（山禽类一十三种，附一种）
（《拾遗》）
【释名】瑞
时珍曰∶《禽经》云∶雄凤雌凰，亦曰瑞 。 者，百鸟偃伏也。羽虫三百六十，凤为
之长，故从鸟从凡。凡，总也。古作朋字，象形。凰者，美也，大也。
【集解】时珍曰∶凤，南方朱鸟也。按《韩诗外传》云∶凤之象，鸿前麟后，燕颔鸡
喙，蛇颈鱼尾，鹳颡鸳腮，龙纹龟背。羽备五采，高四五尺。翱翔四海，天下有道则见。
其翼若干，其声若箫。不啄生虫，不折生草。不群居，不侣行。非梧桐不栖，非竹实不食，
非醴泉不饮。《山海经》云∶丹穴之山有鸟，状如鸡，五采而纹，饮食自然，自歌自舞，见
则天下安宁。蔡衡云∶象凤有五∶赤多者凤，青多者鸾，黄多者 ，紫多者 ，白多者
鹄。又群书立名各异，文繁不录。按罗存斋《尔雅翼》云∶南恩州北甘山，壁立千仞，猿
狈不能至。凤凰巢其上，惟食虫鱼。遇大风雨飘堕其雏，小者犹如鹤，而足差短。
凤凰台
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】劳损积血，利血脉，安神。治惊邪，癫痫鸡痫，发热狂走，水磨服之（藏器）。
【发明】藏器曰∶凤凰脚下白物如石者，名凤凰台。凤虽灵鸟，时或来仪。候其栖止处
，掘土二三尺取之，状如圆石、白似卵者，是也。然凤非梧桐不栖，非竹实不食，那复近地
而有台入土乎？正物有自然之理，不可晓也。今有凤处未必有竹，有竹处未必有凤，恐是麟
凤洲有之。如汉时所贡续弦胶，煎凤髓造成者，曷足怪哉？
时珍曰∶按《吕氏春秋》云∶流沙之西，丹山之南，有凤鸟之卵，沃民所食。则所产
之地不以为异也。续弦胶，《洞冥记》以为鸾血作成。故《雷公炮炙论》云∶断弦折剑，遇
鸾血而如初。陈氏以为凤髓所作，要皆诳言，不必深辩。
（山禽类共十三种，附一种）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】瑞鸟
李时珍说：《禽经》记载：雄性的叫凤，雌性的叫凰，也统称为瑞鸟。“瑞”的意思是，百鸟都会俯首臣服。羽虫共有三百六十种，凤凰是它们的领袖，所以“凤”字由“鸟”和“凡”组成。“凡”，意为总括、统领。古时候写作“朋”字，是象形字。“凰”的意思是，美丽、宏大。
【集解】李时珍说：凤凰，是南方的朱鸟。据《韩诗外传》记载：凤凰的形象，前部像鸿雁，后部像麒麟，下巴像燕子，嘴像鸡，脖子像蛇，尾巴像鱼，额头像鹳鸟，脸颊像鸳鸯，身上有龙的纹路，背部像乌龟。羽毛具备五种颜色，身高四五尺。它在四海翱翔，天下太平时才出现。它的翅膀像干戚（古代兵器），声音像箫。它不啄食活着的昆虫，不折断活着的草。它不群居，不结伴飞行。不是梧桐树就不栖息，不是竹子的果实就不吃，不是甘甜的泉水就不喝。《山海经》记载：丹穴山上有一种鸟，形状像鸡，羽毛五彩斑斓且有花纹，饮食自然，自己唱歌自己跳舞，它出现则天下安宁。蔡衡说：凤凰的形象有五种区别：红色多的叫凤，青色多的叫鸾，黄色多的叫鹓鶵（yuān chú），紫色多的叫鸑鷟（yuè zhuó），白色多的叫鹄。另外各类书籍对它们的命名各不相同，文字繁杂不再一一记录。据罗愿《尔雅翼》记载：南恩州北面的甘山，峭壁千仞，猿猴和狈都无法到达。凤凰在山顶筑巢，只吃虫子和鱼。遇到大风大雨吹落雏鸟，小的就像鹤，但脚稍微短一些。
【气味】辛味，平性，无毒。
【主治】治疗劳损导致的积血，疏通血脉，安定神志。治疗惊邪、癫痫以及鸡痫（类似癫痫的症状）、发热狂躁奔走等症状，用水磨碎服用（出自陈藏器）。
【发明】陈藏器说：凤凰脚下白色的石头状物体，名叫凤凰台。凤凰虽然是灵鸟，偶尔也会来仪态展示。等待它栖息停留的地方，挖掘土二三尺深取出的东西，形状像圆石、白得像蛋清一样的，就是凤凰台。然而凤凰不是梧桐树不栖息，不是竹子果实不吃，怎么会在靠近地面的地方有凤凰台并深入泥土呢？这大概是事物自然的道理，无法完全知晓。现在有的地方有凤凰未必有竹子，有竹子的地方未必有凤凰，恐怕是在麟凤洲才有这种东西。就像汉代进贡的续弦胶，说是用凤凰骨髓煎制而成的，有什么好奇怪的呢？
李时珍说：据《吕氏春秋》记载：流沙的西面，丹山的南面，有凤凰的卵，是沃民所吃的食物。那么出产这种卵的地方也不觉得奇怪。关于续弦胶，《洞冥记》认为是用鸾的血制成的。所以《雷公炮炙论》说：断掉的琴弦或折断的剑，遇到鸾血就能恢复如初。陈氏认为是用凤凰骨髓制作的，这些都可能是谎话，不必深入辩驳。
(Thirteen species of mountain birds, with one additional species)
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names] Auspicious Bird (Rui)
Li Shizhen states: According to the *Qin Jing* (Classic of Birds), the male is called Feng (Phoenix), and the female is called Huang (Phoenix). They are also collectively referred to as Rui (Auspicious Bird). "Rui" signifies that all other birds bow down in submission. Among the 360 types of feathered creatures, the Phoenix is their leader; hence, the character for "Feng" consists of "bird" (Niao) and "fan" (All/General). "Fan" means general or total. In ancient times, it was written as the character "Peng," which is an ideogram. "Huang" means beautiful and grand.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: The Phoenix is the Vermilion Bird of the South. According to the *Han Shi Wai Zhuan*, the image of the Phoenix resembles a swan in front and a Qilin (Kylin) behind, with a swallow's jaw, a chicken's beak, a snake's neck, a fish's tail, a stork's forehead, and mandarin duck cheeks. Its scales resemble those of a dragon, and its back resembles that of a turtle. Its feathers display five colors, and it stands four to five chi tall. It soars across the four seas and appears only when the world is governed by the Way. Its wings resemble axes and halberds, and its voice resembles a xiao (vertical