（《拾遗》）
【释名】 鸠（音夺）、寇雉。藏器曰∶雀从北来，当有贼下，边人候之，故名。时珍
曰∶案∶《唐书》云∶高宗时，突厥犯塞。始虏未叛，有鸣 群飞入塞。边人惊曰∶此鸟一
名突厥雀，南飞则突厥必入寇。已而果然。案∶此即《尔雅》“ 鸠，寇雉”也。然则夺寇
之义，亦由此矣。
【集解】藏器曰∶突厥雀，生塞北，状如雀而身赤。时珍曰∶案∶郭璞云∶ 鸠生北方
沙漠地。大如鸽，形似雌雉，鼠脚无后趾，歧尾。为鸟憨急群飞。张华云∶ 生关西。飞则
雌前雄后，随其行止。庄周云∶青 ，爱其子而忘其母。
肉
【气味】甘，热，无毒。
【主治】补虚暖中（藏器）。
（《别录》中品）
【释名】瓦雀、宾雀。时珍曰∶雀，短尾小鸟也。故字从小，从佳。佳（音锥），鸟之
短
尾也。栖宿檐瓦之间，驯近阶除之际，如宾客然，故曰瓦雀、宾雀，又谓之嘉宾也。俗呼老
而斑者为麻雀，小而黄口者为黄雀。
【集解】时珍曰∶雀，处处有之。羽毛斑褐，颔嘴皆黑。头如颗蒜，目如擘椒。尾长二
寸许，爪距黄白色，跃而不步。其视惊瞿，其目夜盲，其卵有斑，其性最淫。小者名黄雀。
八九月群飞田间。体绝肥，背有脂如披绵。性味皆同，可以炙食，作 甚美。案∶《逸周
书》云∶季秋雀入大水为蛤。雀不入水，国多淫 。又《临海异物志》云∶南海有黄雀鱼。
常以六月化为黄雀，十月入海为鱼。则所谓雀化蛤者盖此类。若家雀则未常变化也。又有白
雀，纬书以为瑞应所感。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。弘景曰∶雀肉不可合李食，不可合酱食。妊妇食雀肉、饮
酒，令子多淫；食雀肉、豆酱
【主治】冬三月食之，起阳道，令人有子（藏器）。壮阳益气，暖腰膝，缩小便，治血
崩带下（《日华》）。益精髓，续五脏不足气。宜常食之，不可停辍（孟诜）。
【发明】宗 曰∶正月以前、十月以后，宜食之，取其阴阳静定未泄也。故卵亦取第一
番者。颂曰∶今人取雀肉和蛇床子熬膏，和药丸服，补下有效，谓之驿马丸。此法起于唐世，
云明皇服之有验。时珍曰∶《圣济总录》治虚寒雀附丸，用肥雀肉三、四十枚，同附子熬膏
丸药，亦祖此
【附方】新六。
补益老人∶治老人脏腑虚损羸瘦，阳气乏弱。雀儿五只（如常治），粟米一合，葱白三
茎，
心气劳伤∶朱雀汤∶治心气劳伤，因变诸疾。用雄雀一只（取肉炙），赤小豆一合，人
参、赤茯苓、大枣肉、紫石英、小麦各一两，紫菀、远志肉、丹参各半两，甘草（炙）二钱
半，细
肾冷偏坠疝气∶用生雀三枚，燎毛去肠，勿洗，以舶上茴香三钱，胡椒一钱，缩砂、桂
肉各二钱，入肚内，湿纸裹，煨熟，空心食之，酒下，良。（《直指方》）
小肠疝气∶用带毛雀儿一枚去肠，入金丝矾末五钱缝合，以桑柴火煨成炭，为末。空心
无灰酒服。年深者，二服愈。（《瑞竹堂方》）
赤白痢下∶腊月取雀儿，去肠肚皮毛，以巴豆仁一枚入肚内，瓶固济， 存性，研末。
以好酒煮黄蜡百沸，取蜡和，丸梧桐子大。每服一、二十丸。红痢，甘草汤下；白痢，干姜
汤下。（《普济方》）
内外目障∶治目昏生翳，远视似有黑花，及内障不见物。用雀儿十个（去毛翅足嘴，连
肠胃骨肉研烂），磁石（ ，醋淬七次，水飞）、神曲（炒）、青盐、肉苁蓉（酒浸炙）各一
两，菟丝子（酒浸三日，晒）三两，为末。以酒二升，少入炼蜜，同雀、盐研膏和，丸梧桐
子大。每温酒下二十丸，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
雀卵
【气味】酸，温，无毒。五月取之。
【主治】下气，男子阴痿不起，强之令热，多精有子（《别录》）。和天雄、菟丝子末为
丸，空心酒下五丸，治男子阴痿不起，女子带下，便溺不利，除疝瘕（孟诜）。
