（《本经》上品）
【释名】白余粮《别录》。
时珍曰∶石中有细粉如面，故曰余粮，俗呼为太一禹余粮。见太一下。
承曰∶会稽山中出者甚多。彼人云∶昔大禹会稽于此，余粮者，本为此尔。
【集解】《别录》曰∶禹余粮生东海池泽，及山岛中或池泽中。
弘景曰∶今多出东阳，形如鹅鸭卵，外有壳重叠，中有黄细末如蒲黄，无沙者佳。近年
茅山凿地大得之，极精好，状如牛黄，重重甲错。其佳处乃紫色靡靡如面，嚼之无复碜，《仙
经》服食用之。南人又呼平泽中一种藤，叶如菝 ，根作块有节，似菝 而色赤，味似薯蓣，
谓为禹余粮，此与生池泽者复有仿佛。或疑今石即是太一也。
颂曰∶今惟泽州、潞州有之。旧说形如鹅鸭卵，外有壳。今图上者全是山石之形，都不
作卵状，与旧说小异。采无时。张华《博物志》言∶扶海洲上有 草，其实食之如大麦，名
自然谷，亦名禹余粮，世传禹治水弃其所余食于江中而为药。则 草与此异物同名，抑与生
池泽者同种乎？
时珍曰∶禹余粮乃石中黄粉，生于池泽；其生山谷者，为太一余粮。本衣冠文物白。陶引藤
生禹余粮，苏引草生禹余粮，虽名同而实不同，殊为迂远。详太一余粮下。
【修治】弘景曰∶凡用，细研水洮，取汁澄之，勿令有沙土也。
曰∶见太一下。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶平。权曰∶咸。
之才曰∶牡丹为之使。伏五金，制三黄。
【主治】咳逆寒热烦满，下赤白，血闭症瘕，大热。炼饵服之，不饥轻身延年（《本经》）。
疗小腹痛结烦疼（《别录》）。主崩中（甄权）。治邪气及骨节疼，四肢不仁，痔 等疾。久服
耐寒暑（大明）。催生，固大肠（时珍）。
【发明】成无己曰∶重可去怯，禹余粮之重，为镇固之剂。
时珍曰∶禹余粮，手足阳明血分重剂也。其性涩，故主下焦前后诸病。李知先诗曰∶下
焦有病患难会，须用余粮、赤石脂。《抱朴子》云∶禹余粮丸日再服，三日后令人多气力，
负担远行，身轻不极。其方药多不录。
【附方】旧三，新六。
大肠咳嗽，咳则遗矢者∶赤石脂禹余粮汤主之。方同下。（《洁古家珍》）
冷劳肠泄不止∶神效太一丹∶禹余粮四两（火 醋淬），乌头一两（冷水浸一夜，去皮、
脐，焙）。为末，醋糊丸梧子大。每食前温水下五丸。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒下痢不止，心下痞硬，利在下焦者，赤石脂禹余粮汤主之。赤石脂、禹余粮各一斤。
并碎之，水六升，煮取二升，去滓，分再服。（仲景《伤寒论》）
赤白带下∶禹余粮（火 醋淬）、干姜等分，赤下干姜减半。为末。空心服二钱匕。（《胜
金方》）
崩中漏下，青黄赤白，使人无子。禹余粮（ 研）、赤石脂（ 研）、牡砺（ 研）、乌
贼骨、
伏龙肝（炒）、桂心等分。为末。温酒服方寸匕，日二服。忌葱、蒜。（张文仲《备急方》）
育肠气痛，妇人小腹痛∶禹余粮为末。每米饮服二钱，日二服，极效。（《卫生易简方》）
产后烦躁∶禹余粮一枚，状如酸馅者，入地埋一半紧筑，炭灰一斤 之。湿土罨一宿
，打破，去外面石，取里面细者研，水淘五、七度，日干，再研万遍。用甘草汤服二钱，一
服立效。（《经验方》）
身面瘢痕∶禹余粮、半夏等分。为末，鸡子黄和敷。先以布拭干，勿见风，日三。十日
，十年者亦灭。（《圣济录》）
大风疠疾，眉发堕落，遍身顽痹。禹余粮二斤，白矾一斤，青盐一斤。为末。罐子固济，
炭火一秤 之，从辰至戌。候冷研粉，埋土中，三日取出。每一两，入九蒸九曝炒熟胡麻末
三两。每服二钱，荆芥茶下，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】白余粮，出自《名医别录》。
李时珍说：石头中含有像面粉一样的细粉，所以叫“余粮”，民间俗称“太一禹余粮”。关于“太一”的解释见下文。
苏颂说：会稽山出产的很多。当地人说：从前大禹在这里会盟诸侯，“余粮”这个名字本来就是为了纪念这件事。
【集解】《名医别录》说：禹余粮生长在东海的池沼湿地，以及山岛中或池泽中。
陶弘景说：现在多产于东阳，形状像鹅蛋或鸭蛋，外面有层层重叠的壳，里面有黄色的细末像蒲黄一样，没有沙粒的为佳。近年来在茅山开凿土地时大量获得，非常精好，状如牛黄，层层甲错。其中好的部分呈紫色，细腻如面粉，嚼起来不再粗糙，《仙经》记载作为服用药物使用。南方人又称呼平泽中的一种藤本植物，叶子像菝葜，根部结成块状且有节，类似菝葜但颜色发红，味道像山药，称之为禹余粮，这与生长在池泽中的矿物禹余粮又有相似之处。有人怀疑现在的石质禹余粮就是太一禹余粮。
苏颂说：现在只有泽州、潞州有出产。旧时的说法是形状像鹅鸭卵，外面有壳。现在图谱上画的完全是山石的形状，完全不像卵状，与旧说略有不同。采集没有固定时间。张华《博物志》中说：扶海洲上有草，它的果实吃起来像大麦，名叫自然谷，也叫禹余粮，世人传说大禹治水时把他剩下的食物扔进江中变成了药。那么这种草与此物同名，还是与生长在池泽中的矿物是同一种呢？
李时珍说：禹余粮是石头中的黄色粉末，生长在池泽；生长在山谷中的，是太一禹余粮。原本衣冠文物制度完备。陶弘景引用藤生的禹余粮，苏颂引用草生的禹余粮，虽然名字相同但实质不同，非常牵强附会。详细情况参见太一禹余粮条目下。
【修治】陶弘景说：凡是用药，需细细研磨，用水漂洗，取澄清的汁液，不要让其中有沙土。
苏颂说：见太一下。
【气味】甘味，寒性，无毒。《名医别录》说：性平。王权说：咸味。
