（《别录》有名未用）
【校正】并入《拾遗》玉膏。
【释名】玉脂（《纲目》）、玉膏（《拾遗》）、玉液。
【集解】《别录》曰∶生蓝田玉石间。时珍曰∶此即玉膏也，别本以为玉泉者是矣。《山
海经》云∶密山上多丹木，丹水出焉，西流注于稷泽。其中多白玉，是有玉膏。其源沸沸汤
汤，黄帝是食是飨。是生玄玉，玉膏所出，以灌丹木。黄帝乃取密山之玉，KT 而投之钟
山之阳，瑾瑜之玉为良，坚栗精密，泽而有光，五色发作，以和柔刚。天地鬼神，是食是飨。
君子服之，以御不祥。谨按密山亦近于阗之间。是食者，服食也。是飨者，祭祀也。服之者，
佩服也。玉膏，即玉髓也。《河图玉版》云∶少室之山，有白玉膏，服之成仙。《十洲记》
云∶瀛洲有玉膏如酒，名曰玉醴，饮数升辄醉，令人长生。《抱朴子》云∶生玉之山，有玉
膏流出，鲜明如水精，以无心草末和之，须臾成水，服之一升长生。皆指此也。藏器曰∶今
玉石间水饮之，亦长生润泽。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】妇人无子，不老延年（《别录》）。
（《别录》有名未用）
【释名】谷玉。
时珍曰∶谷，一作 ，又作 ，谷、角二音。二玉相合曰 ，此玉常合生故也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶生蓝田。
弘景曰∶张华言合玉浆用谷玉，正缥白色，不夹石者。大如升，小者如鸡子，取于穴
中者，非今作器物玉也。出襄乡县旧穴中。黄初时，诏征南将军夏侯尚求之。
时珍曰∶按∶《格古论》云∶古玉以青玉为上，其色淡青，而带黄色。绿玉深绿色者佳，
淡者次之。菜玉非青非绿，如菜色，此玉之最低者。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】妇人无子，轻身不老长年（《别录》）。
【附录】璧玉 《别录》曰∶味甘，无毒。主明目益气，使人多精生子。
时珍曰∶璧，瑞玉圜也。此玉可为璧，故曰璧玉。璧外圆象天，内方象地。《尔雅》云
∶璧大六寸谓之 ；肉倍好谓之壁；好倍肉，谓之瑗。
玉英 《别录》曰∶味甘，主风瘙皮肤痒，生山窍中，明白可作镜，一名石镜，十二月
采。
合玉石 《别录》曰∶味甘，无毒。主益气，疗消渴，轻身辟谷。生常山中丘，如彘肪。
时珍曰∶此即碾玉砂也，玉须此石碾之乃光。
青琅 （《本经》下品）
【校正】并入《拾遗》石阑干。
【释名】石阑干（《拾遗》）、石珠（《本经》）、青珠（《别录》）。
时珍曰∶琅 ，象其声也。
可碾为珠，故得珠名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶青琅 ，生蜀郡平泽，采无时。
弘景曰∶此《蜀都赋》所称青珠、黄环者也。琅 亦是昆仑山上树名，又《九真经》中
大丹名。
恭曰∶琅 有数种色，以青者入药为胜，是琉璃之类，火齐宝也。今出 州以西乌臼蛮
中，及于阗。
藏器曰∶石阑干生大海底，高尺余，如树，有根茎，茎上有孔，如物点之。渔人以网罾
得之，初从水出微红，后渐青。
颂曰∶今秘书中有异鱼图，载琅 青色，生海中，云海人以网于海底取之，初出水红色，
久而青黑，枝柯似珊瑚，而上有孔窍，如虫蛀，击之有金石之声，乃与珊瑚相类。其说与《别
录》生蜀郡平泽，及苏恭所云不同，人莫能的识。谨按《尚书》∶雍州缺贡球、琳、琅 。《尔
雅》云∶
西北之美者，有昆仑墟之 、琳、琅 。孔安国、郭璞注，皆以为石之似珠者。而《山
海经》云∶昆仑山有琅 。若然是石之美者，明莹若珠之色，而状森植尔。大抵古人谓石之