【发明】弘景曰∶雀利阴阳，故卵亦然。术云∶雀卵和天雄服之，令茎不衰。
颂曰∶按∶《素问》云∶胸胁支满者，妨于食，病至则先闻臊臭，出清液，先唾血，四
故月事衰少不来。治之以乌 鱼骨、 茹，二物并合之，丸以雀卵，大如小豆，以五丸为
饭，饮鲍鱼汁，以利肠中及伤肝也。饮后药先为后饭。本草三药并不治血枯，而经法用之，
是攻其所生所起耳。
时珍曰∶今人知雀卵能益男子阳虚，不知能治女子血枯，盖雀卵益精血耳。
肝
【主治】肾虚阳弱（《圣惠》四雄丸用之）。
头血
【主治】雀盲（《别录》。弘景曰∶雀盲，乃人患黄昏时无所见，如雀目夜盲也。日二，
取血点之。）
脑
【气味】平。
【主治】绵裹塞耳，治聋。又涂冻疮（孟诜。时珍曰∶按∶张子和方∶腊月雀脑烧灰，
油调涂之亦可）。
喙及脚胫骨
【主治】小儿乳癖，每用一具煮汁服。或烧灰，米饮调服（时珍）。
雄雀屎
一名白丁香（俗名）、青丹（《拾遗》）、雀苏（《炮炙论》）。
【修治】《日华》曰∶凡鸟右翼掩左者是雄。其屎头尖挺直。
曰∶凡使，勿用雀儿粪。雀儿口黄，未经淫者也。其雀苏底坐尖在上是雄，两头圆者
是雌。阴人使雄，阳人使雌。腊月采得，去两畔附着者，钵中研细，以甘草水浸一夜，去水
焙干用。
时珍曰∶《别录》只用雄雀屎。雌雄分用，则出自雷氏也。
【气味】苦，温，微毒。
【主治】疗目痛，决痈疖，女子带下，溺不利，除疝瘕（《别录》）。疗龋齿（陶弘景）。
和首生男子乳点目中， 肉、赤脉贯瞳子者即消，神效。和蜜丸服，治症瘕久痼冷病。和少
干姜服之，大肥悦人（苏恭）。痈苦不溃者，点涂即溃。急黄欲死者，汤化服之立苏。腹中
癖、诸块、伏梁者，和干姜、桂心、艾叶为丸服之，能令消烂（藏器）。和天雄、干姜丸服，
能强阴（孟诜）。消积除胀，通咽塞口噤，女人乳肿，疮疡中风，风虫牙痛。（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶雀食诸谷，易致消化。故所治疝瘕积胀 癖，及目翳 肉，痈疽疮疖，
咽噤齿龋诸症，皆取其能消烂之义也。
【附方】旧六，新八。
霍乱不通，胀闷欲死，因伤饱取凉者∶用雄雀粪二十一粒，炒研末，温酒半盏调服。未
效，再服。（《总录》）
目中翳膜∶治目热生赤白膜。以雄雀屎和人乳点上，自烂。（《肘后方》）
风虫牙痛∶雄雀屎，绵裹塞孔中，日二易之，效。（《外台》）
咽喉噤塞∶雄雀屎末，温水灌半钱。（《外台》）
小儿口噤中风∶用雀屎，水丸麻子大。饮下二丸，即愈。（《千金方》）
小儿不乳∶用雀屎四枚末之，着乳上与吮。（《总微》）
小儿痘 ∶白丁香末，入麝少许，米饮服一钱。（《保幼大全》）
妇人吹乳∶独胜散∶白丁香半两，为末。以温酒服一钱。（《简要济众》）
破伤风疮作白痂无血者∶杀人最急。以雄雀粪（直者）研末，热酒服半钱。（《普济》）
破决痈疖∶诸痈已成脓，惧针者。取雀屎涂疮头，即易决。（《梅师方》）
瘭疮作痛∶用雀屎、燕窠土研，敷之。（《直指》）
浸淫疮癣∶洗净，以雀屎、酱瓣和研，日涂之。（《千金翼》）
喉痹乳蛾∶白丁香二十个，以沙糖和作三丸。每以一丸绵裹含咽，即时遂愈。甚者不过
两
面疮酒刺∶白丁香十粒，蜜一两浸，早夜点，久久自去。（《普济方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】鸠（读音同“夺”）、寇雉。陈藏器说：雀从北方飞来，预示将有贼兵入侵，边地百姓观察此鸟来预测敌情，因此得名。李时珍说：查阅《唐书》记载：唐高宗时期，突厥侵犯边境。起初突厥尚未反叛，有这种鸟成群结队飞入边塞。边地百姓惊恐地说：“这种鸟又名突厥雀，向南飞则突厥必定入侵。”后来果然应验。考证：这就是《尔雅》中记载的“鸠，寇雉”。那么“夺寇”的含义，也是由此而来。
