（《别录》中品）
【释名】弘景曰∶此是以米作 ，非别米名也。
恭曰∶ 犹孽也，生不以理之名也。皆当以可生之物生之，取其 中之米入药。按∶《食
经》用稻 ，稻即 谷之总名。陶谓以米作 ，非矣。米
【集解】宗 曰∶ 米，粟 也。
时珍曰∶《别录》止云 米，不云粟作也。苏恭言凡谷皆可生者，是矣。有粟、黍、谷、
麦、豆诸 ，皆水浸胀，候生芽曝干去须，取其中米，炒研面用。其功皆主消导。今并集于
左方。《日华子》谓 米为作醋黄子者，亦误矣。
粟
（一名粟芽）
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
宗 曰∶今谷神散中用之，性温于麦 。
【主治】寒中，下气，除热（《别录》）。除烦，消宿食，开胃（《日华》）。为末和脂敷
面，令皮肤悦泽（陶
稻
（一名谷芽）
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】快脾开胃，下气和中，消食化积（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
启脾进食∶谷神丸∶用谷 四两为末，入姜汁、盐少许，和作饼，焙干，入炙甘草、砂
仁、白术（麸炒）各一两，为末。白汤点服之，或丸服。（《澹寮方
麦
（一名麦芽）
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】消食和中（《别录》）。破冷气，去心腹胀满（《药性》）。开胃，止霍乱，除烦
闷，消痰饮，破症结
消化一切米、面、诸果食积（时珍）。
【发明】好古曰∶麦芽、神曲二药，胃气虚人宜服之，以代戊己腐熟水谷。豆蔻、缩砂、
乌梅、木瓜、芍药、五味子为之使。
时珍曰∶麦 、谷芽、粟 ，皆能消导米、面、诸果食积。观造饧者用之，可以类推矣。
但有积者能消化，无积而久服，则消人元气也，不可不知。若久服者，须同白术诸药兼用，
则无害也矣。
【附方】旧二，新六。
快膈进食∶麦 四两，神曲二两，白术、橘皮各一两，为末，蒸饼丸梧子大。每人参汤
下三、五十丸，效。谷劳嗜卧，饱食便卧，得谷劳病，令人四肢烦重，嘿嘿欲卧，食毕
用大麦 一升，椒一两（并
炒），干姜三两，捣末。每服方寸匕，白汤下，日三。（《肘
后》）。
腹中虚冷，食辄不消，羸瘦弱乏，因生百疾∶大麦 五升，小麦面半斤，豉五合，杏仁
二升，皆熬黄香，捣筛糊丸弹子大。每服一丸，白汤下。（《肘后方
产后腹胀不通，转气急，坐卧不安∶以麦 一合，为末。和酒服，良久通转，神验。此
乃供奉辅太初传与崔郎中方也。（李绛《兵部手集》方）。
产后青肿，乃血水积也∶干漆、大麦 等分，为末。新瓦中铺漆一层， 一层，重重令
满，盐泥固济， 赤研末。热酒调服二钱。产后诸疾并宜
产后秘塞五、七日不通，不宜妄服药丸∶宜用大麦芽炒黄为末，每服三钱，沸汤调下，
与粥间服。（《妇人良方》）。
妊娠去胎∶《外台》治妊娠欲去胎。麦 一升，蜜一升，服之即下。《短剧》用大麦芽一
升，水三升，煮二升，分三服，神效。
产后回乳，产妇无子食乳，乳不消，令人发热恶寒∶用大麦 二两。炒为末。每服五钱，
白汤下，甚良。（《丹溪纂要》方）。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】陶弘景说：这是用米发芽制成的，并非另一种米的名称。
苏恭说：“蘖”通“孽”，是指生长不合常理的名称。都应当用可生长的物质来培育，取其芽中间的米粒入药。按：《食经》中提到的稻蘖，稻即蘖谷的总称。陶弘景说用米制作蘖，是不对的。
米蘖
【集解】寇宗奭说：米蘖，就是粟芽。
李时珍说：《名医别录》只记载了米蘖，没有说是由粟制作的。苏恭说凡是谷物都可以用来制作蘖，这是正确的。有粟、黍、稷、麦、豆等各种蘖，都是用水浸泡使其膨胀，等到生出芽后晒干并去掉须根，取其中间的米粒，炒熟后研成粉末使用。它们的功效主要都是主司消化导滞。现在一并汇集在下面的方剂中。《日华子本草》说米蘖是制作醋曲的黄子，这也是错误的。
粟蘖
（又名粟芽）
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
寇宗奭说：现在的谷神散中使用它，其性质比麦蘖更温和。
【主治】治疗寒邪伤中，降气，清热（出自《名医别录》）。消除烦躁，消解隔宿饮食，开胃（出自《日华子本草》）。研成末配合油脂敷面，使皮肤光泽悦目（出自陶弘景）。
稻蘖
（又名谷芽）
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】健脾开胃，降气和中，消食化积（李时珍）。
【附方】新方一首。
启脾进食：谷神丸：用稻蘖四两研成末，加入少许姜汁和盐，调和做成饼，焙干，再加入炙甘草、砂仁、白术（麸炒）各一两，研成末。用白开水冲服，或制成丸剂服用。（出自《澹寮方》）
麦蘖
（又名麦芽）
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】消食和中（出自《名医别录》）。破除冷气，去除心腹胀满（出自《药性论》）。开胃，止霍乱，消除烦闷，消化痰饮，破除症结，消化一切米、面、各种水果及食物积滞（李时珍）。
【发明】李好古说：麦芽、神曲这两种药，胃气虚弱的人适宜服用，用以替代脾胃腐熟水谷的功能。豆蔻、缩砂、乌梅、木瓜、芍药、五味子可以作为引经药或辅助药。
李时珍说：麦蘖、谷芽、粟蘖，都能消化米、面、各种水果及食物积滞。观察制作饴糖的人使用它们，可以类推其他情况。但是只有存在积滞时才能起到消化作用，如果没有积滞而长期服用，则会损耗人的元气，这一点不可不知道。如果长期服用，必须与白术等药物配合使用，才不会有危害。
【附方】旧方二首，新方六首。
快膈进食：麦蘖四两，神曲二两，白术、橘皮各一两，研成末，用蒸饼糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每人用人参汤送服三五十丸，有效。