美者，多谓之珠，《广雅》谓琉璃、珊瑚皆为珠是也。以上所说，皆出西北山中，而今《图》
乃云海底得之。盖珍贵之物，山、海或俱产焉，今医家亦以难得而稀用也。
宗 曰∶《书》云∶雍州厥贡球、琳、琅 。《西域记》云∶天竺国正出此物。苏恭云∶
是琉璃之类。琉璃乃火成之物，琅 非火成者，安得同类？
时珍曰∶按许慎《说文》云∶琅 ，石之似玉者。
孔安国云∶石之似珠者。《总龟》云∶生南海石崖间，状如笋，质似玉。《玉册》云∶生
南海崖石内，自然感阴阳之气而成，似珠而赤。《列子》云∶蓬莱之山，珠 之树丛生。据
诸说，则琅 生于西北山中及海山崖间。其云生于海底网取者，是珊瑚，非琅 也。
在山为琅 ，在水为珊瑚，珊瑚亦有碧色者。今回民地方出一种青珠，与碧靛相似，恐
是琅 所作者也。《山海经》云∶开明山北有珠树。《淮南子》云∶曾城九重，有珠树在其西。
珠树即琅 也。余见珊瑚下。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
之才曰∶杀锡毒，得水银良，畏鸡骨。
【主治】身痒，火疮痈疡，疥瘙死肌（《本经》）。白秃，浸淫在皮肤中，煮炼服之，起
阴气，可化为丹（《别录》）。疗手足逆胪（弘景）。
石阑干∶主石淋，破血，产后恶血，磨服，或煮服，亦火烧投酒中服（藏器）。
（《名医别录》记载有名称但未列入常用药物）
【校正】并入《本草拾遗》中的“玉膏”。
【释名】玉脂（《本草纲目》）、玉膏（《本草拾遗》）、玉液。
【集解】《名医别录》说：产于蓝田玉石之间。李时珍说：这就是玉膏，陶弘景原本认为玉泉就是它。《山海经》说：密山上多丹木，丹水从那里流出，向西流入稷泽。水中有很多白玉，因此有玉膏产生。它的源头沸腾翻滚，黄帝食用并以此祭祀。由此生出黑色的玉，玉膏流出，用来浇灌丹木。黄帝于是采集密山的玉，熔化后投入钟山的南面，瑾瑜之玉为良材，坚硬细密，润泽而有光泽，五色显现，以调和刚柔。天地鬼神，以此食用并祭祀。君子服用它，以抵御不祥之事。谨按密山也靠近于阗地区。“是食”，指服食丹药；“是飨”，指祭祀；“服之”，指佩戴或服用。玉膏，就是玉髓。《河图玉版》说：少室山有白玉膏，服用可成仙。《十洲记》说：瀛洲有像酒一样的玉膏，名叫玉醴，喝几升就会醉，使人长生。《抱朴子》说：产玉的山上，有玉膏流出，鲜明如水精，用无心草的粉末混合它，一会儿变成水，服用一升即可长生。说的都是这种情况。孟诜说：现在在玉石间取水饮用，也能长生润泽。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】妇女不孕，不老延年（《名医别录》）。
（《名医别录》记载有名称但未列入常用药物）
【释名】谷玉。
李时珍说：谷，一作“珏”，又作“玨”，谷、角二音。两块玉相合叫“珏”，这种玉常合生在一起，所以得名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：产于蓝田。
陶弘景说：张华说制作玉浆要用谷玉，颜色正白微青，不含石头的杂质。大的像升，小的像鸡蛋，从洞穴中取得，不是现在制作器物的玉。出自襄乡县旧有的矿穴。黄初年间，皇帝下诏征南将军夏侯尚寻找它。
李时珍说：按《格古论》说：古玉以青玉为上品，颜色淡青而带黄色。绿玉深绿色的为佳，淡色的次之。菜玉非青非绿，像菜色，这是玉中最低等的。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】妇女不孕，轻身不老长年（《名医别录》）。
【附录】璧玉 《名医别录》说：味甘，无毒。主治明目益气，使人多精生子。