【集解】陈藏器说：突厥雀，生长在塞北，形状像麻雀但身体呈红色。李时珍说：考证郭璞的说法：鸠生长在北方沙漠地带。体型像鸽子，外形似雌性野鸡，脚像老鼠脚且没有后趾，尾巴分叉。这种鸟性情憨厚急躁，喜欢群飞。张华说：生长在关西地区。飞翔时雌鸟在前雄鸟在后，跟随它们的行进路线。庄周说：青鸠爱护幼鸟而忘记母亲。
肉
【气味】味甘，性热，无毒。
【主治】补益虚损，温暖中焦（陈藏器）。
（出自《名医别录》，列为中品）
【释名】瓦雀、宾雀。李时珍说：雀是短尾的小鸟。所以字形由“小”和“佳”组成。“佳”（读音同“锥”），指短尾的鸟。它们栖息在屋檐瓦片之间，驯服地靠近台阶附近，如同宾客一般，所以称为瓦雀、宾雀，又被称为嘉宾。俗呼年老长斑点的为麻雀，小而嘴黄色的为黄雀。
【集解】李时珍说：雀到处都有。羽毛褐色带斑纹，下巴和喙都是黑色的。头圆如蒜瓣，眼睛像剥开的辣椒籽。尾巴长约二寸左右，爪距呈黄白色，跳跃而不行走。它们眼神惊惧，夜间视力差（夜盲），卵上有斑点，性情最淫乱。小的叫黄雀。八九月间成群在田间飞翔。身体非常肥壮，背部有脂肪像铺着的丝绵。性味都相同，可以烤着吃，味道很美。考证：《逸周书》说：深秋时节雀入大水化为蛤。雀并不入水，如果国家多淫乱之事，雀就不入水。又《临海异物志》说：南海有黄雀鱼。常在六月化为黄雀，十月入海变为鱼。那么所谓“雀化蛤”大概是指这类情况。如果是家雀则从未变化过。又有白雀，纬书认为这是祥瑞感应所致。
肉
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。陶弘景说：雀肉不可与李子同食，不可与酱同食。孕妇吃雀肉、饮酒，会使孩子多淫欲；吃雀肉、豆酱……
【主治】冬季三个月食用，可兴阳道，使人有子嗣（陈藏器）。壮阳益气，温暖腰膝，缩小便，治疗血崩和带下病（《日华子本草》）。补益精髓，接续五脏不足之气。应当经常食用，不可停止（孟诜）。
【发明】苏颂说：正月以前、十月以后，适宜食用，取其阴阳静定未泄发之时。所以取卵也选第一窝的。苏颂说：现在的人取雀肉和蛇床子熬膏，混合药物制成丸剂服用，对补益下部有效，称为驿马丸。这种方法始于唐代，说明皇服用有效。李时珍说：《圣济总录》治疗虚寒证的雀附丸，用肥雀肉三四十枚，同附子熬膏制成药丸，也是沿袭此法。
【附方】新方六首。
补益老人：治疗老人脏腑虚损消瘦，阳气乏弱。雀儿五只（按常规处理），粟米一合，葱白三茎。
心气劳伤：朱雀汤：治疗心气劳伤，因之引发各种疾病。用雄雀一只（取肉烤熟），赤小豆一合，人参、赤茯苓、大枣肉、紫石英、小麦各一两，紫菀、远志肉、丹参各半两，甘草（炙）二钱半，细辛……
肾冷偏坠疝气：用生雀三枚，燎去毛去掉肠子，不要洗，将舶上茴香三钱，胡椒一钱，缩砂仁、桂肉各二钱，放入肚内，用湿纸包裹，煨熟，空腹食用，酒送服，效果良好。（《直指方》）
小肠疝气：用带毛雀儿一枚去掉肠子，放入金丝矾末五钱缝合，用桑柴火煨成炭，研为粉末。空腹用无灰酒送服。病程长的，服两次痊愈。（《瑞竹堂方》）
赤白痢疾：腊月取雀儿，去掉肠子和肚皮毛，将巴豆仁一枚放入肚内，用瓶子密封固济，存其本性，研为粉末。用好酒煮黄蜡至沸腾，取蜡调和，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用一二十丸。红痢用甘草汤送下；白痢用干姜汤送下。（《普济方》）
内外目障：治疗眼昏生翳，远视似有黑花，以及内障看不见东西。用雀儿十个（去毛翅足嘴，连同肠胃骨肉研烂），磁石（打碎，醋淬七次，水飞）、神曲（炒）、青盐、肉苁蓉（酒浸炙）各一两，菟丝子（酒浸三日，晒干）三两，研为粉末。用酒二升，少许加入炼蜜，同雀肉、盐一起研成膏调和，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次温酒送下二十丸，每日两次。（《圣惠方》）
