（《别录》）
【修治】弘景曰∶玉屑是以玉为屑，非别一物也。《仙经》服 玉，
有捣如米粒，乃以苦酒辈，消令如泥，亦有合为浆者。
凡服玉皆不得用已成器物，及冢中玉璞。
恭曰∶饵玉当以消作水者为佳。屑如麻豆服者，取其精润脏腑，滓秽当完出也。又为粉
服者，即使人淋壅。屑如麻豆，其义殊深。化水法，在《淮南三十六水法》中。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。 曰∶咸，寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶恶鹿角，养丹砂。
【主治】除胃中热，喘息烦满，止渴，屑如麻豆服之，久服轻身长年（《别录》）。润心
肺，助声喉，滋毛发（大明）。滋养五脏，止烦躁，宜共金、银、麦门冬等同煎服，有益（李
）。
【附方】新三。
小儿惊啼∶白玉二钱半，寒水石半两，为末，水调涂心下。（《圣惠方》）
癖鬼气，往来疼痛，及心下不可忍者，不拘大人小儿。白玉、赤玉等分，为末，糊丸
梧子大。每服三十丸，姜汤下。（《圣惠方》）
面身瘢痕∶真玉日日磨之，久则自灭。（《圣济录》）
玉泉（《本经》）
【释名】玉札（《本经》）、
玉浆（《开宝》）、琼浆。
普曰∶玉泉，一名玉屑。
弘景曰∶此当是玉之精华，白者质色明澈，可消之为水，故名玉泉。今人无复的识者，
通一为玉尔。
志曰∶按∶别本注云∶玉泉者，玉之泉液也。以仙室玉池中者为上，故一名玉液。今《
仙经》、《三十六水法》中，化玉为玉浆，称为玉泉，服之长年不老，然功劣于自然泉液也。
宗 曰∶《本经》言∶玉泉生蓝田山谷，采无时。今蓝田无玉，而泉水古今不言采。陶
氏言玉为水，故名玉泉。如此则当言玉水，不当言玉泉，泉乃流布之义。今详泉字乃浆之误，
去古既远，文本脱误也。《道藏经》有金饭、玉浆之文，唐李商隐有“琼浆未饮结成冰”之
诗
，是采玉为浆，断无疑矣。别本所注不可取也。若如所言，则举世不能得，亦漫立此名耳。
时珍曰∶玉泉作玉浆甚是。别本所注乃玉髓也，《别录》自有条，诸家未深考尔。
【修治】青霞子曰∶作玉浆法∶玉屑一升，地榆草一升，稻米一升，取白露二升，铜器
中煮，米熟绞汁，玉屑化为水，以药纳入，所谓神仙玉浆也。
藏器曰∶以玉投朱草汁，化成醴。朱草，瑞草也。术家取蟾蜍膏软玉如泥，以苦酒消之
成水。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
普曰∶神农、岐伯、雷公∶甘。李当之∶平。畏款冬花、青竹。
【主治】五脏百病，柔筋强骨，安魂魄，长肌肉，益气，利血脉，久服耐寒暑，不饥渴，
不老神仙。人临死服五斤，三年色不变（《本经》）。疗妇人带下十二病，除气癃，明耳目，
久服轻身长年（《别录》）。治血块（大明）。
【发明】慎微曰∶《天宝遗事》∶杨贵妃含玉咽津，以解肺渴。王莽遗孔休玉曰∶君面有
疵，美玉可以灭瘢。后魏李预得餐玉之法，乃采访蓝田，掘得若环璧杂器形者，大小百余枚，
捶作屑，日食之，经年云有效验，而好酒损志。及疾笃，谓妻子曰∶服玉当屏居山林，排弃
嗜欲，而吾酒色不绝，自致于死，非药之过也。尸体必当有异于人，勿使速殡，令后人知餐
服之功。时七月中旬，长安毒热，停尸四日，而体色不变，口无秽气。
弘景曰∶张华云∶服玉用蓝田谷玉白色者，平常服之，则应神仙。有人临死服五斤，死
经三年，其色不变。古来发冢见尸如生者，其身腹内外，无不大有金玉。汉制，王公皆用珠
襦玉匣，是使不朽故也。炼服之法，水屑随宜。虽曰性平，而服玉者亦多发热，如寒食散状。
金玉既天地重宝，不比余石，若未深解节度，勿轻用之。
志曰∶《抱朴子》云∶服金者，寿如金；服玉者，寿如玉。但其道迟成，须服一、二百
斤，乃可知也。玉可以乌米酒及地榆酒化之为水，亦可以葱浆消之为 ，亦可饵以为丸，亦
可以烧为粉。服之一年以上，入水不沾，入火不灼，刃之不伤，百毒不死。不可用已成之器，