徐之才说：牡丹是它的引经药（使药）。能克制五金（金类矿物药），制约三黄（大黄、黄连、黄芩等苦寒药）。
【主治】治疗咳嗽气逆、寒热交替、心中烦闷胀满，下痢赤白，血闭及症瘕积聚，大热。炼制成丸饵服用，可以不觉饥饿，身体轻健，延年益寿（《神农本草经》）。
治疗小腹痛结烦疼（《名医别录》）。主崩漏（甄权）。治疗邪气及骨节疼痛，四肢麻木不仁，痔疮等疾病。长期服用可以耐寒暑（大明）。催生，固涩大肠（李时珍）。
【发明】成无己说：重镇之品可以去怯，禹余粮质地沉重，属于镇固类的药剂。
李时珍说：禹余粮是手足阳明经血分中的重剂。它的性质涩滞，所以主要治疗下焦前后二阴的各种疾病。李知先的诗说：下焦有病难以理解，必须用余粮、赤石脂。《抱朴子》说：禹余粮丸每天服两次，三天后让人力气增加，背负重物远行，身体轻便不疲劳。其方药大多未收录。
【附方】旧方三个，新方六个。
大肠咳嗽，咳嗽时遗屎的：用赤石脂禹余粮汤主治。方剂同下。（《洁古家珍》）
冷劳导致肠泄不止：神效太一丹：禹余粮四两（用火煅后醋淬），乌头一两（冷水浸泡一夜，去皮、脐，焙干）。研为末，用醋糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每餐前温水送服五丸。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒下痢不止，心下痞硬，泻利在下焦的，用赤石脂禹余粮汤主治。赤石脂、禹余粮各一斤。一起捣碎，用水六升，煮取二升，去渣，分两次服用。（仲景《伤寒论》）
赤白带下：禹余粮（火煅醋淬）、干姜等分，如果是赤带则干姜减半。研为末。空腹服用二钱匕。（《胜金方》）
崩中漏下，青黄赤白各色出血，导致不孕。禹余粮（研细）、赤石脂（研细）、牡蛎（研细）、乌贼骨、伏龙肝（炒）、桂心等分。研为末。温酒送服方寸匕，每日两次。忌食葱、蒜。（张文仲《备急方》）
育肠气痛，妇人小腹痛：禹余粮研为末。每次用米饮送服二钱，每日两次，效果极佳。（《卫生易简方》）
产后烦躁：一枚禹余粮，形状像酸馅的，埋入地下的一半处并紧实填筑，用一斤炭灰覆盖它。湿土覆盖一夜，打破，去掉外面的石头，取里面的细粉研磨，用水淘洗五六次，晒干，再研磨万遍。用甘草汤送服二钱，一次服用立即见效。（《经验方》）
身面瘢痕：禹余粮、半夏等分。研为末，用鸡蛋黄调和敷贴。先用布擦拭干净患处，不要见风，每日三次。十天，十年的瘢痕也能消除。（《圣济录》）
大风疠疾，眉毛头发脱落，全身顽痹。禹余粮二斤，白矾一斤，青盐一斤。研为末。用罐子密封固济，用一秤炭火煅烧，从辰时到戌时。冷却后研成粉，埋在土中三天取出。每一两药粉，加入九蒸九晒炒熟的胡麻末三两。每次服用二钱，荆芥茶送服，每日两次。（《圣惠方》）
(Shangpin, High Grade) in *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica).
[Names] Bai Yuliang, recorded in *Bielu*.
Li Shizhen states: The stone contains fine powder resembling flour, hence the name "Yuliang" (Surplus Grain). It is commonly known as "Taiyi Yuyuliang" (Great One Yu's Surplus Grain). See the entry for Taiyi.
Su Song states: It is produced in abundance in Kuaiji Mountain. Locals say: In ancient times, Great Yu held a meeting at this place; the name "Yuliang" originated from this event.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Yuyuliang grows in the pools and marshes of the East Sea, as well as in mountain islands or within pools and marshes.
Tao Hongjing states: It is now mostly produced in Dongyang. Its shape resembles goose or duck eggs, with overlapping shells on the outside and yellow fine powder inside resembling Puhuang (Cattail Pollen). That without sand is superior. Recently, large quantities were obtained by excavating land in Maoshan; it was extremely fine and good, resembling Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), with