雀卵
【气味】味酸，性温，无毒。五月采集。
【主治】降气，治疗男子阴痿不起，使其勃起发热，增加精液以生育子嗣（《名医别录》）。与天雄、菟丝子粉末混合制成丸剂，空腹酒送服五丸，治疗男子阴痿不起，女子带下，小便不利，消除疝瘕（孟诜）。
【发明】陶弘景说：雀能调理阴阳，所以卵也是如此。《吴普本草》说：雀卵配合天雄服用，能使阴茎不衰。
苏颂说：按《素问》记载：胸胁胀满者，饮食受阻，发病时先闻到腥臭味，流出清涕，先唾血，四个月月经衰少不来。用乌贼骨、茜草，两物合并，用雀卵做丸，大小如小豆，以五丸为一顿饭的量，饮鲍鱼汁，以通利肠道及损伤的肝脏。服药后进食，药在先饭之前。本草这三味药并不治疗血枯，而经法使用它，是攻治其产生根源的方法。
李时珍说：现在的人知道雀卵能补益男子阳虚，不知道能治疗女子血枯，因为雀卵能补益精血。
头血
【主治】雀盲（《名医别录》。陶弘景说：雀盲，就是人患病黄昏时无所见，像雀鸟夜间视力差一样。每日两次，取血点眼。）
脑
【气味】性平。
【主治】用绵裹塞耳，治疗耳聋。又涂抹冻疮（孟诜。李时珍说：按张子和的方子：腊月雀脑烧成灰，用油调涂也可以）。
喙及脚胫骨
【主治】小儿乳癖，每次用一副煮汁服用。或烧成灰，米饮调服（李时珍）。
雄雀屎
一名白丁香（俗名）、青丹（《本草拾遗》）、雀苏（《雷公炮炙论》）。
【修治】《日华子本草》说：凡是鸟右翼盖住左翼的是雄雀。它的屎头尖挺直。
雷斅说：凡是用药，不要用雀儿粪。雀儿口黄的，是未经交配的。那种雀苏底部坐落处尖在上的是雄雀，两头圆的是雌雀。阴证用雄雀，阳证用雌雀。腊月采集得到后，去掉两边附着的东西，在钵中研细，用甘草水浸泡一夜，去掉水焙干使用。
李时珍说：《名医别录》只用雄雀屎。区分雌雄使用，则是出自雷氏。
【气味】味苦，性温，微毒。
【主治】治疗眼痛，决破痈疖，女子带下，小便不利，消除疝瘕（《名医别录》）。治疗龋齿（陶弘景）。配合初生男婴乳汁点入眼中，胬肉、赤脉贯瞳子的症状即可消除，神效。配合蜂蜜制成丸剂服用，治疗症瘕久患冷病。配合少量干姜服用，能使人肥胖愉悦（苏恭）。痈肿痛苦不溃破的，点涂即溃。急黄病快死的，用水化开服立即苏醒。腹中癖块、各种肿块、伏梁病的，配合干姜、桂心、艾叶制成丸剂服用，能使肿块消烂（陈藏器）。配合天雄、干姜制成丸剂服用，能强阴（孟诜）。消除积滞除胀满，通咽塞口噤，女人乳房肿胀，疮疡中风，风虫牙痛。（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：雀吃各种谷物，容易消化。所以所治疗的疝瘕积胀癖块，以及目翳胬肉，痈疽疮疖，咽噤齿龋等各种病症，都是取其能够消烂的意义。
【附方】旧方六首，新方八首。
霍乱不通，胀闷欲死，因饱食受凉者：用雄雀粪二十一粒，炒研末，温酒半盏调服。无效，再服。（《太平惠民和剂局方》/《总录》）
目中翳膜：治疗眼热生赤白膜。用雄雀屎和人乳点上，自然腐烂脱落。（《肘后备急方》）
风虫牙痛：雄雀屎，用棉包裹塞入孔中，每日更换两次，有效。（《外台秘要》）
咽喉噤塞：雄雀屎粉末，温水灌服半钱。（《外台秘要》）
小儿口噤中风：用雀屎，水泛丸如麻子大。饮水送下二丸，即愈。（《千金方》）
小儿不吮乳：用雀屎四枚研末，涂在乳头让婴儿吮吸。（《总病论》/《总微》）
小儿痘疹：白丁香粉末，加入少许麝香，米饮送服一钱。（《保幼大全》）
妇人吹乳：独胜散：白丁香半两，研末。用温酒送服一钱。（《简要济众方》）
破伤风疮作白痂无血者：杀人最急。用雄雀粪（直的）研末，热酒服半钱。（《普济方》）