伤人无益，得璞玉乃可用也。赤松子以玄虫血渍玉为水服之，故能乘烟霞上下。玉屑与水服
之，俱令人不死。所以不及金者，令人数数发热，似寒食散状也。若服玉屑，宜十日一服雄
黄、丹砂各一刀圭，散发洗沐冷水，迎风而行，则不发热也。董君异常以玉醴与盲人服，旬
日而目愈也。时珍曰∶汉武帝取金茎露和玉屑服，云可长生，即此物也。但玉亦未必能使生
者不死，惟使死者不朽尔。养尸招盗，反成暴弃，曷若速朽归虚之为见理哉。
（出自《名医别录》）
【修治】陶弘景说：玉屑就是把玉石磨成的粉末，并不是另一种东西。《仙经》中记载服用玉石的方法，有将玉捣碎如米粒大小，然后用醋等液体溶解，使其变成泥状；也有将其调和成浆液的。凡是服用玉石，都不得使用已经制成的器物，以及墓穴中的玉璞。
孟恭说：服用玉石，以能将其化为水状的为佳。如果将玉屑磨得像麻豆那样大小来服用，是为了取其精华滋润脏腑，而杂质则会完整排出体外。另外，如果制成粉状服用，会导致人体淋证壅滞。将玉屑磨得像麻豆那样大小，其中的道理非常深远。将其化为水的方法，记载在《淮南三十六水法》中。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。陈藏器说：味咸，性寒，无毒。
李时珍说：畏恶鹿角，能够养护丹砂（此处指与丹砂配伍或受其影响，原文语境较晦涩，通常理解为相畏或相使关系，此处直译）。
【主治】清除胃中的热邪，缓解喘息、心烦和胸满，止渴。将玉屑磨得像麻豆那样大小服用，长期服用可以使人身体轻盈、延年益寿（《名医别录》）。滋润心肺，帮助声音和喉咙，滋养毛发（唐·大明）。滋养五脏，消除烦躁，适宜与金箔、银箔、麦门冬等同煎服用，有益处（李珣）。
【附方】新增三方。
小儿惊啼：白玉二钱半，寒水石半两，研为细末，用水调匀后涂抹在心口下方。（《太平圣惠方》）
癖积鬼气，疼痛往来，以及心下疼痛难以忍受的，不分大人小孩。白玉、赤玉各等分，研为细末，用糊剂制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，用姜汤送服。（《太平圣惠方》）
面部及身体瘢痕：真玉每日研磨，时间久了自然会消失。（《圣济总录》）
玉泉（出自《神农本草经》）
【释名】玉札（《神农本草经》）、玉浆（《开宝本草》）、琼浆。
陶弘景说：这应当是玉石的精华，白色的质地明澈，可以将其化为水，所以名叫玉泉。现在的人再也没有真正认识它的了，普遍把它当作普通的玉。
苏颂说：按：其他版本的注释说：玉泉，是玉石流出的液汁。以仙室玉池中产出的为上品，所以又名玉液。现在的《仙经》、《三十六水法》中，将玉化为玉浆，称为玉泉，服用后可以延年不老，然而功效不如天然的泉液。
寇宗奭说：《神农本草经》中说：玉泉生长在蓝田山谷，采集没有固定时间。现在蓝田没有玉，而且泉水古今都没有提到要采集。陶弘景说把玉化为水，所以名叫玉泉。如果是这样，应该说“玉水”，而不应该说“玉泉”，因为“泉”有流动散布的意思。现在详细考证，“泉”字应该是“浆”字的误写，因为年代久远，文本出现了脱漏和错误。《道藏经》中有金饭、玉浆的文字，唐代李商隐有“琼浆未饮结成冰”的诗句，这说明采集玉石制作成浆，是毫无疑问的。其他版本所作的注释不可取。如果像注释所说的那样，那么举世之人无法得到，也就只是随意立了这个名字罢了。
李时珍说：玉泉作玉浆是非常正确的。其他版本的注释所说的其实是玉髓，《名医别录》中自有相关条目，各家未能深入考证罢了。
【修治】青霞子说：制作玉浆的方法：玉屑一升，地榆草一升，稻米一升，取白露二升，放入铜器中煮，待米煮熟后绞取汁液，玉屑化为水，将药纳入其中，这就是所谓的“神仙玉浆”。
陈藏器说：将玉投入朱草汁中，化成甜酒般的液体。朱草，是祥瑞之草。术士们取蟾蜍膏软化玉石如泥，再用醋将其消解成水。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