谷劳病嗜睡：饱食后立即躺卧，患上谷劳病，使人四肢沉重烦扰，沉默想睡觉，吃完饭后用大麦蘖一升，花椒一两（均炒过），干姜三两，捣成末。每次服用一方寸匕，用白开水送下，每日三次。（出自《肘后备急方》）。
腹中虚冷，进食后不消化，身体消瘦乏力，因而产生各种疾病：大麦蘖五升，小麦面半斤，豆豉五合，杏仁二升，都炒至黄香，捣碎过筛，用蜜糊制成弹子大小的丸剂。每次服用一丸，用白开水送下。（出自《肘后方》）。
产后腹胀不通，转气急促，坐卧不安：用麦蘖一合，研成末。和酒服用，很久之后气机通畅，效果神奇。这是供奉官辅太初传授给崔郎中的方子。（出自李绛《兵部手集》方）。
产后青肿，这是血和水积滞所致：干漆、大麦蘖等分，研成末。在新瓦片上铺一层漆，再铺一层药粉，层层填满，用盐泥密封固定，烧红后研成细末。用热酒调服二钱。产后各种疾病都适宜使用。
产后便秘五到七天不通，不宜随意服药丸：宜用大麦芽炒黄研成末，每次服用三钱，用沸水调下，与喝粥间隔服用。（出自《妇人良方》）。
妊娠堕胎：《外台秘要》治疗妊娠想要堕胎。麦蘖一升，蜂蜜一升，服用后即能排出。《短剧方》用大麦芽一升，水三升，煮取二升，分三次服用，效果神奇。
产后回乳：产妇无子哺乳，乳汁不消退，令人发热恶寒：用大麦蘖二两。炒成末。每次服用五钱，用白开水送下，效果很好。（出自《丹溪纂要》方）。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Tao Hongjing stated: This is made from germinated rice, not a distinct name for another type of rice.
Su Gong stated: "Nie" (germ/sprout) is akin to "Nie" (abnormality/offshoot), referring to something that grows contrary to normal order. One should use viable substances to cultivate them, taking the grain from the center of the sprout for medicinal use. Note: The *Shi Jing* mentions Dao Nie (rice germ); "Dao" is the general term for germinated grains. Tao's assertion that it is made by processing rice into Nie is incorrect.
Mi Nie (Rice Germ)
[Collection and Explanation] Kou Zongshi stated: Mi Nie is Su Nie (millet germ).
Li Shizhen stated: *Bie Lu* only records Mi Nie and does not specify it is made from millet. Su Gong's statement that any grain can be used to make Nie is correct. There are various types such as Su Nie (millet germ), Shu Nie (broomcorn millet germ), Ji Nie (foxtail millet germ), Mai Nie (wheat germ), and Dou Nie (bean germ). All are soaked in water until swollen, allowed to sprout, then dried in the sun, with roots removed. The central grain is taken, stir-fried, and ground into powder. Their efficacy primarily focuses on digestion and guiding out stagnation. They are collected together below. *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao* states that Mi Nie is the yellow seed used to make vinegar koji, which is also an error.
Su Nie (Millet Germ)
(Also known as Su Ya)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Warm, Non-toxic.
Kou Zongshi stated: It is used in the current Gu Shen San; its nature is warmer than Mai Nie.
[Efficacy] Treats cold invading the middle jiao, directs qi downward, clears heat (*Bie Lu*). Relieves irritability, digests retained food, opens the appetite (*Ri Hua*). Ground into powder and mixed with fat for facial application, making the skin lustrous and bright (Tao Hongjing).