李时珍说：璧，是瑞玉圆形的玉器。这种玉可以做璧，所以叫璧玉。璧外圆象征天，内方象征地。《尔雅》说：直径六寸的璧叫“瑀”；肉（边宽）倍于好（孔直径）的叫“壁”；好（孔直径）倍于肉（边宽）的叫“瑗”。
玉英 《名医别录》说：味甘，主治风瘙皮肤痒，生于山窍中，洁白可做镜子，一名石镜，十二月采集。
合玉石 《名医别录》说：味甘，无毒。主治益气，治疗消渴，轻身辟谷。产于常山中丘，形状像猪油。
李时珍说：这就是碾玉砂，玉必须经过这种石头研磨才会光亮。
青琅玕 （《神农本草经》下品）
【校正】并入《本草拾遗》中的“石阑干”。
【释名】石阑干（《本草拾遗》）、石珠（《神农本草经》）、青珠（《名医别录》）。
李时珍说：琅玕，模拟其声音。
可以研磨成珠子，所以得到珠的名字。
【集解】《名医别录》说：青琅玕，产于蜀郡平泽，随时采集。
陶弘景说：这就是《蜀都赋》所称的青珠、黄环。琅玕也是昆仑山上的树名，又是《九真经》中的大丹名。
苏恭说：琅玕有多种颜色，以青色入药为优，属于琉璃一类，是火齐宝。现在出产于巂州以西乌臼蛮地区，以及于阗。
孟诜说：石阑干生长在大海底部，高一尺多，像树，有根茎，茎上有孔，像被东西点过一样。渔民用网罾捞取，刚从水里出来时微红，后来逐渐变青。
苏颂说：现在秘书省中有异鱼图，记载琅玕青色，生于海中，说云海人用网在海底取出，刚出水红色，久置变青黑，枝柯像珊瑚，但上面有孔窍，像虫蛀，敲击有金石之声，这与珊瑚相似。这种说法与《名医别录》所说的生于蜀郡平泽，以及苏恭所说的不同，人们不能识别。谨按《尚书》：雍州缺贡球、琳、琅玕。《尔雅》说：
西北的美物，有昆仑墟的珉、琳、琅玕。孔安国、郭璞注，都认为像珠子的石头。而《山海经》说：昆仑山有琅玕。如果是美丽的石头，明亮如珠的颜色，且形状森然直立。大体上古人称美丽的石头，多称为珠，《广雅》说琉璃、珊瑚都称为珠是同样的道理。以上所说，都出自西北山中，而现在《图》却说在海里得到。大概是珍贵的物品，山和海或许都出产，现在医家也因为难得而很少使用。
寇宗奭说：《尚书》说：雍州进贡球、琳、琅玕。《西域记》说：天竺国正出产此物。苏恭说：是琉璃一类。琉璃是火成的物体，琅玕不是火成的，怎么能同类？
李时珍说：按许慎《说文》说：琅玕，像玉的石头。
孔安国说：像珠子的石头。《总龟》说：生长在南海石崖间，形状像笋，质地像玉。《玉册》说：生长在南海崖石内，自然感应阴阳之气而成，像珠子且红色。《列子》说：蓬莱山，珠树丛生。根据各种说法，则琅玕生于西北山中及海山崖间。说生于海底网取的，是珊瑚，不是琅玕。在山为琅玕，在水为珊瑚，珊瑚也有碧色的。现在回民地方出产一种青珠，与碧靛相似，恐怕是琅玕所制作的。《山海经》说：开明山北有珠树。《淮南子》说：曾城九重，西面有珠树。珠树就是琅玕。我详见珊瑚条下。
【气味】味辛，性平，无毒。
徐之才说：能杀锡毒，得水银效果良好，畏惧鸡骨。
【主治】身体瘙痒，火疮痈疡，疥瘙死肌（《神农本草经》）。白秃，浸淫在皮肤中，煮炼服用，起阴气，可化为丹（《名医别录》）。治疗手足逆胪（陶弘景）。
石阑干：主治石淋，破血，产后恶血，磨粉服用，或煮服，也可火烧后投入酒中服用（孟诜）。
(Recorded in *Bielu* [Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians] as having a name but not yet used.)
[Correction] Merged into "Yugao" (Jade Paste) from *Shenyi* [Supplementary Materials].