破决痈疖：各种痈已成脓，害怕针刺的。取雀屎涂在疮头，即刻易于决破。（《梅师方》）
瘭疮作痛：用雀屎、燕窠土研末，敷之。（《直指方》）
浸淫疮癣：洗净，用雀屎、酱瓣和研，每日涂抹。（《千金翼方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**Names**: Jiu (pronounced "duo"), Kouzhi. Chen Zangqi stated: "Sparrows coming from the north indicate that bandits are about to attack. Border residents monitor them, hence the name." Li Shizhen stated: "According to the *Book of Tang*: During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, the Turks invaded the borders. Initially, before the Turks rebelled, these birds flew in flocks into the border regions. Border residents exclaimed in alarm: 'This bird is also known as the Turk Sparrow; when it flies south, the Turks will certainly invade.' This later proved true. Verification: This is what is recorded in the *Erya* as 'Jiu, Kouzhi'. Thus, the meaning of 'plundering bandits' originates from this."
**Collected Explanations**: Chen Zangqi stated: "The Turk Sparrow grows in the northern frontier. It resembles a sparrow but has a red body." Li Shizhen stated: "Verifying Guo Pu's words: 'Jiu grows in the desert lands of the north. It is as large as a pigeon, its shape resembles a female pheasant, its feet resemble those of a mouse and lack hind toes, and its tail is forked. As a bird, it is simple-minded and urgent, preferring to fly in groups.' Zhang Hua stated: 'It grows in the Guanxi region. When flying, the female leads and the male follows, moving according to their path.' Zhuangzi stated: 'The Qing Jiu loves its young and forgets its mother.'"