李当之说：神农、岐伯、雷公认为味甘。李当之认为性平。畏恶款冬花、青竹。
【主治】治疗五脏百病，柔润筋骨，强健骨骼，安定魂魄，生长肌肉，益气，通利血脉，长期服用可以耐寒暑，不饥渴，成为不老的神仙。人在临死前服用五斤，三年后脸色不变（《神农本草经》）。治疗妇人带下十二种疾病，消除气癃，明亮耳目，长期服用可以身体轻盈、延年益寿（《名医别录》）。治疗血块（唐·大明）。
【发明】慎微说：《天宝遗事》记载：杨贵妃含着玉石吞咽津液，以解除肺部的口渴。王莽送给孔休玉石说：“你脸上有瑕疵，美玉可以掩盖瘢痕。”后魏的李预得到了餐玉的方法，于是前往蓝田采集，挖掘出像环、璧以及各种杂器形状的玉石，大小一百多枚，捶打成屑，每天食用，过了一年声称有效验，但他嗜好饮酒损害了意志。等到病重时，他对妻子儿女说：“服用玉石应当隐居山林，摒弃嗜欲，而我酒色不断，是自己导致死亡，不是药物的过错。尸体一定会有异于常人之处，不要让他快速下葬，让后人知道餐服的功效。”当时正值七月中旬，长安天气酷热，停放尸体四天，而体色没有变化，口中没有秽气。
陶弘景说：张华说：服用玉石要用蓝田山谷中白色的玉，平时服用，就能成神仙。有人临死前服用五斤，死后经过三年，其面色没有改变。自古以来发掘墓穴见到尸体像活着一样的人，其身腹内外，无不含有大量的金玉。汉代的制度，王公贵族都用珠襦玉匣，这是为了使尸体不朽的缘故。炼制服用的方法，玉屑随宜处理。虽然说是性平，但服用玉石的人也大多会发热，如同服用寒食散后的症状。金玉既然是天地的重宝，不同于其他石头，如果没有深刻理解节度，不要轻易使用。
苏颂说：《抱朴子》说：服用金子的人，寿命像金子一样长久；服用玉石的人，寿命像玉石一样长久。但是这种方法见效慢，必须服用一两二百斤，才能知道效果。玉可以用乌米饭酒及地榆酒将其化为水，也可以用葱浆消解它，也可以制成丸药服用，也可以烧成粉服用。服用一年以上，入水不沾湿，入火不灼烧，刀刃不能伤害，百毒不能致死。不能使用已经制成的器物，这会伤人且无益，只有得到璞玉才可以使用。赤松子用玄虫的血浸泡玉石化为水服用，所以能乘烟霞上下飞行。玉屑与水一起服用，都能让人不死。之所以不如金，是因为让人多次发热，类似寒食散的症状。如果服用玉屑，适宜每十天服用一次雄黄、丹砂各一刀圭的量，散发洗沐冷水，迎风而行，就不会发热了。董君异常给盲人服用玉醴，十天后眼睛痊愈了。李时珍说：汉武帝取金茎露混合玉屑服用，说可以长生，就是这种物质。但是玉石也未必能使活着的人不死，只能使死者不朽罢了。养尸招致盗贼，反而成为暴弃，哪里比得上迅速腐朽回归虚无更符合真理呢。
(From *Bie Lu* [Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians])
[Preparation] Tao Hongjing stated: "Yu xie" (Jade fragments/powder) refers to jade ground into powder; it is not a separate substance. The *Xian Jing* (Scripture of Immortals) records methods for consuming jade, such as pounding it until it resembles rice grains, then dissolving it with vinegar and similar liquids until it becomes mud-like; some also mix it into a paste. When consuming jade, one must not use already manufactured artifacts or jade rough stones from tombs.