[Names] Yuzhi (Jade Fat, *Gangmu*), Yugao (Jade Paste, *Shenyi*), Yuye (Jade Fluid).
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Grows among the jade stones of Lantian. Shizhen says: This is exactly Yugao; Taohongyuan originally believed that Yuquan (Jade Spring) was it. *Shanhaijing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas] says: On Mi Mountain there are many Danmu trees; Dan Water flows from there, flowing west into Jize. There is much white jade within, hence there is Jade Paste. Its source boils vigorously like hot soup; the Yellow Emperor eats it and offers it in sacrifice. From this arises black jade. The outflow of Jade Paste is used to irrigate Danmu. The Yellow Emperor then took the jade from Mi Mountain, melted it, and cast it on the south side of Zhong Mountain. Jin and Yu jades were excellent, hard and fine-grained, lustrous and shining, displaying five colors to harmonize hardness and softness. Heaven, Earth, ghosts, and spirits eat and offer it. Gentlemen consume it to ward off misfortune. Carefully noting, Mi Mountain is also near the region of Khotan. "Eating it" refers to ingesting elixirs; "offering it" refers to sacrifices; "consuming it" refers to wearing or ingesting. Yugao is Yuisui (Jade Marrow). *Hetu Yuban* says: On Mount Shaoshi there is white jade paste; consuming it leads to immortality. *Shizhouji* [Records of the Ten Islands] says: On Yingzhou there is jade paste like wine, named Yuli (Jade Nectar); drinking several cups causes intoxication and grants longevity. *Baopuzi* says: On mountains where jade is born, jade paste flows out, bright and clear like rock crystal; mixed with powder of Wuxincao (Herba Glehniae), it turns to water in an instant; consuming one sheng grants longevity. All these refer to this substance. Zangqi says: Now, drinking the water found between jade stones also grants longevity and nourishment.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infertility in women, anti-aging and prolonging life (*Bielu*).
(Recorded in *Bielu* as having a name but not yet used.)
[Names] Guyu (Valley Jade).
Shizhen says: Gu, alternatively written as 珏 or 玨, pronounced Gu or Jue. Two jades joined together are called 珏; this jade often grows in pairs, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Grows in Lantian.
Hongjing says: Zhang Hua said that Guyu is used to make jade pulp; it is pure white with a slight blue tint, free of stone impurities. Large ones are the size of a sheng (a unit of volume), small ones the size of a chicken egg. Those taken from caves are not the jade used for making vessels today. It comes from old mines in Xiangxiang County. During the Huangchu era, an imperial edict ordered General Xiahou Shang to seek it.
Shizhen says: According to *Ge Gu Lun*, ancient jade prioritizes green jade, which is pale green with a yellowish hue. Dark green green jade is best, pale green is secondary. Caiyu (Vegetable Jade) is neither green nor blue-green, resembling vegetable color; this is the lowest grade of jade.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infertility in women, lightening the body, anti-aging, and prolonging life (*Bielu*).
[Appendix] Biyu (Bi Jade) *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, non-toxic. Indicated for improving vision and benefiting qi, causing abundant essence and offspring.
Shizhen says: Bi is a circular auspicious jade. This jade can be made into bi, hence called Biyu. The outer circle of bi symbolizes Heaven, the inner square symbolizes Earth. *Erya* states: A bi six inches in diameter is called Yu; if the flesh (rim width) is double the hole (hao), it is called Bi; if the hole is double the flesh, it is called Yuan.
Yuying *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, indicated for wind-induced skin itching. Grows in mountain crevices, clear and white enough to serve as a mirror, also known as Shijing (Stone Mirror), harvested in the twelfth month.
Heyanshi (Combined Jade Stone) *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, non-toxic. Indicated for benefiting qi, treating Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), lightening the body, and practicing Bigu (grain avoidance). Grows in hills of Changshan, resembling pig fat.
Shizhen says: This is Niannya Sha (Jade Grinding Sand); jade must be ground with this stone to become shiny.
Qinglanggan (Green Langgan) (Lower Grade, *Benjing*)
[Correction] Merged into "Shilangan" (Stone Railing) from *Shenyi*.