bamboo flute). It does not peck at living insects nor break living grass. It does not live in flocks nor travel in pairs. It perches only on parasol trees (Wutong), eats only bamboo seeds, and drinks only sweet spring water. The *Shan Hai Jing* (Classic of Mountains and Seas) records: On Mount Danxue, there is a bird shaped like a chicken, with five-colored patterned feathers. It feeds and drinks naturally, sings and dances on its own; its appearance brings peace to the world. Cai Heng states: There are five distinctions in the appearance of phoenixes: those with more red are Feng; those with more blue/green are Luan (Luan Bird); those with more yellow are Yuanchu; those with more purple are Yuezhuo; and those with more white are Gu (Swan). Furthermore, various books name them differently, and the text is too voluminous to record here. According to Luo Yuan's *Erya Yi*: In Beigan Mountain north of Nan'en Prefecture, cliffs rise thousands of ren high, unreachable by apes and bei (mythical beasts). Phoenixes nest there, feeding only on insects and fish. When strong winds and rain blow their chicks down, the small ones resemble cranes but have slightly shorter legs.
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats exhaustion-induced blood stasis, promotes the flow of meridians and vessels, and calms the spirit. Treats fright-evil, epilepsy, and "ji xian" (epilepsy-like symptoms in chickens or humans manifesting similarly), fever, mania, and frantic running. Grind with water and take orally (attributed to Chen Cangqi).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi states: The white stone-like substance found under the feet of the Phoenix is named Fenghuang Tai (Phoenix Terrace). Although the Phoenix is a spiritual bird, it occasionally comes to display its grace. One should wait for where it perches, dig two or three chi deep into the soil, and retrieve the object. If it resembles a round stone and is white like an egg white, it is indeed Fenghuang Tai. However, since the Phoenix perches only on parasol trees and eats only bamboo seeds, how could such a terrace exist near the ground and enter the soil? This must be a natural principle of things that cannot be fully understood. Currently, places with Phoenixes may not necessarily have bamboo, and places with bamboo may not necessarily have Phoenixes. It is likely that this exists only in the Land of Qilin and Phoenix. For instance, the "String-Mending Glue" presented during the Han Dynasty was said to be made by boiling Phoenix marrow; what is strange about that?
Li Shizhen states: According to the *Lüshi Chunqiu*: West of the Flowing Sands and south of Mount Dan, there are Phoenix eggs, which are eaten by the Wo people. Thus, the place of origin is not considered unusual. Regarding the String-Mending Glue, the *Dong Ming Ji* (Records of Mysterious Events) attributes its creation to Luan blood. Therefore, the *Leigong Paozhi Lun* states: Broken strings or snapped swords return to their original state upon contact with Luan blood. Chen氏 (Mr./Ms. Chen) believed it was made from Phoenix marrow. These are likely fabrications and need not be debated extensively.