: *Nankang Ji* states: Grows in the southern mountains. Its head, face, and speech are not entirely different from humans, but its hands and feet have sharp, hook-like claws. It lives in sheer cliffs and is buried when it dies. It can trade with humans without showing its form. Currently, there are ghost markets in the south, which are similar. There is also a Muke bird, see the Avian Section. **Shan** It is also said: Dongfang Shuo's *Shenyi Jing* states: In the deep western mountains, there are beings over one chi tall, naked, catching shrimp and crabs, roasting them near human fires to eat. They call themselves Shan . If offended by humans, they cause chills and fever. They are likely demons/spirits, existing everywhere, but fear the sound of firecrackers. Liu Yiqing's *Youming Lu* states: In Dongchang County, between mountain rocks, there is a thing like a human, four or five chi tall, naked with long hair (five or six cun long), able to make whistling sounds, unseen in form. It often takes stones from streams to get shrimp and crabs, roasting them near fire. *Yongjia Ji* states: Anguo County has Shan Gui, resembling a human but with only one foot, about one chi long. It likes to steal salt from woodcutters and roast stone crabs. Humans dare not offend it; it can cause illness and burn houses. *Xuanzhong Ji* states: Shan Jing resembles a human, one-footed, three or four chi long. Eats mountain crabs, active at night and hidden during the day. Thousand-year-old toads can eat it. *Baopuzi* states: Shan Jing resembles a child, one-footed with the heel backward. Likes to attack people at night; its name is , calling its name prevents it from attacking. *Baize Tu* states: Mountain spirits resemble drums, red in color, walking on one foot, named Kui; calling it allows one to command it to catch tigers and leopards. *Hailua Zas* states: In Lingnan, there is a creature, one-footed with reversed heels, hands and feet having three fingers each. Male is Shan Zhang, female is Shan Gu; they knock on doors at night seeking items. *Shenyi Jing* states: In the south, there is Ba, also called Hanmu. Two or three chi tall, naked, eyes on top of the head, moving like wind. Its appearance causes severe drought. Those who capture it and throw it into a latrine eliminate the drought. *Wenben Zhigui* states: Hanba is a Shan Gui. Where it resides, it does not rain. Female Hanba entering homes steals items out; male Hanba entering homes steals items in. Li Shizhen carefully examines: Although these accounts vary slightly, they are generally strange creatures, what common people now call the one-legged ghost. Recently, they appear everywhere, capable of invisibility, entering homes to commit sexual misconduct causing illness; setting fires and stealing property, becoming a major household disaster. Spells cannot drive them away, medicine cannot cure them; they are worshipped as gods like Wutong and Qilang, largely due to ignorance of their origins. Thus, I record them in detail, not merely for erudition. If calling their name causes no harm, and thousand-year toads can eat them, is this not a treatment method? By extending this logic, there must be a way to subdue them. There is also Zhiniao, of the same category, see Avian Section. Spirits and monsters are numerous and harmful to humans. Only books like *Baize Tu*, *Xuanzhong Ji*, *Baopuzi*, and *Youyang Zazu* record them thoroughly; those living in such areas should know this. However, upright gentlemen, whose virtue can overcome demons, naturally do not approach them.
**Meat**
**[Nature and Flavor]** Non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Made into jerky, sliced thinly with fat and roasted hot, applied to human tinea and scabies, it can draw out parasites. Frequent changes lead to recovery (Zang Qi).