layered cracks. The finest parts are purple and soft like flour, and do not feel gritty when chewed. It is used in *Xianjing* (Classic of Immortals) for ingestion. People in the south also refer to a vine growing in flat marshes, whose leaves resemble Bqie (Smilax), and whose roots form knotted tubers similar to Bqie but reddish in color and tasting like Shuyu (Dioscorea Opposita), calling it Yuyuliang. This resembles the mineral Yuyuliang found in pools and marshes. Some suspect that the current stone Yuyuliang is indeed Taiyi Yuyuliang.
Su Song states: It is currently only found in Zezhou and Luzhou. Old descriptions say it resembles goose or duck eggs with an outer shell. However, the illustrations in current maps show only mountain rock shapes, completely lacking the egg-like form, differing slightly from old descriptions. It can be collected at any time. Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* (Insectary of Marvels) mentions a grass on Fuhai Island whose fruit tastes like barley, named Ziran Gu (Natural Grain) or also Yuyuliang. Legend has it that when Great Yu controlled the floods, he discarded his leftover food into the rivers, which turned into medicine. Thus, this grass shares the same name but is a different substance; or perhaps it is the same species as the mineral found in pools and marshes?
Li Shizhen states: Yuyuliang is the yellow powder within stones, growing in pools and marshes; what grows in mountains and valleys is Taiyi Yuyuliang. Originally, the rituals and culture were complete. Tao Hongjing cited the vine-grown Yuyuliang, and Su Song cited the grass-grown Yuyuliang. Although they share the name, their substances differ, making these references quite far-fetched. For details, see the entry for Taiyi Yuyuliang.
[Processing] Tao Hongjing states: When used, it must be finely ground and washed with water (taolao) to extract the juice, ensuring no sand or soil remains.
Su Song states: See Taiyi below.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Neutral. Wang Quan states: Salty.
Xu Zhicai states: Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) acts as its Shi (Guide Herb). It controls Wujin (Five Metals) and restrains Sanhuang (Three Yellows).