Meng Gong stated: For ingesting jade, the best method is to dissolve it into water. If the jade powder is ground to the size of hemp seeds or soybeans for consumption, the purpose is to extract its essence to moisten the zang-fu organs, while the dregs are excreted intact. Conversely, if consumed as fine powder, it may cause strangury and obstruction. Grinding jade to the size of hemp seeds holds profound significance. The method for converting it into water is recorded in the *Huainan Thirty-Six Water Methods*.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Chen Cangqi stated: Salty, cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: Adverse reaction with Deer Antler (Lujiao); nourishes Cinnabar (Dansha).
[Indications] Clears heat from the stomach, relieves wheezing, restlessness, and chest fullness, and stops thirst. Consuming jade powder ground to the size of hemp seeds, over a long period, lightens the body and prolongs life (*Bie Lu*). Moistens the Heart and Lungs, aids the voice and throat, and nourishes hair and follicles (Tang Dynasty - Da Ming). Nourishes the five Zang organs, alleviates irritability, and is beneficial when decocted together with Gold foil (Jinye), Silver foil (Yinye), and Ophiopogon tuber (Mendong) (Li Xun).
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Infantile Fright and Crying: 2.5 qian of White Jade (Baiyu), 0.5 liang of Cold Water Stone (Hanshuishi), ground into powder, mixed with water, and applied to the area below the heart (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Accumulation due to Pathogenic Qi, wandering pain, and unbearable epigastric pain, regardless of adult or child: Equal parts of White Jade (Baiyu) and Red Jade (Chiyu), ground into powder, bound with paste into pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with Ginger Decoction (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Facial and Body Scars: Grind real jade daily; after a long time, they will naturally disappear (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Yu Quan (Jade Spring) (From *Ben Jing*)
[Names] Yu Zha (Jade Plug) (*Ben Jing*), Yu Jiang (Jade Paste) (*Kaibao*), Qiong Jiang (Nectar).
Li Dangzhi stated: Yu Quan is also known as Yu Xie.
Tao Hongjing stated: This should be the essence of jade. The white variety has a clear and transparent texture and can be dissolved into water, hence the name "Jade Spring." Nowadays, no one truly recognizes it, and people generally treat all jade as the same.
Su Song stated: According to: Another version's annotation says: "Yu Quan" refers to the fluid secreted by jade. Those produced in the jade pools of immortal chambers are considered superior, hence also called "Yu Ye" (Jade Fluid). In current *Xian Jing* and *Thirty-Six Water Methods*, jade is converted into jade paste, called "Yu Quan," which prolongs life and prevents aging, though its efficacy is inferior to natural spring fluids.
Kou Zongshi stated: *Ben Jing* states: "Yu Quan grows in the valleys of Lantian, collected at any time." Currently, there is no jade in Lantian, and historical texts do not mention collecting spring water. Tao氏 said jade is turned into water, thus named "Yu Quan." If so, it should be called "Yu Shui" (Jade Water), not "Yu Quan," because "Quan" implies flowing and spreading. Upon detailed examination, the character "Quan" is likely a corruption of "Jiang" (Paste). Due to the passage of time, textual errors occurred. The *Daozang* contains references to "Golden Rice" and "Jade Paste," and Tang poet Li Shangyin wrote "Before drinking the nectar, it formed ice," confirming that jade was harvested to make paste. The annotations in other versions are unreliable. If taken literally, no one in the world could obtain it, making the name arbitrary.
Li Shizhen stated: Interpreting "Yu Quan" as "Yu Jiang" (Jade Paste) is very accurate. The annotations in other versions refer to Jade Marrow (Yusui), which has its own entry in *Bie Lu*; previous scholars failed to investigate deeply.