[Names] Shilangan (Stone Railing, *Shenyi*), Shizhu (Stone Bead, *Benjing*), Qingzhu (Green Bead, *Bielu*).
Shizhen says: Langgan mimics its sound.
It can be ground into beads, hence the name Zhu (Bead).
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Qinglanggan grows in Pingze, Shu Commandery, harvested at any time.
Hongjing says: This is the Qingzhu and Huanghuan mentioned in *Shudu Fu*. Langgan is also the name of a tree on Kunlun Mountain and the name of a Great Elixir in *Jiu Zhen Jing*.
Gong says: Langgan has several colors; those that are green are superior for medicinal use. It belongs to the category of Liuli (glaze/glass), a Huoji Bao (Fire-made Treasure). It is now produced in the Wujiuman regions west of Xi Prefecture and in Khotan.
Zangqi says: Shilangan grows on the seabed, over a chi tall, resembling a tree, with roots and stems, and pores on the stems as if punctured. Fishermen catch it with nets; when first brought out of the water, it is slightly red, gradually turning green.
Song says: In the Secretariat's collection, there is a diagram of exotic fish depicting Qinglanggan as green, growing in the sea. It is said that sea people catch it with nets from the seabed; it is red upon emerging, turning dark green-black over time. Its branches resemble coral, but with holes like insect borings, and it produces a metallic sound when struck, similar to coral. This description differs from *Bielu*'s claim of growth in Pingze, Shu, and Su Gong's description, leaving people unable to identify it. Carefully checking *Shangshu*: Yongzhou lacks tribute of Qiu, Lin, and Langgan. *Erya* states:
The beauties of the northwest include Min, Lin, and Langgan from the Kunlun Ruins. Kong Anguo and Guo Pu annotated these as stones resembling pearls. However, *Shanhaijing* states: Kunlun Mountain has Langgan. If so, it is a beautiful stone, bright and pearl-like in color, standing upright. Generally, ancients referred to beautiful stones as Zhu (beads); *Guangya* classifies Liuli and Coral as Zhu. The above descriptions all originate from northwestern mountains, whereas the current Diagram claims they are obtained from the sea. Perhaps precious items are produced in both mountains and seas. Currently, physicians rarely use it due to its scarcity.
Zong says: *Book* states: Yongzhou tributes Qiu, Lin, and Langgan. *Xiyu Ji* states: Tianzhu Kingdom produces this item. Su Gong says it is a type of Liuli. Liuli is fire-formed, while Langgan is not; how can they be the same category?
Shizhen says: According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen*, Langgan is a stone resembling jade.
Kong Anguo says: A stone resembling a pearl. *Zonggui* states: Grows between cliffs in the South Sea, shaped like bamboo shoots, texture like jade. *Yuce* states: Grows inside cliffs in the South Sea, naturally formed by sensing Yin and Yang energies, resembling a pearl and red. *Liezi* states: On Penglai Mountain, Zhu Shu (Pearl Trees) grow densely. Based on various accounts, Langgan grows in northwestern mountains and sea cliffs. Those claiming it grows in the deep sea and is netted are describing Coral, not Langgan. In mountains, it is Langgan; in water, it is Coral. Coral also has green varieties. Currently, a type of Qingzhu produced in Hui Muslim regions resembles Bi Dian (indigo), likely processed Langgan. *Shanhaijing* states: North of Kaiming Mountain lies Zhu Shu. *Huainanzi* states: The Nine-Layer Zeng City has Zhu Shu to its west. Zhu Shu is Langgan. See my notes under Coral.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Zhicai says: Kills tin poison; effective with Mercury; fears chicken bone.
[Indications] Body itching, fire sores, carbuncles, scabies, and necrotic muscle tissue (*Benjing*). White alopecia (Tou Xuan), spreading on the skin; boiled and refined for consumption to raise Yin Qi and transform into Cinnabar (*Bielu*). Treats inverted toenails/fingernails (Hongjing).
Shilangan: Indicates for Shi Lin (stone strangury), breaks blood stasis, postpartum evil blood; ground and consumed, or boiled and consumed, or burned and added to wine for consumption (Zangqi).