**Meat**
**Flavor and Properties**: Sweet, hot, non-toxic.
**Indications**: Tonifies deficiency and warms the middle jiao (Chen Zangqi).
(From *Mingyi Bielu*, classified as Medium Grade)
**Names**: Waque (Tile Sparrow), Binque (Guest Sparrow). Li Shizhen stated: "Sparrows are small birds with short tails. Hence the character consists of 'small' and 'jia'. 'Jia' (pronounced 'zhui') refers to a short-tailed bird. They roost between eaves and tiles, domesticated and close to the steps, like guests, hence called Waque and Binque, also referred to as Jingbin (Honored Guest). Commonly, the old ones with spots are called Macaques (Maque), and the small yellow-mouthed ones are called Huangque (Yellow Sparrow)."
**Collected Explanations**: Li Shizhen stated: "Sparrows are found everywhere. Their feathers are brownish with patterns, and both the throat and beak are black. The head is round like a garlic clove, eyes like split peppercorns. The tail is about two cun long, claws and spurs are yellowish-white; they jump rather than walk. Their gaze is startled, they are night-blind, their eggs are spotted, and their nature is most lustful. The small ones are named Huangque. In the eighth and ninth months, they fly in flocks in the fields. Their bodies are extremely fat, with back fat resembling spread silk wadding. Their nature and flavor are the same; they can be roasted for food and taste very delicious. Verification: The *Yi Zhoushu* states: 'In late autumn, sparrows enter the great water and transform into clams.' Sparrows do not enter water; if a state has much licentiousness, sparrows do not enter water. Also, the *Linhai Yiwu Zhi* states: 'In the South Sea there is the Huangque Fish. It often transforms into a Huangque in June and enters the sea to become a fish in October. Thus, what is called 'sparrow transforming into clam' likely refers to such cases. If it is the house sparrow, it never transforms.' There are also white sparrows, which the Weishu [Apocryphal texts] consider to be induced by auspicious omens."
**Meat**
**Flavor and Properties**: Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Tao Hongjing stated: "Sparrow meat should not be eaten with plums, nor with sauce. If pregnant women eat sparrow meat and drink alcohol, it causes the child to be prone to lust; eating sparrow meat and soybean paste..."
**Indications**: Eating it during the three winter months stimulates the yang pathway and enables one to have offspring (Chen Zangqi). Strengthens yang and benefits qi, warms the waist and knees, reduces urination, treats blood flooding and leukorrhea (*Rihuazhong Bencao*). Benefits essence and marrow, replenishes insufficient qi of the five zang organs. Should be consumed regularly without interruption (Meng Shen).
**Elucidation**: Su Song stated: "Before the first month and after the tenth month, it is suitable to consume it, taking advantage of the fact that yin and yang are quiet and undischarged. Therefore, the eggs taken are also from the first clutch." Su Song stated: "People now take sparrow meat and *Cnidium monnieri* (Shechuangzi) to make a paste, mix it with medicine to form pills, which are effective for tonifying the lower part, called Yima Wan. This method originated in the Tang dynasty, said to be effective when Emperor Minghuang took it." Li Shizhen stated: "*Shengji Zonglu* treats cold-deficiency conditions with Quefu Wan, using 30-40 fat sparrow meats, simmered with *Aconitum carmichaelii* (Fuzi) to make pills, also following this precedent."
**Attached Prescriptions**: Six new prescriptions.
**Tonifying the Elderly**: Treats visceral deficiency and emaciation in the elderly, with deficient and weak yang qi. Five sparrows (prepared normally), one he of millet, three stalks of green onion white.
**Heart Qi Labor Injury**: Zhuque Tang: Treats heart qi labor injury, leading to various diseases. Use one male sparrow (meat roasted), one he of adzuki beans, one liang each of Ginseng, Red Poria, jujube flesh, Purple Quartz, Wheat, half liang each of Aster root, Polygala root flesh, Salvia miltiorrhiza, two qian half of Licorice (roasted), Fine...