[Preparation] Qingxiazi stated: Method for making Jade Paste: One sheng of Jade Powder (Yu Xie), one sheng of Sanguisorba root (Diyu Cao), one sheng of Rice (Daomi), and two sheng of White Dew (Bailu). Boil in a copper vessel until the rice is cooked, then strain to extract the juice. The jade powder dissolves into water. Add the medicinal ingredients. This is called the "Immortal Jade Paste."
Chen Cangqi stated: Throw jade into Zhucao (Vermilion Grass) juice, and it transforms into sweet wine. Zhucao is an auspicious grass. Alchemists take Toad ointment to soften jade like mud, then dissolve it with vinegar into water.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Dangzhi stated: Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong considered it sweet. Li Dangzhi considered it neutral. Aversion to Winter Flower (Kuandonghua) and Green Bamboo (Qingzhu).
[Indications] Treats diseases of the five Zang organs and hundred ailments, softens tendons and strengthens bones, calms the Hun and Po, promotes muscle growth, tonifies Qi, benefits blood vessels. Long-term consumption allows endurance of cold and heat, prevents hunger and thirst, and leads to the state of an ageless immortal. If a person consumes five jin before death, their complexion remains unchanged for three years (*Ben Jing*). Treats twelve types of leukorrhea in women, eliminates Qi stagnation and strangury, brightens eyes and ears, and long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life (*Bie Lu*). Treats blood stasis masses (Tang Dynasty - Da Ming).
[Elucidation] Shenwei stated: *Tianbao Yishi* records: Consort Yang held jade in her mouth and swallowed saliva to relieve lung thirst. Wang Mang gave Kong Xiu jade, saying: "You have blemishes on your face; beautiful jade can cover scars." Li Yu of Northern Wei obtained the method of consuming jade, went to Lantian, and excavated over a hundred pieces of jade resembling rings, bi discs, and various utensils. He pounded them into powder and ate them daily. After a year, he claimed effectiveness, but his love for alcohol damaged his willpower. When critically ill, he told his wife and children: "Consuming jade requires seclusion in the mountains and abandoning desires. I indulged in wine and lust, causing my own death. It is not the medicine's fault. My corpse will differ from others; do not bury me quickly, so future generations know the merit of consuming jade." It was mid-July, and Chang'an was extremely hot. The body remained unchanged in color and odorless after four days.
Tao Hongjing stated: Zhang Hua said: Use white jade from Lantian Valley for consumption. Regular consumption leads to immortality. Someone who consumed five jin before death remained unchanged in appearance for three years after death. Historically, corpses found in excavated tombs that appeared alive had large amounts of gold and jade inside and outside their bodies. Han dynasty regulations stipulated that kings and dukes were buried in pearl jackets and jade coffins to ensure imperishability. The method of refining and consuming involves processing jade powder appropriately. Although nature is neutral, consumers often experience fever, similar to symptoms after taking Hanshi San (Cold Food Powder). Since gold and jade are heavy treasures of heaven and earth, unlike other stones, do not use them lightly without deep understanding of dosage and regulation.
Su Song stated: *Baopuzi* says: Those who consume gold live as long as gold; those who consume jade live as long as jade. However, this path is slow; one must consume one or two hundred jin to see results. Jade can be dissolved into water using black rice wine or Sanguisorba wine, or dissolved with scallion paste, made into pills, or burned into powder. After more than a year of consumption, one becomes impervious to water, fire, blades, and poisons. Do not use manufactured artifacts, as they harm people and offer no benefit; only raw jade (Puyu) should be used. Chisongzi soaked jade in the blood of dark insects to create water for consumption, enabling him to ride clouds. Consuming jade powder with water ensures immortality. Its effect is inferior to gold because it causes frequent fevers, resembling Hanshi San symptoms. If consuming jade powder, it is advisable to take Realgar (Xionghuang) and Cinnabar (Dansha), each one Dao-gui, every ten days, wash with cold water, let hair down, walk facing the wind, to prevent fever. Dong Junchang gave blind people Jade Wine (Yu Li), curing their blindness in ten days. Li Shizhen stated: Emperor Wu of Han mixed dew from the Golden Stem with jade powder to consume, claiming it grants longevity. This is the same substance. However, jade may not prevent the living from dying, but rather preserves the dead from decay. Preserving corpses invites theft and desecration; is it not wiser to let the body decompose quickly and return to emptiness?