Dao Nie (Rice Germ)
(Also known as Gu Ya)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Efficacy] Strengthens the spleen and opens the stomach, directs qi downward and harmonizes the middle, digests food and resolves accumulation (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] New Prescription 1.
To invigorate the spleen and promote appetite: Gu Shen Wan: Use four liang of Dao Nie ground into powder, add a small amount of ginger juice and salt, mix to form cakes, bake until dry, then add one liang each of roasted Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit), and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome, bran-fried). Grind into powder. Take with warm water or in pill form. (*Dan Liao Fang*)
Mai Nie (Wheat Germ / Malt)
(Also known as Mai Ya)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Efficacy] Digests food and harmonizes the middle (*Bie Lu*). Breaks up cold qi, removes fullness and distension in the heart and abdomen (*Yao Xing Lun*). Opens the appetite, stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, relieves irritability, transforms phlegm-fluids, breaks up masses and accumulations, and digests all accumulations of rice, flour, fruits, and other foods (Li Shizhen).
[Invention/Commentary] Li Haogu stated: Mai Nie (Malt) and Shen Qu (Medicated Leaven) are suitable for individuals with deficient stomach qi, serving to replace the spleen and stomach's function of rotting and ripening food and fluids. Dou Kou (Cardamom), Suo Sha (Black Cardamom), Wu Mei (Mume Fruit), Mu Gua (Chaenomeles Fruit), Shao Yao (Peony Root), and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry) serve as guides or assistants.
Li Shizhen stated: Mai Nie (Malt), Gu Ya (Rice Germ), and Su Nie (Millet Germ) can all digest accumulations of rice, flour, fruits, and other foods. Observing their use by maltose makers allows for analogy. However, they only digest when there is actual accumulation; long-term use without accumulation will deplete the body's primordial qi, a fact that must not be ignored. If long-term use is necessary, it must be combined with herbs like Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) to avoid harm.
[Attached Prescriptions] Old Prescriptions 2, New Prescriptions 6.
To clear the diaphragm and promote appetite: Mai Nie (Malt) four liang, Shen Qu (Medicated Leaven) two liang, Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Ju Pi (Citrus Peel) one liang each. Grind into powder, make pills using steamed dough paste, sized like wu zi (wu berry). Take 30-50 pills with Ren Shen Tang (Ginseng Decoction) per person; effective.
Gu Lao (Grain Fatigue) with somnolence: Sleeping immediately after eating leads to Gu Lao disease, causing heavy and irritable limbs, silence, and desire to sleep. After meals, take one sheng of Da Mai Nie (Barley Malt), one liang of Jiao (Sichuan Pepper, both stir-fried), and three liang of Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger). Pound into powder. Take one fang cun bi (square inch spoonful) at a time, washed down with warm water, three times daily. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Empty cold in the abdomen, food fails to digest after eating, emaciation and weakness, leading to various diseases: Da Mai Nie (Barley Malt) five sheng, Xiao Mai Mian (Wheat Flour) half a jin, Chi Dou (Fermented Soybeans) five he, Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) two sheng. All are stir-fried until fragrant and yellow, pounded and sifted, made into pills the size of bullet seeds using honey paste. Take one pill at a time, washed down with warm water. (*Zhou Hou Fang*)
Postpartum abdominal distension with obstruction, urgent gas movement, restlessness in sitting and lying: Take one he of Mai Nie (Malt), grind into powder. Mix with wine and ingest; after a while, qi circulation resumes, proving miraculous. This prescription was transmitted by Court Attendant Fu Taichu to Physician Cui. (From Li Jiang's *Bing Bu Shou Ji*)
Postpartum cyanosis/swelling, caused by accumulation of blood and fluid: Gan Xi (Lacquer Resin) and Da Mai Nie (Barley Malt) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Lay a layer of lacquer in a new tile, then a layer of powder, repeating until full. Seal firmly with salt mud, fire until red, then grind into fine powder. Take two qian mixed with hot wine. Suitable for various postpartum ailments.
Postpartum constipation for five to seven days without passage; do not casually administer pills: Use Da Mai Ya (Large Barley Sprout) stir-fried until yellow and ground into powder. Take three qian at a time, mixed with boiling water, taken between meals. (*Fu Ren Liang Fang*)
Abortion during pregnancy: *Wai Tai Mi Yao* treats pregnancy where abortion is desired. Mai Nie (Malt) one sheng, Honey one sheng. Ingest; expulsion occurs immediately. *Duan Ju Fang* uses Da Mai Ya (Large Barley Sprout) one sheng, water three sheng, boiled down to two sheng, divided into three doses; miraculous effect.
Postpartum lactation suppression: When a nursing mother has no child to nurse, milk does not resolve, causing fever and aversion to cold: Use two liang of Da Mai Nie (Barley Malt). Stir-fry and grind into powder. Take five qian at a time, washed down with warm water; very good. (*Dan Xi Zhuan Yao*)