**Kidney Cold and Hernia**: Use three raw sparrows, scald off hair and remove intestines, do not wash. Place three qian of imported Fennel, one qian of Pepper, two qian each of Amomum fruit and Cinnamon bark inside the belly. Wrap in wet paper, bake until cooked. Eat on an empty stomach, washed down with wine. Good. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
**Small Intestine Hernia**: Use one hairy sparrow, remove intestines, insert five qian of Potassium Alum powder, sew up. Bake over mulberry wood fire until charred, grind to powder. Take on an empty stomach with unadulterated wine. For chronic cases, two doses cure. (*Ruizhutang Fang*)
**Red and White Dysentery**: In the twelfth lunar month, take sparrows, remove intestines and belly feathers. Insert one kernel of Castor bean into the belly. Seal tightly in a bottle, preserve nature, grind to powder. Boil Yellow Beeswax in good wine until bubbling. Mix wax with powder, make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 10-20 pills per dose. For red dysentery, take with Licorice decoction; for white dysentery, take with Dry Ginger decoction. (*Puji Fang*)
**Internal and External Eye Obstruction**: Treats blurry vision with nebula, seeing black flowers at distance, and internal cataracts preventing sight. Use ten sparrows (remove feathers, wings, feet, beak, grind together with guts, bones, and flesh), Magnetite (crushed, quenched seven times in vinegar, water-washed), Medicated Leaven (fried), Green Salt, *Cynomorium songaricum* (wine-soaked and roasted) each one liang, *Cuscuta chinensis* (wine-soaked for three days, dried) three liang. Grind to powder. Use two sheng of wine, add a little refined honey, grind together with sparrow and salt to form a paste. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills with warm wine, twice daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
**Sparrow Eggs**
**Flavor and Properties**: Sour, warm, non-toxic. Collect in the fifth month.
**Indications**: Directs qi downward, treats impotence in men, promotes erection and heat, increases sperm for procreation (*Mingyi Bielu*). Mix with *Aconitum kusnezoffii* (Tianxiong) and *Cuscuta chinensis* powder to make pills. Take five pills on an empty stomach with wine. Treats male impotence, female leukorrhea, difficult urination, eliminates hernia masses (Meng Shen).
**Elucidation**: Tao Hongjing stated: "Sparrows benefit yin and yang, so the eggs do likewise." *Wu Pu Bencao* states: "Taking sparrow eggs with Tianxiong prevents penile atrophy."
Su Song stated: "According to *Suwen*: Those with chest and hypochondriac fullness have difficulty eating. At onset, they first smell a foul odor, discharge clear fluid, and spit blood. Menstruation becomes scanty or stops for four months. Treat with Cuttlefish bone and *Rubia cordifolia* (Qiancao). Combine these two substances, pill with sparrow egg, size like small beans. Take five pills with rice meal, drink Mullet juice to benefit the intestines and injured liver. Drink medicine before eating. These three herbs in Bencao do not treat Blood Exhaustion, but the Classic methods use them to attack the source of generation."
Li Shizhen stated: "People today know that sparrow eggs can benefit male yang deficiency, but do not know they can treat female blood exhaustion, because sparrow eggs benefit essence and blood."
**Liver**
**Indications**: Kidney deficiency with weak yang (*Shenghui Fang* Si Xiong Wan uses it).
**Head Blood**
**Indications**: Night blindness (*Mingyi Bielu*. Tao Hongjing stated: "Night blindness is when a person cannot see at dusk, like a sparrow's night vision. Twice daily, apply blood to the eyes.")
**Brain**
**Flavor and Properties**: Neutral.
**Indications**: Wrap in cotton and insert into ear to treat deafness. Also apply to frostbite (Meng Shen. Li Shizhen stated: "According to Zhang Zihe's formula: Burn sparrow brain collected in the twelfth month to ash, mix with oil and apply.")
**Beak and Leg Bones**
**Indications**: Pediatric breast lumps (Ru Pi). Boil one set in water and drink. Or burn to ash, mix with rice drink and take (Li Shizhen).
**Male Sparrow Droppings**
Also known as Bai Dingxiang (Common Name), Qingdan (*Bencao Shiyi*), Quesu (*Paozhi Lun*).