[Indications] Treats cough with qi rebellion, alternating chills and fever, chest fullness and irritability, dysentery with red and white discharge, blood obstruction, masses and accumulations, and high fever. Taken as refined pills, it suppresses hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treats painful knots and irritability in the lower abdomen (*Bielu*). Mainly treats Bengzhong (Metrorrhagia) (Zhen Quan). Treats pathogenic factors, joint pain, numbness of the four limbs, and hemorrhoids. Long-term use enables resistance to cold and heat (Daming). Promotes childbirth and consolidates the Large Intestine (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Cheng Wuji states: Heavy substances dispel fear. Due to its heaviness, Yuyuliang belongs to sedative and consolidating agents.
Li Shizhen states: Yuyuliang is a heavy agent for the Blood aspect of the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians. Its nature is astringent, thus it mainly treats various diseases of the anterior and posterior orifices of the Lower Jiao. Li Zhixian's poem says: "When diseases afflict the Lower Jiao and are hard to comprehend, one must use Yuliang and Chishizhi." *Baopuzi* states: Taking Yuyuliang Pills twice daily increases strength after three days, allowing one to carry heavy loads over long distances with a light body and no fatigue. The specific formulas are mostly not recorded.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, six new ones.
Large Intestine Cough, where coughing leads to fecal incontinence: Treated with Chishizhi Yuyuliang Tang. Formula is the same as below (*Jiegua Jiazhen*).
Cold consumption with unceasing intestinal diarrhea: Shenxiao Taiyi Dan: Yuyuliang 4 liang (calcined and quenched in vinegar), Aotou 1 liang (soaked in cold water overnight, skin and navel removed, dried). Grind into powder, make pills with vinegar paste the size of wutong seeds. Take 5 pills with warm water before each meal (*Shenghui Fang*).
Typhoid disease with unceasing dysentery, epigastric hardness, and diarrhea located in the Lower Jiao: Treated with Chishizhi Yuyuliang Tang. Chishizhi and Yuyuliang, 1 jin each. Crush them, add 6 sheng of water, boil to obtain 2 sheng, remove dregs, and divide into two doses (*Zhongjing, Shanghan Lun*).
Red and White Leukorrhea: Yuyuliang (calcined and quenched in vinegar) and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) in equal parts. If red discharge predominates, reduce Ganjiang by half. Grind into powder. Take 2 qianbi on an empty stomach (*Shengjin Fang*).
Metrorrhagia and Metrorrhexis, with green, yellow, red, and white discharges causing infertility. Yuyuliang (finely ground), Chishizhi (finely ground), Muli (Oyster Shell, finely ground), Ouwugu (Cuttlefish Bone), Fulonggan (Dragon's House Earth, stir-fried), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Take one fangcunbi with warm wine, twice daily. Avoid scallions and garlic (*Zhang Wenzhong, Beijifang*).
Intestinal Qi pain, lower abdominal pain in women: Yuyuliang ground into powder. Take 2 qian with rice drink, twice daily. Extremely effective (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*).
Postpartum Irritability: One piece of Yuyuliang resembling a sour filling. Bury half of it tightly in the ground, cover with 1 jin of charcoal ash. Cover with wet earth for one night. Break open, remove the outer stone, take the inner fine part, grind it, wash with water five or seven times, dry in the sun, and grind ten thousand times more. Take 2 qian with Licorice Decoction. Immediate effect after one dose (*Jingyan Fang*).
Scars on Body and Face: Yuyuliang and Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with egg yolk, and apply. First wipe the area dry with cloth, avoid wind exposure, apply three times daily. After ten days, even ten-year-old scars will disappear (*Shengji Lu*).
Severe Leprosy, with loss of eyebrows and hair, and generalized numbness/paralysis. Yuyuliang 2 jin, Baifan (Alumen) 1 jin, Qingyan (Green Salt) 1 jin. Grind into powder. Seal in a jar, calcine with one cheng of charcoal fire from Chen hour to Xu hour. Cool down, grind into powder, bury in soil for three days, then retrieve. For every 1 liang of powder, add 3 liang of Jiuzheng Jiubao Chao Shuma Mo (Nine-steamed, nine-sun-dried, roasted Sesame Seed Powder). Take 2 qian with Schizonepeta Tea, twice daily (*Shenghui Fang*).