**Processing**: *Rihuazhong Bencao* states: "For birds, the right wing covering the left indicates male. Its droppings have a pointed, straight tip." Lei Xiao stated: "When using, do not use sparrow feces. Sparrows with yellow mouths have not yet mated. Those Quesu with the base sitting sharp upwards are male, those round at both ends are female. Yin conditions use male, Yang conditions use female. Collect in December, remove attached sides, grind fine in a mortar, soak in Licorice water overnight, drain water, dry by baking and use."
Li Shizhen stated: "*Mingyi Bielu* only uses male sparrow droppings. Distinguishing male and female usage originates from Lei Shi."
**Flavor and Properties**: Bitter, warm, slightly toxic.
**Indications**: Treats eye pain, resolves abscesses and boils, female leukorrhea, difficult urination, eliminates hernia masses (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treats dental caries (Tao Hongjing). Mix with colostrum of a newborn boy to drop into eyes; pterygium and red vessels crossing the pupil will disappear, divine effect. Mix with honey to make pills, treat chronic cold diseases of hernia masses. Mix with a little Dry Ginger to take, greatly fattens and pleases the person (Su Gong). For painful abscesses that do not suppurate, applying drops causes immediate suppuration. For acute jaundice near death, dissolve in water and take for immediate revival. For abdominal masses, various lumps, and Fuliang, mix with Dry Ginger, Cinnamon Heart, and Mugwort to make pills; can cause dissolution and rotting (Chen Zangqi). Mix with Tianxiong and Dry Ginger to make pills, strengthens yin (Meng Shen). Eliminates accumulation and distension, opens throat obstruction and lockjaw, treats female breast swelling, wound trauma with wind-stroke, wind-insect toothache (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation**: Li Shizhen stated: "Sparrows eat various grains and digest easily. Therefore, for treating hernia masses, accumulations, distensions, and masses, as well as eye nebulae, pterygia, carbuncles, sores, boils, throat lock, and dental caries, all utilize its meaning of dissolving and rotting."
**Attached Prescriptions**: Six old, eight new.
**Huo Luan with Blockage, Distending Pain Near Death due to Overeating and Cooling**: Use twenty-one grains of male sparrow dung, stir-fry and grind to powder. Mix with half cup of warm wine and take. If ineffective, take again. (*Zonglu*)
**Eye Nebula and Membrane**: Treats eye heat generating red and white membranes. Apply male sparrow dung mixed with human milk to the eyes; it will naturally rot away. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
**Wind-Insect Toothache**: Male sparrow dung, wrap in cotton and insert into hole, change twice daily. Effective. (*Waitai*)
**Throat Lock and Obstruction**: Male sparrow dung powder,灌 (pour/inject) half qian with warm water. (*Waitai*)
**Pediatric Mouth Lock and Wind Stroke**: Use sparrow dung, water-pilled to size of hemp seed. Swallow with water, two pills, immediately cured. (*Qianjin Fang*)
**Pediatric Refusal to Nurse**: Use four sparrow dung pellets, grind to powder, apply to nipple for sucking. (*Zongwei*)
**Pediatric Smallpox**: Bai Dingxiang powder, add a little Musk, take one qian with rice drink. (*Baoyou Daquan*)
**Women's Mastitis**: Dusheng San: Half liang Bai Dingxiang, grind to powder. Take one qian with warm wine. (*Jianyao Jizhong*)
**Traumatic Wind Sores forming White Scabs without Blood**: Most deadly and rapid. Grind male sparrow dung (straight pieces) to powder, take half qian with hot wine. (*Puji*)
**Resolving Abscesses and Boils**: For various abscesses where pus has formed, fearing needle puncture. Apply sparrow dung to the sore head; it will readily resolve. (*Meishi Fang*)
**Burning Sores causing Pain**: Grind sparrow dung and swallow nest earth, apply. (*Zhizhi*)
**Oozing Sores and Tinea**: Cleanse, grind sparrow dung and bean paste together, apply daily. (*Qianjin Yi*)
**Sore Throat and Tonsillitis**: Twenty Bai Dingxiang, mix with rock sugar to make three pills. Wrap one pill in cotton, hold in mouth and swallow. Cured immediately. Severe cases, no more than two pills.
**Facial Acne and Rosacea**: Ten Bai Dingxiang, soak in one liang of honey. Apply morning and night; gradually disappears. (*Puji Fang*)